A DICTIONARY OF GREEK AND ROMAN GEOGRAPHY. IABADIUS. IABA'DIUS ('Iabadíov vñoos, Ptol. vii. 2. § 29, viii. 27. § 10), an island off the lower half of the Golden Chersonesus. It is said by Ptolemy to mean the "Island of Barley," to have been very fertile in grain and gold, and to have had a metropolis called ARGYRE. There can be little doubt that it is the same as the present Java, which also signifies "barley." Humboldt, on the other hand, considers it to be Sumatra (Kritische Unters. i. p. 64); and Mannert, the small island of Banca, on the SE. side of Su matra. [V.] JABBOK ('lobaккоя, Joseph.; 'Iabwx, LXX.), a stream on the east of Jordan, mentioned first in the history of Jacob (Gen. xxxii. 22). It formed, according to Josephus, the northern border of the Amorites, whose country he describes as isolated by the Jordan on the west, the Arnon on the south, and the Jabbok on the north. (Ant. iv. 5. § 2.) He further describes it as the division between the dominions of Sihon, king of the Amorites, and Og, whom he calls king of Galadene and Gaulonitis (3) the Bashan of Scripture. In the division of the land among the tribes, the river Jabbok was assigned as the northern limit of Gad and Reuben. (Deut. iii. 16.) To the north of the river, in the country of Bashan, the half tribe of Manasseh had their possession (13,14.) [AMMONITAE; AMORITES.] It is correctly placed by Eusebius (Onomast. s. v.) between Ammon, or Philadelphia, and Gerasa (Gerash); to which S. Jerome adds, with equal truth, that it is 4 miles from the latter. It flows into the Jordan. It is now called El-Zerka, and "divides the district of Moerad from the country called ElBelka." (Burckhardt's Syria, p. 347.) It was crossed in its upper part by Irby and Mangles, an hour and twenty minutes (exactly 4 miles) SW. of Gerash, on their way to Es-Szalt. (Travels, p. 319, comp. p. 475.) [G. W.] JABESH ('labels, LXX.; 'Idens, 'lastová, laBuós, Joseph.), a city of Gilead, the inhabitants of which were exterminated, during the early times of the Judges (see xx. 28), for not having joined in the national league against the men of Gibeah (xxi. 9, &c.). Three centuries later, it was besieged by the Ammonite king, Nahash, when the hard terms offered to the inhabitants by the invaders roused the indignation of Saul, and resulted in the relief of the town and the rout of the Ammonites. (1 Sam. xi.) It was probably in requital for this deliverance that the inhabitants of Jabesh-Gilead, having heard of the indignity offered to the bodies of Saul and his sons JACCETANI. after the battle of Gilboa," arose, and went all night, and took the body of Saul, and the bodies of his sons, from the wall of Beth-shan, and came to Jabesh and burnt them there; and they took their bones and buried them under a tree at Jabesh, and fasted seven days." (1 Sam. xxxi. 11-13; 2 Sam. ii. 4 — 7.) It was situated, according to Eusebius, in the hills, 6 miles from Pella, on the road to Gerash; and its site was marked in his time by a large village (s.vv. 'Apiowe and 'Iábis). The writer was unsuccessful in his endeavours to recover its site in 1842; but a tradition of the city is still retained in the name of the valley that runs into the plain of the Jordan, one hour and a quarter south of Wady Mus, in which Pella is situated. This valley is still called Wady Yabes, and the ruins of the city doubtless exist, and will probably be recovered in the mountains in the vicinity of this valley. [G. W.] JABNEH. [IAMNIA.] JACCA. [JACCETANI; VASCONES.] JACCETA'NI ('Iаkкeтavоí), the most important of the small tribes at the S. foot of the Pyrenees, in Hispania Tarraconensis, E. of the VASCONES, and N. of the ILERGETES. Their country, JACCETANIA ('lakkeтavía), lay in the N. of Arragon, below the central portion of the Pyrenaean chain, whence it extended towards the Iberus as far as the neighbourhood of Ilerda and Osca; and it formed a part of the theatre of war in the contests between Sertorius and Pompey, and between Julius Caesar and Pompey's legates, Afranius and Petreius. (Strab. iii. p. 161; Caes. B. C. i. 60: concerning the reading, see LACETANI; Ptol. ii. 6. § 72.) None of their cities were of any consequence. The capital, JACCA (Jaca, in Biscaya), from which they derived their name, belonged, in the time of Ptolemy, to the VASCONES, among whom indeed Pliny appears to include the Jaccetani altogether (iii. 3. s. 4). Their other cities, as enumerated by Ptolemy, and identified, though with no great certainty, by Ukert (vol. ii. pt. 1. p. 425), are the following: - IESPUS (Ieonós, Igualeda); CERESUS (Kepeσós, S. Columba de Ceralto); ANABIS ('Avábis, Tarrega); BACASIS (Bakarís, Manresa, the district round which is still called Bages); TELOBIS (Tnobis, Martorell); ASCERRIS ('AσKeppís, Sagarra); UDUBA (Oũdovpa, Cardona); LISSA or LESA (Anoa, near Manresa); SETELSIS (ZETEλois Zeλevols, Solsona); CINNA (Kivva, near