are known only from having, in the Marcomannic war, opposed a body of invading Astings, and, having so done, contracted an alliance with Rome. [R. G. L.] LACTA'RIUS MONS (гáλактos opos: Monte S. Angelo), was the name given by the Romans to a mountain in the neighbourhood of Stabiae in Campania. It was derived from the circumstance that the mountain abounded in excellent pastures, which were famous for the quality of the milk they produced; on which account the mountain was resorted to by invalids, especially in cases of consumption, for which a milk diet was considered particularly beneficial. (Cassiod. Ep. xi. 10; Galen, de Meth. Med. v. 12.) It was at the foot of this mountain that Narses obtained a great victory over the Goths under Teïas in A. D. 553, in which the Gothic king was slain. (Procop. B. G. iv. 35, 36.) The description of the Mons Lactarius, and its position with regard to Stabiae, leave no doubt that it was a part of the mountain range which branches off from the Apennines near Nocera (Nuceria), and separates the Bay of Naples from that of Paestum. The nighest point of this range, the Monte S. Angelo, attains a height of above 5000 feet; the whole range is calcareous, and presents beautiful forests, as well as abundant pastures. The name of Lettere, still borne by a town on the slope of the mountain side, a little above Stabiae, is evidently a relic of the ancient name. [E. H. B.] LACTORA, in Gallia Aquitania, is placed by the Antonine Itin. on the road between Aginnum (Agen) and Climberrum (Auch), and 15 Gallic leagues from each. The distance and name correspond to the position and name of Lectoure. Several Roman inscriptions have been discovered with the name Lactorates, and Civitas Lactorensium; but the place is not mentioned by any extant writer. [G. L.] LACUS FELICIS, a place in Noricum, on the south of the Danube, 25 miles west of Arelape, and 20 miles east of Laureacum (It. Ant. pp. 246, 248). | According to the Not. Imper., where it is called Lacufelicis, it was the head-quarters of Norican horse archers. It is now generally identified with the town of Niederwallsee, on the Danube. [L.S.] LACYDON. [MASSILIA.] LADE (Aάon), the largest of a group of small islands in the Sinus Latmicus, close by Miletus, and opposite the mouth of the Maeander. It was a protection to the harbours of Miletus, but in Strabo's time it was one of the haunts and strongholds of pirates. Lade is celebrated in history for the naval defeat sustained there by the Ionians against the Persians in B. C. 494. (Herod. vi. 8; Thucyd. viii. 17, 24; Strab. xiv. p. 635; Paus. i. 35. § 6; Steph. B. s. v.; Plin. v. 37.) That the island was not quite uninhabited, is clear from Strabo, and from the fact of Stephanus B. mentioning the ethnic form of the name, Λαδαῖος. [L. S.] LADICUS, a mountain of Gallaecia, the name of which occurs in ancient inscriptions, and is still preserved in that of the Codos de Ladoco, near Montefurado on the Sil. (Florez, Esp. S. vol. xv. p. 63; Ukert, vol. ii. pt. 1. p. 278.) [P.S.] LADOCEIA (rà Aadókeiα), a place in Arcadia, in the district Maenalia, and, after the building of Megalopolis, a suburb of that city, was situated upon the road from the latter to Pallantium and Tegea. Here a battle was fought between the Mantineians and Tegeatae, B. C. 423, and between the Achaeans and Cleomenes, B. C. 226. Thucydides calls it Laodicium (Aaodíkov) in Oresthis. (Paus. viii. 44. § 1; Thuc. iv. 134; Pol. ii. 51, 55.) [ORESTHASIUM.] LADON (Aaðúv). 