An Attempt to Establish the First Principles of Chemistry by ExperimentBaldwin, Cradock and Joy., 1825 |
المحتوى
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طبعات أخرى - عرض جميع المقتطفات
عبارات ومصطلحات مألوفة
acetic acid acid 1 atom alumina ammonia analysis analyzed anhydrous antimony arseniate arsenic acid atom of oxygen atom oxide atom oxygen atom protoxide atom sulphuric acid atomic weight atoms of water atoms water barytes Berzelius bismuth cadmium carbonic acid chromate cobalt colour combined composed compound constituents contain cubic inches deutoxide dried equivalent experiments exposed filter fluoric acid formed four-sided gases glucina heated to redness Hence hydrate hydrogen hydrogen gas insoluble integrant particle lime liquid magnesia manganese mercury metallic mineral mixed muriate of barytes muriatic acid neutral nickel nitrate of lead nitric acid obtained oxalic acid oxide oxygen gas peroxide of uranium phate phosphate phosphoric acid powder precipitate prisms protoxide of iron protoxide of lead quantity red heat salt sand bath saturate silica silica united silver soluble in water solution specific gravity strontian sulphate of potash sulphuret sulphuric acid tained tartaric acid tartrate tion titanic acid vapour water of crystallization
مقاطع مشهورة
الصفحة 22 - ... hydrogen will be confined to that atom and will not affect the accuracy of the atomic weights of other bodies.... Hydrogen as far as we know at present combines with but few of the other simple bodies, while oxygen unites with them all, and often in various proportions. Consequently very little advantage is gained by representing the atom of hydrogen by unity ; but a very great one by representing the atom of oxygen by unity.
الصفحة 58 - October 1804) contained the first announcement of the fact that oxygen and hydrogen unite to form water in the proportion of one volume of the former to two volumes of the latter (see ATOMIC THEORY).
الصفحة 45 - ... 4th. When four combinations are observed, we should expect one binary, two ternary, and one quaternary, &c. 5th. A binary compound should always be specifically heavier than the mere mixture of its two ingredients. 6th. A ternary compound should be specifically heavier than the mixture of a binary and a simple, which would, if combined, constitute it; &c. 7th. The above rules and observations equally apply when two bodies, such as C and D, D and E, &c., are combined.
الصفحة 33 - I could procure a sufficient quantity for me to examine it fully, has been found not only a multiple of the atomic weight of hydrogen, but if we except a few compounds into which a single or odd atom of hydrogen enters, they are all multiples of 0'25, or of two atoms of hydrogen.
الصفحة 21 - ... The history of the succession of standards deserves to be told very shortly. Thomson gives us the early part of it1. Combining weight may be substituted wherever he says atomic weight without altering the exact meaning, or the force of the argument : " Mr Dalton made choice of the atom of hydrogen for his unity, and in this he has been followed by Dr Henry of Manchester, and by one or two chemical gentlemen in London. But this method has been The standards rejected by almost all the British Chemists,...
الصفحة 44 - When only one combination of two bodies can be obtained, it must be presumed to be a binary one, unless some cause appear to the contrary.
الصفحة 21 - Now if we reckon the atomic weight of Hydrogen as unity and commit an error respecting its relation to that of other bodies, this error will affect the atomic weight of all other bodies and will make them all either too heavy or too light ; whereas if we make choice of oxygen for our unity, an error respecting the atom of hydrogen will be confined to that atom and will not affect the accuracy of the atomic weights of other bodies....
الصفحة 16 - ... opinions was likely to have been early appreciated, another cause operated to prevent them from gaining ground. The French Revolution was at its acme when Richter began his stoichiometrical investigations, and all Europe was plunged into the bloodiest and most inveterate war that has almost ever afflicted this part of the world. Great Britain soon became involved in the dispute and gradually not only bore the brunt of the war, but was by degrees deserted by all her allies, and at last left alone...
الصفحة 33 - Every substance, of which I could procure a sufficient quantity to enable me to examine it fully, has been not only a multiple of the atomic weight of hydrogen ; but, if we except a few compounds into which a single or odd atom of hydrogen enters, they are all multiples of 0'25, or of two atoms of hydrogen.
الصفحة 43 - ... 1 atom of A + 1 atom of B = 1 atom of C, binary. 1 atom of A + 2 atoms of B = 1 atom of D, ternary. 2 atoms of A + 1 atom of B = 1 atom of E, ternary. 1 atom of A + 3 atoms of B = 1 atom of F, quaternary. 3 atoms of A + 1 atom of B = 1 atom of G, quaternary.