of the Rev. Jofeph Clarke, D. D. Rector of the faid Parifh. By R. Woodefon, M. A. and Mafter of Kingfton-school. 4to. 6d. Richardfon. VI. Preached before the Sons of the Clergy, at St. Paul's, April zo, 1758. By James Ibbetson, D. D. Rector of Bushey, in Hertfordshire, Prebendary of Lincoln, and Archdeacon of St. Alban's. 4to. 6d. Whiston. VII. Preached before the Lord Mayor, &c. and the Governors of the feveral hofpitals of London, at St. Bridget's, on Wednesday in Eafter-Week, 1758. By Angel Chauncey, D. D. Rector of St. Andrew's Underfhaft. 4to. 6d. Whiston. VIII. The Love of God. Preached at Liverpool, at the funeral of Capt. Samuel Hunter. By John Johnfton. 8vo. 6d. Keith. SERMONS on the late Eaft-Day, Feb. 17, 1758, continued from p. 287. XX. The genuine Fear of God the beft Foundation of private and national Happiness. Preached at St. Peter's in the East, Oxford. By James Snowdon, D. D. Fellow of Moreton College, and Minifter of the faid parish. 8vo. 6d. Rivington and Fletcher. XXI. The Infufficiency of Faft-Days to avert the Divine Judgments, Avithout a continued reformation and obedience to the Divine laws. Preached by Henry Croffman, M. A. Rector of Little Cornard, in Suffolk. 8vo. 6 d. B. Dod. XXII. A folemn and fincere Repent ince the best expedient for Success in time of War. By John Bilftone, Chaplain of All-fouls College, in Oxford. 8vo. 6d. Rivington. XXIII. Two Sermons on Gen. xix. 27, and 28. At Bedington, Sunday the 12th, and Friday the 17th of February, 1758. By John Eyre, A. M. Affilant at Epfom, and late of Hertford College. 4to 6 d. Withers: Books imported fince our laft Publication. Bbque que rate, la phyfique particuliere, la mechanique, la cby Ibliotheque de Phyfique et d'Hiftoire Naturelle, contenant la phy mie, l'anatomie, la botanique, la medecine, l'hiftoire naturelle des infectes, des animaux, & des coquillages. 5 vol. 1758. 2. Commentaires fur la défenfe des Places, traduits du Grec dÆnea's le Tacticien, accompagnés de notes & fuivis du tableau militaire des Grecs au tems qu' Eneas écrivoit, & que Philippe pere d'Alexandre changea toute la face de la Grece, & du parallele de Philippe avec Cefar & Alexandre, et des ecoles militaires de l'antiquité, par M. le C. de Beaufobre. z vol. 4to. By Mr. Vaillant, in the Strand. 2 3. De l'Origine des Loix, des Arts, et des fciences; & de leurs Progrés chez les Anciens Peuples. 3 vol. 4to. 1758. 4. Les Amusemens Militaires, ouvrage fervant d'Introduction aux fciences qui forment les Guerriers,, par M. Du Pain. 8vo. avec figures. 1757. 5. Iphigenie en Tauride, Tragedie. Par M. de la Touche, 12mo. 6. Etat Militaire de France, Four 1758. contenant l'etat actuel des troupes, les uniformes, & les noms des officiers, de chaque corps, et de la marine. 12mo. 1758. 7. L'Ami des Hommes, ou Traité de la Population, 3 vol. 1757. 8. Encyclopedie, ou Dictionaire des Arts & Sciences, tome leptieme, fol. 1758. 9. Annales politiques, par l'Abbè de St. Pierre. z vol. 8vo. 1757. 11. Hiftoire de Zenobie, Reine de Palmyre. 12mo. 1758. 14. Examen du Fatalifme, ou Expofition des differens Syftemes de Fatalisme, qui ont partagè les Philofophes fur l'Origine du Monde, fur la Nature del'Ame, & fur le Principe des Actions Humaines, vol. 12mo. 1757: 15. Principes du droit de la Nature, & des Gens, par M. Wolf, 3 vol. 12mo. 1758. 16. Les Interefts de la Françe mal entendus dans les branches de l'agriculture, de la population, des finances, du commerce, de la marine, & de l' induftrie, 2 vol. 12mo. 1757. 17. Memoires d' un Proteftant condamné aux galeres de Frances pour caufe de religion écrite par lui meme. 8vo. 1757. 18. Vie d'Erafme, par M. de Burigny, 2 vol. 1mo. 19. Traitè de la peute Guerre, par M. de Grandmaifon, 2 vol. 12mo. 20. Effai fur l' Hiftoire Naturelle de la Mer Adriatique, par le Dr. Donati, avec une lettre fur Une Nouvelle Efpece de Plante Terreftre. 4to. 21. Memoires Militaires fur les Grecs & les Romains, ou l'on s retabli le texte de Polybe & des Tacticiens, Grecs & Latins, on a joint une differtation fur l'attaque & defenfe des places, la traduction d'Onofander, and de la tachtique d'Arrien, par M. Guischart, vol. 4to. avec figures, 1758. 2z. Gefnerus de Petrificatis. 8vo. 1757. 23. Halleri Elementa Phyfiologia Corporis Humani, 4to 1757. 24. T. Tronchin de Colica Pictonum, 8vo. 1757. 25. Le Droit des Gens, ou Principes de la Loi Naturelle appliqués à la conduite et aux affaires des nations, & des fouverains, par M. Vattel, ouvrage qui conduit à developer les veritables interefts dea puiffances. 4to. 1758. 26. Ephraim Juftifiè, Memoire Hiftorique et Raifonné fur l'Eta paffé prefent & futur des finances de Saxe. 8vo. 1758. THE MONTHLY REVIEW, For JUN E, 1758. A Review of the principal Questions and Difficulties in Morals; particularly thofe relating to the Original of our Ideas of Virtue, its nature, foundation, reference to the Deity, obligation, fubjectmatter, and fanctions. By Richard Price. 8vo. 6 s. bound. Millar. ΤΗ HERE are fcarce any fubjects that have been more frequently debated, or about which thoughtful and inquifitive men have differed fo much, as those which are treated of in the work now before us; yet notwithstanding all that has been faid upon them, they are ftill involved in a good deal of obscurity, and attended with very confiderable difficulties. Their importance is univerfally acknowleged; every attempt, therefore, to throw new light upon them, and remove the difficulties wherewith they are attended, muft certainly be deemed a laudable attempt, and be favourably regarded by every confiderate Reader. Such enquiries, indeed, are but little fuited to the prevailing tafte of the prefent times; and Authors who employ their pens on moral or metaphyfical fubjects, unless it be to fupport the cause of infidelity and fcepticifm, muft not expect to have many Readers, in an age where few things are relifhed, but what are calculated to entertain or amufe. But let us leave general reflections, and come to the work now under our confideration; a work which deferves the attentive perufal of all who are converfant with moral enquiries. The Author appears to have carefully ftudied his fubject, and to be pofVOL. XVIII. LI feffed feffed of that modeft, candid, and ingenuous turn of mind, which is fo favourable to the difcovery of truth. He has, in our opinion, thrown new light on feveral points of importance; and appears, through the whole of his performance, in the character of a cool, difpaffionate enquirer after truth.