1. A river of Elis, flowing into the Peneius. [ELIS, p. 817, a.] 2. A river of Arcadia, flowing into the Alpheius. [ALPHEIUS.] LAEAEI (Aalaĵo), a Paeonian tribe in Macedonia, included within the dominion of Sitalces, probably situated to the E. of the Strymon. (Thuc. ii. 96.) [E. B. J.] LAÉAETA'NI or LEÉTA'NI (Λαιαιτανοί, Ptol. | [L. S.] LAE'LIA (Aaλia, Ptol. ii. 4. § 12: Aracnea or El Berrocal), an inland city of the Turdetani, in the W. of Hispania Baetica, not far from Italica, is one of the Spanish cities of which we have several coins, belonging to the period of its independence, as well as to the early Roman empire. Their types are, an armed horseman, at full speed, with ears of corn, boughs, and palm-trees. (Florez, Esp. S. vol. xii. pp. 256-258; Med. vol. ii. p. 489, vol. iii. p. 92; Mionnet, vol. i. p. 19, Suppl. vol. i. p. 35; Sestini, Med. pp. 20, 65; Num. Goth.; Eckhel, vol. i. p. 25; Ukert, vol. ii. pt. 1. p. 373.) [P.S.] LAEPA (Lepe, near Ayamonte), a city of the Turdetani, on the coast of Baetica, a little E. of the mouth of the Anas (Guadalquivir : Mela, iii. 1; | comp. Plin. iii. 1. s. 3, where, however, the reading is doubtful; Bell. Alex. 57, where Laepam should probably be substituted for the MS. readings of Leptim or Leptum; Florez, Esp. S. vol. x. p. 45, vol. xii. pp. 56, 57; Ukert, vol. ii. pt. 1. p. 339. This place must not be confounded with Ptolemy's LAEPA, which is only a various reading for ILIPA). [P.S.] LAERON FL. [GALLAECIA.] LAESTRY'GONES (Aaiтpvyóves), a fabulous people of giants, who are mentioned by Homer in the Odyssey (x. 80-132), and described as governed by a king named Lamus. They were a pastoral people, but had a city (ǎσTv) which Homer calls | AaιoTpvyovin, with a port, and a fountain named Artacia. It may well be doubted whether Homer meant to assign any definite locality to this people, any more than to the Cyclopes; but later Greek writers did not fail to fix the place of their abode, though opinions were much divided on the subject. The general tradition, as we learn from Thucydides (vi. 2), placed them in Sicily, though that historian | wisely declares his total ignorance of everything concerning them. Other writers were less cautious; some fixed their abodes in the W. or NW. part of the island, in the country subsequently occupied by the Elymi (Lycophr. Alex. 956); but the more prevalent opinion, at least in later times, seems to have been that they dwelt in the neighbourhood of Leontini, whence the name of LAESTRYGONII CAMPI was given to the fertile plain in the neighbourhood of that city. (Strab. i. p. 20; Plin. iii. 8. s. 14; Tzetz. ad Lycophr. 662, 956; Sil. Ital. xiv. 126.) A wholly different tradition, with the origin of which we are unacquainted, but which is very generally adopted by Roman writers, represented Formiae on the coast of Italy as the abode of the Laestrygones, and the city of their king Lamus. The noble family of the Lamiae, in the days of Augustus, even pretended to derive their descent from the mythical king of the Laestrygones. (Cic. ad Att. ii. 13; Hor. Carm. iii. 17; Plin. iii. 5. s. 9; Sil. Ital. vii. 410.) [E.H.B.] LAEVI or LAÏ (Ado1), a tribe of Cisalpine Gauls, who dwelt near the sources of the river Padus. This is the statement of Polybius (ii. 17), who associates them with the Libicii (Aegértot), and says that the two tribes occupied the part of the plains of Cisalpine Gaul nearest to the sources of the Padus, and next to them came the Insubres. He distinctly reckons them among the Gaulish tribes who had crossed the Alps and settled in the plains of Northern Italy: on the other hand, both Livy and Pliny call them Ligurians. (Liv. v. 35; Plin. iii. 17. s. 21.) The reading in the passage of Livy is, indeed, very uncertain; but he would appear to agree with Pliny in placing them in the neighbourhood of Ticinum. Pliny even ascribes the foundation of that city to the Laevi, in conjunction with