LIST OF AUTHORS.

ILLUSTRATED ARTICLES.

ANTHRAX or charbon, Baker: fig. 1, color-plate showing external lesion on the neck; fig. 2, appearance of the intestine in a case of anthrax without external lesion, printed in colors

BRAIN:

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Congenital mental defect with delusions of suspicion in twins, McDowall: figs. 1, 2, the twins.

Endothelial tumor of the dura mater, M'Dowall: fig. 1, appearance of the brain;
fig. 2, microscopic section of the tumor.
General Paralysis with Pachymeningitis, Savage: color-plate showing post-mortem
appearance of the brain...

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Hemisection of the spinal cord, Ferrier: section of the spinal cord of a monkey magnified, 12 diameters

Position of the fissure of Rolando, etc., Hare: fig. 1, cut of brain showing the

measurements

Studies of postures as indicative of the condition of the mind, as illustrated in works of art, Warner: fig. 1, nervous hand; fig. 2, energetic hand; fig. 3, outline of a Greek representation of a feast of Bacchus; fig. 4, the Cain in the Pitti gallery, Florence; fig. 5, hand in fright; fig. 6, Hercules at rest

The sensorial localisations in the cortex cerebri, Luciani: figs. A to D show the visual, auditory, olfactory and tactile spheres FLAT-FOOT-the anatomy of acquired, Symington: fig. 1, view of the dorsum of the foot to show displacement of the astragalus; fig. 2, view of the dorsum of the same foot after removal of astragalus

GENITAL, ETC. (MALE):

Abnormal conditions of the reproductive organs of the frog, Marshall: figs, I to
13, illustrate the anatomy of the parts
Action and use of diuretics, Brunton: fig. 1, diagram showing the urinary
tubules in different classes of animals; fig. 2, diagram of the circulation in the
kidney of the newt.; fig. 3, diagrammatic sketch of the blood-vessels in a
mammalian kidney; fig. 4, diagram of the tubules and vascular supply of the
kidney....

Action and use of diuretics, continued: fig. 1, curves showing effect of erythrophleum
upon the blood pressure and secretion of the urine; fig. 2, diagram to show the
parts of the secreting apparatus of the kidney.......
Extraordinary and probably unique case of stone in the bladder, Patterson: cut
showing stone natural size..

Malposition of the kidneys, Newman: fig. 1, electric lamp and handle; figs. 2 and
3, bladder speculum opened and closed
Pathology of suppurative inflammations of the kidney, Steven: fig. 3, section of
wall of bladder; fig. 4, section of wall of ureter; fig. 5, section showing a
localized patch of inflammation in wall of bladder; fig. 6, section of kidney
showing smail abscess; fig. 7, section of kidney showing large colony of rod-
shaped organisms; figs. 8, to II, appearance shown in a healthy kidney in
various sections, after injections from the ureter with Prussian blue...
Surgical treatment of congential, abnormalities of the rectum, Thomas: figs. A, B, C, D,
show stages of Rizzoli's operation ...

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GYNECOLOGY: Cases in the Buchanan ward under Prof. Simpson 1883-4, Ballantyne: color-plates; fig. I, section of wall of dilated fallopian tube from a case of hæmato-salpinx, stained picro-carmine; fig. 2, section of epithelioma of right labium majus : stained logwood; fig. 3, section of recurrent fibroid of cervix uteri, removed April, 1883; stained logwood; fig. 4, section of similar tumor removed from the same place in Nov.; stained logwood.

ᎻᎬᎪᎡᎢ ; Malformations in their relation to the pathology of cyanosis, Newman: fig. 1, the heart of embryo at about the 15th day; fig. 2, the bulbus arteriosus with five pairs of aortic arches; fig. 3, course of the foetal circulation: figs. 4, 5, 6, 3 hearts, full size..

Case of patent ductus arteriosus, with aneurism of pulmonary artery, Foulis: fig. 1, the heart with its large blood vessels; fig. 2, diseased cusps of the pulmonary valve; fig. 3, the heart so dissected as to present to view the right ventricle, conus arteriosus, and pulmonary artery as one tube: fig. 4, a portion of the ascending transverse, and descending aorta seen from behind

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OBSTETRICS :

Labor in Central Africa, Felkin: figs. I to 22, illustrate the various modes of delivery among the natives of Africa: fig. 17, Cæsarian section: fig. 18, method of stitching the wound after operation

The couveuse for children, Auvard: fig, I, front view of couveuse used in hospital; fig. 2, side view of bath; fig. 3. view of top of bath; fig. 4, new couveuse for home use; fig. 5, interior view of new couveuse; fig. 6, enlarged view of stone bottle

OPHTHALMOLOGY:

Diseases of the eye and their remedies, Jacob: fig. 1, the parts of the eye; fig. 2,
simple conjunctivitis; fig. 3, sclerotic vascularity; fig. 4, lid chemosis; fig. 5,
ocular chemosis; fig. 6, convexed edged bistoury: fig. 7. phlyctenular
conjunctivitis.