---We shall give our Readers a general view of what he has advanced. He fets out with obferving, that in confidering the actions of moral agents, we find in ourselves three different perceptions relating to them, which it is neceffary we fhould carefully diftinguish. The firft is, our perception of right and wrong; the fecond, our perception of beauty and amiableness, or the contrary; the third perception of our minds, relating to actions, is expreffed, when we fay they are of good or ill defert. Each of these he examines feparately, but particularly the first, with which he begins; and in the firft fection of his first chapter, ftates the queftion concerning the foundation of morals. Some actions, he fays, we all feel ourselves irrefiftibly determined to approve, and others to difapprove. Some actions we cannot but conceive of as right, and others as wrong, and of all actions we are led to form fome idea, as either fit to be performed or unfit, or neither fit nor unfit to be performed; that is, indifferent. What this power within us is, that thus perceives and determines about actions, is the queftion to be confidered. Now this power, according to our Author, is the understanding, and not a moral fenfe, as explained by Dr. Hutchefon. In attempting to prove this, he thinks it neceffary to premife feveral things relating to the original of our ideas in general, and the diftinct provinces of the understanding and of fenfe; this is the subject of the fecond fection of his firft chapter, and deferves the Reader's particular attention, as upon the truth or falfhood of what is here advanced, the Author's fcheme, in a great measure, ftands or falls. The power within us which understands; the intuition of the mind, or that faculty which difcerns truth, which views, compares, and judges of all ideas and things, is, we are told, a spring of new ideas. By ideas, our Author almoft conftantly means fimple ideas, or original, primary, and uncompounded perceptions of the mind. Now the queftion to be determined being, whether our moral ideas arise from that power within us that underftands, or from a fenfe? he enters into a particular examination of it, and diftinctly confiders the different natures and provinces of fenfe and reason, and the fuperiority of the one to the other. To this purpofe he obferves, firft, that what judges concerning the objects and perceptions of the fenfes, and contradicts their decifions, cannot be itself fenfe, but muft be fome nobler facul ty: ty: again, one sense cannot judge of the objects of another, the eye, for inftance, of harmony, or the ear of colours. That, therefore, which views and compares the objects of all the fenfes, and judges of them, cannot be fenfe, or any power that has any affinity to it. Senfe confifts in the obtruding of certain impreffions and ideas upon us, independently of our wills; but it cannot perceive what they are, or whence they are derived. It lies proftrate under its object, and is only a capacity in the foul of feeling and fuffering, or of having its own ftate altered by the influence of particular caufes. It muft, therefore, remain a ftranger to the objects and caufes affecting it, and cannot know any thing, or judge at all, even of its own perceptions. But the nnderstanding mafters and comprehends its object, takes cognizance of it within itself, and, by its own native power and activity, examines it, and judges of it. Mere fenfe can perceive nothing in the most exquifite work of art; suppose a plant, or the body of an animal; but what is painted in the eye, or what might be defcribed on paper. It is the intellect that must perceive in it order and proportion; va tiety and regularity; defign, connection, art, and power; aptitudes, dependencies, correfpondences, and adjustment of parts, fo as to fubferve one end, and compofe one perfect whole; things which can never be represented on a sensible organ, and the ideas of which cannot be ftamped on the mind from external objects, or paffively received from without.---Senfe cannot perceive any of the modes of thinking Beings; these can be discovered only by the mind's furvey of itself. The objects, employment, offices, and very notion of fenfe and understanding, are, in all refpećts, different: the one converfant only about particulars; the other about univerfals: the one incapable of determining any thing about truth or real exiftence; and the other employed entirely about this: the one not difcerning, but fuffering, and fignifying moft properly a mode of pleafure, or pain, or of consciousness involuntarily produced in the foul; the other, not properly suffering, but difcerning, and fignifying the foul's power of furveying and examining all objects, ideas, and things, and of taking notice of their relations, and natures; which power, perhaps, can hardly be better defined, than by calling it, in Plato's language, that in the foul to which belongs xarannis T, or the apprehénfion of what abfolutely 1s, or is NOT. But in order farther to fhew how little a way mere fenfe can go, and how far we are dependent on our higher reasonable powers for many of our most obvious and fundamental ideas, our Author proceeds to inftance in folidity, the inactivity of mat LI 2 ter, |