the Marici, a name otherwise wholly unknown, but apparently also a Ligurian tribe. There can be no doubt that in this part of Italy tribes of Gaulish and Ligurian origin were very much intermixed, and probably the latter were in many cases confounded with the Gauls. [LIGURIA.] LAGANIA (Aayavía), a village of the Tectosagae in Galatia, 24 miles to the east of Juliopolis. It is not mentioned by any of the classical writers, but it must afterwards have increased in importance, for during the Christian period, it was the see of a bishop, and took the name of Anastasiopolis (Concil. Chalc. p. 662, and p. 95, where the name is misspelt Auravía; Itin. Ant. p. 142, where the name is Laganeos; It. Hieros. p. 574, where we read Agannia). There is little doubt that the Latania in Ptolemy (v. 1. § 14) and the Rheganagalia of Hierocles (p. 697) are the same as Lagania (comp. Theod. Syc. c. 2). Kiepert, in his map of Asia Minor, identifies it with Beg Basar. [L. S.] LAGA'RIA (Λαγαρία: Eth. Λαγαριτανός, Lagarinus), a small town of Lucania, situated between Thurii and the river Sybaris; which, according to the commonly received legend, was founded by a colony of Phocians under the command of Epeius, the architect of the wooden horse. (Strab. vi. p. 263; Lycophr. Alex. 930; Tzetz. ad loc.) Strabo, the only geographical writer who mentions it, calls it only a fortress (ppoúpiov), and it was probably never a place of any importance; though deriving some celebrity in after times from the excellence of its wine, which was esteemed one of the best in Italy. (Strab. I. c.; Plin. xiv. 6. s. 8.) The statement of Strabo, above quoted, is the only clue to its position, which cannot therefore be determined with any certainty. Cluverius placed it at Nocara, about 10 miles from the sea, and this conjecture (for it is nothing more) has been adopted by Romanelli. The wines of this neighbourhood are said still to prese: ve their ancient reputation. (Cluver. Ital. p. 1272 · Romanelli, vol. i. p. 248.) [E. H. B.] LAGECUM. [LEGEOLIUM.] LAGINA (¬à Äάywa), a place in the territory of Stratoniceia, in Caria, contained a most splendid temple of Hecate, at which every year great festivals were celebrated. (Strab. xiv. p. 660.) Tacitus (Ann. iii. 62), when speaking of the worship of Trivia among the Stratoniceians, evidently means Hecate. The name of Lagina is still preserved in the village of Lakena, not far from the sources of the Tshina. Laginia, mentioned by Steph. B. as a Toλixviov Kapías, seems to be the same as the Lagina of Strabo. [L. S.] LAGNI (Mayvi), a town of the Arevacae, in Hispania Tarraconensis, mentioned only by Diodorus Siculus (Excerpt. vol. ii. p. 596). [P.S.] LAGOS, a town in Phrygia, on the north-east of Mandropolis. (Liv. xxxviii. 15.) The town is mentioned only by Livy in his account of the progress of the Roman consul Cn. Manlius in Asia Minor, when Lagos was found deserted by its inhabitants, but well provided with stores of every description, whence we may infer that it was a town of some consequence. [L. S.] LAGU'SA (Λάγουσα, Λαγοῦσσα), an island in the Aegaean sea, the name of which occurs in Strabo between those of Sicinus and Pholegandrus. Hence it is probably the same as Kardiótissa, a rocky islet between the two latter islands. But Kiepert in his map, identifies it with Polyaegus. (Strab. x. p. 484 Steph. B. s. v.; Eustath. ad Il. ii. 625, p. 306.) LAGU'SA (Aάyovσa), one of a group of small islands in the bay of Telmissus in Lycia, 5 stadia from Telmissus, and 80 from Cissidae. (Plin. v. 35; Steph. B. s. r.; Stadiasm. Mar. Mag. § 226, foll.) This island is generally considered to be the same as the modern Panagia di Cordialissa. [L. S.] LAGUSSAE, a group of small