Diseases of the eye, continued: fig. 1, “Sago-grain" granulation: fig. 2, Walton spud;
fig. 3, burn of conjunctiva; fig. 4, entropion; fig. 5, pterygium tenue: fig. 6,
excision of the pterygium; fig. 7, ligature of the pterygium; fig. 8, sym-
blepharon; fig. 9, Teale's operation for symblepharon......... -
Diseases of the eye, continued: fig. I, section through cornea and conjunctiva.
Diseases of the eye, continued: fig. 1, corneal abscess-onyx and hypopion; fig. 2
tapping of corneal abscess, hypopion; fig. 3, indolent corneal ulcer; fig. 4,
staphyloma cornea; fig. 5, staphyloma and keratocele; fig. 6, keratocele; fig.
7, hernia iridis, figs. 8, 9. staphyloma racemosum.
Operations for internal and external squint, Taylor: fig. 6, portraits showing before
and after operation

ORGANISMS:

Cholera and its Bacillus, Koch: fig. 1, section of the mucous membrane of a cholera-intestine; fig. 2, preparation from the contents of cholera-intestine ; fig. 3, cholera-dejecta on damp linen; fig. 4, a pure culture of the comma bacillus ; figs. 5, 6, 7, colonies of the comma bacillus in test-tube and on gelatine

Comma Bacillus of Cholera, Babès: various forms of the "comma" bacillus.. Inoperable carcinoma mammæ, erysipelas inoculation, Janicke and Neisser fig. I, masses of bacteria; fig. 2, cancer nest and micrococci; fig. 3, cocci chains and nodes

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Micrococci in Relation to Wounds, Abscesses and Septic Processes, Cheyne: figs.
1, 2, 3. show method of making cultivations in gasses; figs. 4, to 12, sections
of kidney magnified, showing micrococci; fig. 13, section of wall of the
ventricle of the heart, showing micrococci
Micrococcus of Pneumonia, Bricon: figs. 1 to 6, microscopic views of the bacillus
and micrococcus found in the blood and sputa
Micro-organisms and disease, Klein: fig. 1, incubator with Page's regulator; fig. 2,
Bunsen burner; fig. 3, flask containing sterile stock fluid; fig. 4, hot air
chambers for sterilizing test-tubes; fig. 5, beaker containing plugged culture
tubes; fig. 6, glass cell for observing the growth of micro-organisms; fig. 7,
micrococci of putrid human sputum ; fig. 8, enlarged view of micrococci; fig. 9,
chains of micrococci: fig. 10, giant micrococci from sputum; fig. 11, sarcina-
micrococci from an artificial cultivation; fig. 12, micrococcus cyaneus.
Micro-organisms and disease, continued: fig. 1, ascococcus; figs. 2 to 12, various
forms of micrococci found in scarlatina, diseased liver of a mouse, infantile
diarrhoea, small-pox, sheep-pox, diphtheria, gonorrhoea, pyæmia and septicæmia;
figs. 13, 14, bacterium termo; fig. 15, bacterium lineola; fig. 16, bacterium
lactis; figs. 17, 18, bacteria of septicæmia; figs. 19, 20, 21, 22, bacillus subtilis_207
Micro-organisms and disease, continued: figs. 1, 2, bacillus subtilis (hay-bacillus);
fig. 3, germination of spores into bacilli; fig. 4, bacillus ulna in the liver; fig.
5, steptothrix Foersteri; figs. 6, 7, cladothrix dichotoma; fig. 8, bacillus
butyricus; fig. 9, bacillus syncyanus; figs. 10, 11, 12, bacilli seen in septicæmia;
fig. 13, bacillus of typhoid fever; figs. 14, 15, bacilli seen in a case of meat-
poisoning; fig. 16, bacilli taken from ulcerative stomat.tis of a calf; fig. 17,
bacillus of glanders; figs. 18, 19, bacilli of swine plague; fig. 20 to 23, bacillus
of leprosy; fig. 24, bacillus of Koch's malignant oedema; figs. 25 to 32, bacilli
of anthrax; figs. 33 to 36, bacilli of tuberculosis...

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ORGANISMS-Continued:

Micro-organisms and disease, continued: figs 1, 2, bacilli in the kidney of a case of artificial tuberculosis; fig. 3, from the juice of lupus tissue; figs, 4, 5, 6, vibrio rugula and serpens; figs. 7, 8, 9, spirillum tenue, undula and volutans; figs. 10, II, blood of relapsing fever; figs. 12, 13, torula or saccharomyces; fig. 14, oidium lactis; fig. 15, fungi from a favus patch; fig. 16, aspergillus glaucus; fig. 17. e. perithecium; fig. 18, section of kidney showing spores, etc.; fig. 19, saprolegnia of salmon disease; figs. 20, 21, actinomyces.... SORE THROAT in children, Ashby: charts 1, 2, 3, showing temperature in tonsillitis and scarlet fever

SURGERY:

Abdominal section as part of the surgical treatment of some diseases of the abdominal organs; Nairne: fig. 1, clamp; fig. 2, clamp; fig. 3, Koberle's forceps modified; fig. 4, modified ecraseur, fig. 5, Staffordshire Knot... Abdominal section continued: fig. 1, Tait's ovariotomy trocar ;

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fig. 2, Wells' ovariotomy trocar; fig. 3, Wells' small trocar; figs 4, 5, 6, Tait's wire clamps and screw key

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Prognosis and treatment of mutilations of the hand, Guermonprez: figs. I to 28 illustrate the value and uses of small portions of the hand left after partial amputations

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Trephining in mastoid and tympanic disease, Wheeler: color-plate giving 6 illustra-
tions of the internal and external surfaces of the bones removed...
Ambulance movement in Scotland, Whitson: stretcher used in Newcastle-on-Tyne.-399

NEW YORK MEDICAL ABSTRACT.

Vol. IV.

JANUARY, 1884.

THE COUVEUSE FOR CHILDREN.

BY A. AUVARD,

Translated for the MEDICAL ABSTRACT.

THE couveuse (brooding-hen), or nursing-box for children, was introduced into the Maternité in 1881 by M. Tarnier. To describe this apparatus, the mode of using it, its influence upon the temp., pulse and resp. of the newly-born child, and to compare its effects with those of the prolonged or permanent bath, is the object of this paper.

No. I.

The water, as it becomes heated, passes by the upper tube into the reservoir and is at once replaced by an equal quantity which enters the syphon by the lower tube. A current is thus established through the entire mass of water in the reservoir, and its temp. rises progressively to the degree of heat desired. During the cold season, the lamp may be lighted three times a day and allowed to burn about two hours on each occasion. It should be extinguished as soon as the temp. in the upper compartment arrives at about two degrees centigrade below the temp. desired. The temp. is ascertained by placing a thermometer beside the child, its degree being easily seen through the glass top of the box. In the warm season the lamp need not be lighted oftener than twice a day.

In a private house the thermo-syphon is a good method for heating; but in a Maternité, or lying-in asylum, there is some danger that the apparatus may be allowed to fall below the

cost the infant its life. To avoid such accidents, we may, instead of lighting the thermosyphon, draw a pail of water from the reservoir and replace it, morning and evening, by a like quantity of boiling water, adding an additional pailful in very cold weather. Water is introduced by means of a funnel which fits an aperture in the top of the thermo-syphon. In this way a temp. may be obtained of 29 to 31° during the first two hours; in 12 hours it will fall to about 25 or 26° (77-78.8 F.)

These nursing-boxes or couveuses, of the Paris Maternité, as made according to the directions of M. Tarnier, consist of a wooden box having double walls from 0,10 to 0,12 cent. thick, the interstices of which are filled with sawdust. This box is 0,85 cent. long; 0,70 cent. wide and, including the pedestal, 0,95 cent. high. It is divided horizontally into two equal compartments. The lower one contains a reservoir of hot water; the upper portion is designed to receive the basket contain-required temp., although such negligence might ing the child's bed. The metal case which constitutes the reservoir, nearly fills the lower compartment. It is 0,58 cent. long; 0,40 cent. wide, and 0,31 high, and will hold about 71 litres. Between the walls of the reservoir and those of the box, there is an open space of from two to three cent. for the circulation of air which, coming from below, rises into the upper compartment of the box and escapes by orifices made in its cover. A thermo-syphon and a faucet are fitted to the reservoir, the latter being used to empty it. The upper compartment is 0,62 long; 0,45 wide, and 0,31 high; it has a capacity of 86,490 c.c. This part is separated from the lower by an open-work partition, so that there may be a free passage of air between them. The upper part of the box has two openings. That in the top of the box measures 0,38 by 0,55 cent. and is closed by a double, movable cover of glass; the other takes in nearly all of one side of the compartment so as to permit the easy removal of the basket containing the child. It is closed by an ordinary door. There are four round holes in the top of the box, having a diameter of 0,02 cent. each for the exit of the air which, entering between the box and its pedestal, rises between its sides and the hot-water reservoir, and penetrates the upper compartment (Fig. 1).

At first, the temp. of the couveuse is maintained at 34 and even 35; the average is about 30, and it is this degree, as far as we know at present, which gives the best results. At the same time this is a purely arbitrary figure which may be modified by ulterior observations. Dr. Pinard of the hospital Lariboisière, prefers 34, having observed that at this degree the extremities of infants born before term did not become cold, as compared with the rest of the body. Dr. Budin of the Charité, introduced a couveuse similar to the one described, but in which the heat was applied continuously and kept equable by means of a regulator. An electric alarm bell was added to warn the nurses if the temp. became too elevated.

The proper alimentation of a child placed in the couveuse has much to do with saving his To heat the water, it is only necessary to life. At the Maternité all children sufficiently light the lamp placed under the thermo-syphon. | robust to take the breast, are given to a nurse,