Guisona), perhaps the same place as the SCISSUM of Livy (xxi. 60, where the MSS. have Scissis, Stissum, Sisa), and the CISSA of Polybius (iii. 76: coins, ap. Sestini, pp. 132, 163; [P.S.] IA'DERA ('Iádepa, Ptol. iii. 16. § 10; 'Iadapa, Nicet. p. 348; Iadera, Plin. iii. 26; lader, Pomp. Mela, ii. 3. § 13; Peut. Tab.; Geog. Rav.; on the orthography of the name see Tzchucke, ad Melam, 1. c. vol. ii. pt. 2. p. 275: Eth. Iadertinus, Hirt. B. A. 42: Zara), the capital of Liburnia in Illyricum. Under Augustus it was made a Roman colony. ("Parens coloniae," Inscr. ap. Farlati, Illyr. Sacr., vol. v. p. 3; comp. Ptol. I. c.) Afterwards it bore the name of DIODORA. and paid a tribute of 110 pieces of gold to the Eastern emperors (Const. Porph. de Adm. Imp. 30), until it was handed over, in the reign of Basil the Macedonian, to the Slavonic princes. Zara, the modern capital of Dalmatia, and well known for the famous siege it stood against the combined French and Venetians, at the beginning of the Fourth Crusade (Gibbon, c. lx.; Wilken, die Kreuzz. vol. v. p. 167), stands upon the site of ladera. Little remains of the ancient city; the sea-gate called Porta di San Chrysogono is Roman, but it seems likely that it has been brought from Aenona. The gate is a single arch with a Corinthian pilaster at each side supporting an entablature. Eckhel (vol. ii. p. 152) doubts the evidence of any coins of Iadera, though some have been attributed to it by other writers on numismatics. (Sir G. Wilkinson, Dalmatia and Montenegro, vol. i. p. 78; J. F. Neigebaur, Die Sudslaven, pp. 181191.) [E. B. J.] IADO'NI, a people in the extreme NW. of Hispania Tarraconensis, mentioned only by Pliny, who places them next to the Arrotrebae. (Plin. iv. 20. s. 34.) [P. S.] He Fazello assures us that there was a mediaeval for- [E. H. B.] JAEZER (Ἰαζήρ, LXX. ; Ιαζήρ and 'Ασώρ, Euseb.), a city of Gilead, assigned to the tribe of Gad by Moses. In Numbers (xxxii. 1)," the land of Jazer" is mentioned as contiguous to "the land of Gilead, and suited to cattle." In Jeremiah (xlviii. 32), "the sea of Jazer" occurs in some versions, as in the English; but Reland (s. v. p. 825) justly IAETA or IETAE ('Ieral, Steph. B.: Eth. 'Ieraios, remarks, that this is not certain, as the passage may Id.; but Diodorus has 'Iaurivos, and this is confirmed be pointed after the word “sea,” and “Jazer." as a by coins, the legend of which is uniformly 'IaTivov, vocative, commence the following clause. But as Eckhel, vol. i. p. 216: in Latin, Cicero has Ietini," the land of Jazer" is used for the country south of but Pliny Letenses), a town of the interior of Sicily, in the NW. of the island, not very far from Panormus. It was mentioned by Philistus (ap. Steph. B. 8. v.) as a fortress, and it is called by Thucydides also (if the reading 'Ierás be admitted, in vii. 2) a fortress of the Siculians (Teixos TWV ZIKEAŵV), which was taken by Gylippus on his march from Himera through the interior of the island towards Syracuse. It first appears as an independent city in the time of Pyrrhus, and was attacked by that monarch on account of its strong position and the advantages it offered for operations against Panormus; but the inhabitants readily capitulated. (Diod. xxii. 10, p. 498.) In the First Punic War it was occupied by a Carthaginian garrison, but after the fall of Panormus drove out these troops and opened its gates to the Romans. (Id. xxiii. 18, p. 505.) Under the Roman government it appears as a municipal town, but not one of much importance. The Ietini are only noticed in passing by Cicero among IALYSUS (Ιάλυσος, Ἰάλυσσος, οι Ἰήλυσσος : the towns whose lands had been utterly ruined by Eth. 'laλúσoios), one of the three ancient Doric the exactions of Verres; and the Ietenses are enume- cities in the island of Rhodes, and one of the six rated by Pliny among the "populi stipendiarii" of towns constituting the Doric hexapolis. It was sithe interior of Sicily. (Cic. Verr. iii. 43; Plin. iii.tuated only six stadia to the south-west of the city 8. s. 14.) Many MSS. of Cicero read Letini, and it is probable that the Añτov of Ptolemy (iii. 4. § 15) is only a corruption of the same name. Gilead, so the Dead Sea may be designated “the sea of Rhodes, and it would seem that the rise of the latter city was the cause of the decay of Ialysus; for in the time of Strabo (xiv. p. 655) it existed only The position of Iaeta is very obscurely intimated, as a village. Pliny (v. 36) did not consider it as an but it appears from Diodorus that it was not very independent place at all, but imagined that Ialysus remote from Panormus, and that its site was one of was the ancient name of Rhodes. Orychoma, the cigreat natural strength. Silius Italicus also alludes tadel, was situated above Ialysus, and still existed in to its elevated situation ("celsus Ietas," xiv. 271). | the time of Strabo. It is supposed by some that |