islands off the coast of Troy, to the north of Tenedos (Plin. v. 38; comp. Eustath. ad Hom. Il. ii. p. 306). Their modern name is Taochan Adassi. [L. S.] LAISH, the more ancient name of Dan. [DAN.] LALASIS (Aaλarís, Ptol. v. 8. § 6, where some MSS. have Aaλarís), a district in Cilicia, extending along Mount Taurus, above the district called Selentis. Pliny (v. 23) also mentions a town Lalasis in Isauria, and this town accordingly seems to have been the capital of the district Lalasis, which may have extended to the north of Mount Taurus. It is probable, moreover, that the Isaurian town of Lalisanda, mentioned by Stephanus B., and which, he says, was in his day called Dalisanda, is the same as Lalasis; and if so, it is identical with the Dalisanda of Hierocles (p. 710). Basilius of Seleucia informs us that the town stood on a lofty height, but was well provided with water, and not destitute of other advantages. (Wesseling, ad Hierocl. L. c.). From all these circumstances, we might be inclined to consider the reading Aaλaoís in Ptolemy the correct one, were it not that the coins of the place all bear the inscription Aaλaσσéwv. (Sestini, p. 96.) [L. S.] LALENESIS (Aaλnveσís or Aadowepis, Ptol. v. LALETA'NI. [LAEËTANI.] LAMBE'SE (Itin. Ant. pp. 32, 33, 34, 40: Tab Peut.; Aáμ¤aîσa, Ptol. iv. 3. § 29; LAMBAESA, Inscr.; Lambaese, Augustin. adv. Donat. vi. 13; Lambesitana Colonia, Cyprian. Epist. 55: Lemba or Tezzout, large Ru.), one of the most important cities in the interior of Numidia, belonging to the Massylii. It lay near the confines of Mauretania, at the W. foot of M. Aurasius (Jebel Auress), 102 M. P. from SITIFI, 118 from THEVESTE, and 84 from CIRTA. It was the station of an entire legion, the Legio III. Augusta (Aeyeíwv tpitη oebaotŃ, Ptol. . c.; and Inscr.). Its importance is attested by its magnificent ruins, among which are seen the remains of an amphitheatre, a temple of Aesculapius, a triumphal arch, and other buildings, enclosed by a wall, in the circuit of which 40 gates have been traced, 15 of them still in a good state of preservation. The silence of Procopius respecting such a city seems to imply that it had been destroyed before the age of Justinian. (Shaw, Travels, p. 57; Bruce; Peysonnel; Pellissier, Exploration Scientifique de l'Algérie, vol. vi. pp. 388, 389.) [P.S.] LAMBRI'ACA or LAMBRI'CA, a town of the Callaïci Lucenses in Gallaecia, near the confluence of the rivers Laeron and Ulla, not far from ElPadron. (Mela, iii. 1. § 8; Ukert, vol. ii. pt. 1. p. 439.) [P. S.] LAMETI'NI (Aauntivo), a city of Bruttium, mentioned only by Stephanus of Byzantium (s. v.), on the authority of Hecataeus, who added that there was a river also of the name of LAMETUS (Aάμntos). We find this again alluded to by Lycophron. (Alex. 1085.) There can be no doubt that this is the stream still called Lamato, which flows into the gulf of Sta. Eufemia: and this is confirmed by the authority of Aristotle, who gives to that gulf, otherwise known as the SINUS TERINAEUS or HIPPONIATES, the name of the LAMETINE GULF (å Aaμntos KÓλπos, Arist. Pol. vii. 10). Hence there can be little doubt that the city of Lametini also was situated on the shores of the same bay, La-though Stephanus vaguely calls it "near Crotona." (Steph. B. I. c.) No other writer mentions the name (which is evidently an ethnic form like Leontini), and it is probable that the town was destroyed or sunk into a dependent condition at an early period. An inscription, which records it as an existing municipal town in the time of Trajan, is almost certainly spurious. (Mommsen, Inscr. Regn. Neap. App. No. 936.) It is generally supposed to have been situated either at or near the modern village of Sta. Eufemia, but this is mere conjecture. [E.H.B] LAMASBA (Itin. Ant. pp. 35, ter, 40: masbua, Tab. Peut.), a city of the Massylii, in the interior of Numidia, near the confines of Mauretania, 62 M. P. from SITIFI, and 62 from TAMUGADI. Lapie and D'Avezac identify it with Ain-Hazel, at the N. foot of the mountains of the Welled-Abd-enNour; but its site seems to agree better with the considerable ruins at Baitna, on the S. of those mountains, and W. of the M. Aurasius (JebelAuress: Shaw, Travels, &c. p. 52; Pellissier, Exploration Scientifique de l'Algérie, vol. vi. p. 389). [P.S.] LA'MIA (Aauía: Eth. Aapieús: Zitúni), a town LAMBER or LAMBRUS, a river of Northern of the Malienses, though afterwards separated from Italy, in Gallia Transpadana, noticed by Pliny them, situated in the district Phthiotis in Thessaly. ainong the affluents of the Padus which join that river Strabo describes Lamia as situated above the plain on its left or northern bank. (Plin. iii. 19. s. 23.) which lies at the foot of the Maliac gulf, at the It is still called the Lambro, and rises in a small distance of 30 stadia from the Spercheius, and lake called the Lago di Pusiano (the Eupilis Lacus 50 stadia from the sea (ix. pp. 433, 435). Livy of Pliny), from whence it flows within 3 miles of says that it was placed on a height distant Milan, and enters the Po about midway between the seven miles from Heracleia, of which it comTicino and the Adda. Sidonius Apollinaris con-manded the prospect (xxxvi. 25), and on the route trasts its stagnant and weedy stream (ulvosum Lambrum) with the blue waters of the Addua. (Ep. i. 5.) The Tabula as well as the Geographer of Ravenna give a town of the name of Lambrum, of which no trace is found elsewhere. It is probably a corruption of a station, Ad Lambruin, at the passage of the river of that name, though the Tabula erroneously transfers it to the S. side of the Padus. (Tab. Peut.; Geogr. Rav. iv. 30.) [E. H. B.] which led from Thermopylae through the passes of Phthiotis to Thaumaci (xxxii. 4). Strabo further relates that it was subject to earthquakes (i. p. 60). Lamia is celebrated in history on account of the war which the Athenians and the confederate Greeks carried on against Antipater in B. C. 323. Antipater was at first unsuccessful, and took refuge in Lamia, where he was besieged for some time by the allies. From this circumstance this contest is usually called the Lamian war. Having afterwards received succours from Craterus, Antipater retreated northwards, and defeated the allies at the battle of Crannon in the following year. (Diod. xviii. 9, seq.; Polyb. ix. 29.) In B. c. 208 Philip, son of Demetrius, deteated the Aetolians near Lamia, (Liv. xxvii. 30.) In 192 Lamia opened its gates to Antiochus (Liv. xxxv. 43), and was in consequence besieged in the following year by Philip, who was then acting in conjunction with the Romans. (Liv. xxxvi. 25.) On this occasion Livy mentions the difficulty which the Macedonians experienced in mining the rock, which was siliceous ("in asperis locis silex saepe impenetrabilis ferro occurrebat"). In 190 the town was taken by the Romans. (Liv. xxxvii. 4, 5.) Lamia is mentioned by Pliny (iv. 7. s. 14), and was also in existence in the sixth century. (Hierocl. p. 642, ed. Wesseling.) The site of Lamia is fixed at Zitúni, both by the description of the ancient writers of the position of Lamia, and by an inscription which Paul Lucas copied at this place. Zitúni is situated on a hill, and is by nature a strongly fortified position. The only remains of the ancient city which Leake discovered were some pieces of the walls of the Acropolis, forming a part of those of the modern castle, and some small remains of the town walls at the foot of the hill, beyond the extreine modern houses to the eastward. On the opposite side of the town Leake noticed a small river, which, we learn from Strabo (ix. p. 434, 450), was called Achelous. The port of Malia was named PHALARA (τà ÞάAapa, Strab. ix. p. 435; Polyb. xx. 11; Liv. xxvii. 30, xxxv. 43; Plin. iv. 7. s. 12), now Stylidha. Zitúni has been compared to Athens, with its old castle, or acropolis, above, and its Peiraceus at Stylidha, on the shore below. There is a fine view from the castle, commanding the whole country adjacent to the head of the Maliac gulf. (Lucas, Voyage dans la Grèce, vol. i. p. 405; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. ii. p. 2; Stephani, Reise, fc. p. 39.) LAMIACUS SINUS (8 Aaμandя KÓλжOя), a name given by Pausanias to the Maliac gulf, from the important town of Lamia. (Paus. i. 4. § 3, vii. 15. § 2, x. 1. § 2.) In the same way the gulf is now called Zitúni, which is the modern name of Lamia. LAMI'NIUM (Aaμíviov: Eth. Laminitani: near Fuenllana, between Montiel and Alcaraz), a town of the Carpetani (according to Ptolemy, though some suppose it to have belonged rather to the Oretani), in Hispania Tarraconensis. It was a stipendiary town of the conventus of New Carthage, and stood on the high road from Emerita to Caesaraugusta. The river ANAS (Guadiana) rose in the lands of Laminium, 7 M. P. E. of the town. (Plin. iii. 1. s. 2, 3. s. 4; Itin. Ant. pp. 445, 446; Ptol. ii. 6. § 57; Inser. ap. Florez, Esp. S. vol. iv. p. 38, vol. v. pp. 22, 122, vol. vii. p. 140, Ukert, vol. ii. pt. 1. p. 411: in Plin. xxxvi. 21. 8. 47, where Pliny speaks of the whetstones found in Hither Spain as Cotes Flaminitanae, Ukert supposes we ought to read Cotes Laminitanac.) [P. S.] LAMO'TIS (Auμŵτis), a district on the eastern coast of Cilicia Aspera, between the rivers Calycadnus and Lamus. Its capital bore the name of Lamus, from which that of the district was derived. (Ptol. v. 8. § 6; comp. LAMUS.) [L. S.] LAMPAS (Aаμmás), a harbour on the E. coast of the Tauric Chersonese, 800 stadia from Theodosia, and 220 stadia from Criu-Metopon. (Arrian, Peripl. p. 20; Anon. Peripl. p. 6.) Arrian uses the two names Lampas and Halmitis as if they belonged to the same place, but the Anonymous Coast-describer speaks of Lampas alone. Halmitis probably took its name from being a place for salting fish. The name is preserved in the places now called BioukLambat and Koutchouk-Lambat, Tartar villages at the end of a bay defended by the promontory of Plaka, near which ancient ruins have been found. (Dubois de Montpereux, Voyage autour du Caucase, vol. v. p. 713, vol. vi. p. 460; Rennell, Compar. Geog. vol. ii. p. 340.) [E. B. J.] LAMPATAE or LAMPAGAE (Λαμπάται οι Aaurayaι, Ptol. vii. 1. § 42), a small tribe who lived among the offshoots of the Imaus, in the NW. part of India, about the sources of the Choes (now Kameh), which is itself a tributary of the Kabul river. [V.] LAMPE (Aaμý), a town in Crete, also called Lappa. [LAPPA.] Besides this town Stephanus B. (s. v.) mentions two other towns of this name, otherwise unknown, one in Arcadia and the other in Argolis. LAMPEIA. [ERYMANTHUS.] LAMPONEIA OF LAMPONIUM (Λαμπώνεια, Aаμπúviov), an Aeolian town in the south-west of Troas, of which no particulars are known, except that it was annexed to Persia by the satrap Otanes in the reign of Darius Hystaspis. It is mentioned only by the earliest writers. (Herod. v. 26; Strab. xiii. p. 610; Steph. B. s. v.) [L. S.] LAMPRA [ATTICA, p. 331, a.] LAMPSACUS (Λάμψακος : Eth. Λαμψακηνός), sometimes also called Lampsacum (Cic. in Verr. i. 24; Pomp. Mela, i. 19), was one of the most celebrated Greek settlements in Mysia on the Hellespont. It was known to have existed under the name of Pityusa or Pityussa before it received colonists from the Ionian cities of Phocaea and Miletus. (Strab. xiii. p. 589; Steph. B. s. v.; Plin. v. 40; Hom. I. ii. 829; Plut. de Virt. Mul. 18.) It was situated, opposite to Callipolis, in the Thracian Chersonesus, and possessed an excellent harbour. Herodotus (vi. 37) relates that the elder Miltiades, who was settled in the Thracian Chersonesus, made war upon the Lampsaceni, but that they took him by surprise, and made him their prisoner. Being threatened, however, by Croesus, who supported Miltiades, they set him free. During the Ionian revolt, the town fell into the hands of the Persians. (Herod. v. 117.) The territory about Lampsacus produced excellent wine, whence the king of Persia bestowed it upon Themistocles, that he might thence provide himself with wine. (Thucyd. i. 138; Athen. i. p. 29; Diod. xi. 57; Plut. Them. 29; Nepos, Them. 10; Amm. Marc. xxii. 8.) But even while Lampsacus acknowledged the supremacy of Persia, it continued to be governed by a native prince or tyrant, of the name of Hippocles. His son Aeantides married Archedice, a daughter of Pisistratus, whose tomb, commemorating her virtues, was seen there in the time of Thucydides (vi. 59). The attempt of Enagon to seize the citadel, and thereby to make himself tyrant, seems to belong to the same period. (Athen. xi. p. 508.) After the battle of Mycale, in B. c. 479, Lampsacus joined Athens, but revolted after the failure of the great Athenian expedition to Sicily; being, however, unfortified, it was easily reconquered by a feet under Strombichides. (Thuc. viii. 62.) After the time of Alexander the Great, the Lampsaceni had to defend their city against the attacks of Antiochus of Syria; they voted a crown of gold to the Romans, and were received by them as allies. (Liv. xxxiii. 38, xxxv. 42, xliii. 6; Polyb. xxi. 10.) In the time of Strabo, Lampsacus was still a flourishing city. It was the birthplace of many distinguished authors and philosophers, such as Charon the historian, Anaximenes the orator, and Metrodorus the disciple of Epicurus, who himself resided there for many years, and reckoned some of its citizens among his intimate friends. (Strab. 1. c.; Diog. Laërt. x. 11.) Lampsacus possessed a fine statue by Lysippus, representing a prostrate lion, but it was removed by Agrippa to Rome to adorn the Campus Martius. (Strab. I. c.) Lampsacus, as is well known, was the chief seat of the obscene worship of Priapus, who was believed to have been born there of Aphrodite. (Athen. i. p. 30; Paus. ix. 31. § 2; Apollon. Rhod. i. 983; Ov. Fast. vi. 345; Virg. Georg. iv. 110.) From this circumstance the whole district was believed to have derived the name of Abarnis or Aparnis (arapveioba), because Aphrodite denied that she had given birth to him. (Theophr. Hist. Plant. i. 6, 13.) The ancient name of the district had been Bebrycia, probably from the Thracian Bebryces, who had settled there. (Comp. Hecat. Fragm. 207; Charon, Fragm. 115, 119; Xenoph. Anab. vii. 8. § 1; Polyb. v. 77; Plin. iv. 18, v. 40; Ptol. v. 2. § 2; Steph. B. s. v.) The name of Lamsaki is still attached to a small town, near which Lampsacus probably stood, as Lamsaki itself contains no remains of antiquity. There are gold and silver staters of Lampsacus in different collections; the imperial coins have been traced from Augustus to Gallienus. (Sestini, Mon. Vet. p. 73.) [L. COIN OF LAMPSACUS. S.] LAMPSUS, a town of Histiaeotis in Thessaly, on the borders of Athamania. (Liv. xxxii. 14.) LAMPTRA. [ATTICA, p. 331, a.] LAMUS (Aduos), a village of Cilicia, at the mouth of the river Lamus, from which the whole district derived the name of Lamotis. The river is mentioned by Stephanus B. (from Alexander Polyhistor), and both the river and the village by Strabo (xiv. p. 671) and Ptolemy (v. 8. §§ 4, 6). The river, which is otherwise of no importance, formed the boundary between Cilicia Aspera and Cilicia Propria, and still bears the name of Lamas or Lamuzo. About the village of Lamus no particulars are known. (Comp. Nonnus, Dionys. xxiv. 50; Hierocl. p. 709.) [L S.] LAMYRON (Aauvpúr), a great harbour near Cape Heraclium, on the coast of Pontus, not far from Themiscyra. (Anonym. Peripl. Pont. Eux. p. 10.) [L. S.] LANCE (Itin. Ant. p. 395), or LA'NCIA (Aay Kía, Dion Cass. liii. 25, 29; Flor. iv. 12; Oros. vi. 21), or LANCIATUM (Aaуkiaтov, Ptol. ii. 6. § 29), the chief city of the LANCEATI (AayκíaTOL, Ptol. I. c.) or LANCIENSES (Plin. iii. 3. s. 4), a tribe of the Astures, in Hispania Tarraconensis. It was strongly fortified, and was the most important city of that region, even more so than LEGIO VII. GEMINA, at least before the settlement of the latter by the Romans, by whom Lancia was destroyed, though it was again restored. It lay on the high road from Caesaraugusta to Legio VII. (Leon), only 9 M. P. from the latter, where its name is still to be traced in that of Sollanco or Sollancia. (Florez, Esp. S. vol. xvi. p. 16; Ukert, vol. ii. pt. 1. p. 441.) [P.S.] LA'NCIA, LANCIA'TI, LANCIATUM. [LANCE.] LA'NCIA OPPIDA'NA. [VETTONES.] LANCIENSES OCELENSES or TRANSCUDANI. [OCELUM.] LANGOBARDI, LONGOBARDI (Aayyo¤ápdoι, Aoyyobápdo, also Aayyo6ápdai and Aoyyobάpdai), a tribe of Germans whom we first meet with in the plain, south of the lower Elbe, and who belonged to the Suevi (Strab. vii. p. 290, where Kramer reads Aaykó6apdo; Ptol. ii. 11. §§ 9, 17). According to Paulus Diaconus, himself a Langobard, or Lombard (Hist. Longob. i. 3, 8; comp. Isidor. Orig. ix. 2; Etym. M. s. v. yévetov), the tribe derived its name from the long beards, by which they distinguished themselves from the other Germans, who generally shaved their beards. But it seems to be more probable that they derived the name from the country they inhabited on the banks of the Elbe, where Börde (or Bord) still signifies "a fertile plain by the side of a river;" and a district near Magdeburg is still called the lange Börde (Wilhelm, Germanien, p. 286). According to this, Langobardi would sig. nify "inhabitants of the long bord of the river." The district in which we first meet with them, is the left bank of the Elbe, from the point where the Sala empties itself into it, to the frontiers of the Chauci Minores, so that they were bounded in the north by the Elbe, in the east by the Semnones, in the south by the Cherusci, and in the west by the Fosi and Angrivarii. Traces of the name of the Langobardi still occur in that country in such names as Bardengau, Bardewik. The earliest writer who mentions the Langobardi as inhabiting those parts, is Velleius Paterculus (ii. 106). But notwithstanding the unanimous testimony of the ancients that they were a branch of the Suevi, their own historian (Paul. Diac. I. c.; comp. Euseb. Chron. ad an. 380) states that the Langobardi originally did not inhabit any part of Germany, but had migrated south from Scandinavia, where they had borne the name of Vinili, and that they assumed the name Langobardi after their arrival in Germany. It is impossible to say what value is to be attributed to this statement, which has found as many advocates as it has bad opponents. From Strabo (1. c.) it is clear that they occupied the northern bank of the Elbe, and it is possible that they were among those Germans whom Tiberius, in the reign of Augustus drove across the Elbe (Suet. Aug. 21). In their new country they were soon reduced to submission by Maroboduus, but |