Congress shall, by law, declare what officer shall then act
as President, and such officer shall act accordingly until
the disability be removed, or a President shall be elected.

A list of the Vice-Presidents who have acted as Presi-
dent, n. 172. The act of Congress regulating who shall
act. n. 172.

ACTION. (See Case, Suits.)
ACTs, records, and judicial proceedings. Full faith and credit shall
be given in each State to the public acts, records, and
judicial proceedings of every other State. And the Con-
gress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which
such acts, records, and judicial proceedings shall be proved,
and the effect thereof..

Full faith and credit defined, n. 218. The law of Congress for proving these acts, n. 219. p. 218. Must be under the Great Seal, Id. Copied from the Confederation, p. 10. ACTS of Congress. To regulate time and manner of electing senators, n. 30. To fix a standard of weights and measures, n. 102, p. 117. To regulate the tenure of office, n. 113. Prescribing manner of proving laws, records, &c., n. 219. The several reconstruction acts, n. 276.

Take effect from their approval by the President, n. 66. ADAM, ANDREW, of Pennsylvania. Signed the Articles of Confederation, p. 21.

ADAMS, JOHN. Delegate from Mass. Signed the Dec. of Ind. p. 7,
First Vice-President of U. S., n. 37. Second President, n.
166. Messages of, as President, delivered to Congress in
person, n. 187.

ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY. Sixth President of the U. S., n. 166.
ADAMS, SAMUEL. Delegate from Mass. Signed the Dec. of Ind. p.
7; and the Articles of Confederation, p. 21.
ADAMS, THOMAS, of Virginia. Signed the Articles of Confodera-
tion, p. 21.

ADJOURN from day to day. A smaller number than a majority of
each house of Congress may adjourn from day to day..
ADJOURN. Neither house, during the session of Congress, shall,
without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than
three days, nor to any other place than that in which the
two houses may be sitting

ADJOURNMENT of the Congress of the Confederation not longer than six months, Art. IX. p. 18.

ADJOURNMENT. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their adjournment prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law.

The President must receive the bill ten entire days before, or it will not become a law, n. 69. ADJOURNMENT. Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment), shall be presented to the President of the United States. (For proceedings, see Resolution.)....

ADJOURNMENT. In case of disagreement between the two houses
of Congress with respect to the time of adjournment, the
President may adjourn them to such time as he shall think
proper.....

This power has never been exercised, n. 188.
ADJUTANT-GENERAL. An officer in the army, n. 124.
ADMINISTRATION. Effect of judgment and sales under, n. 161.
ADMINISTRATION of justice. He (George III.) has obstructed the

Dec. of Ind. p. 3.

ADMIRAL. Chief officer in the navy, n. 128.

ADMIRALTY and maritime jurisdiction. The judicial power shall extend to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction. Defined; extent of jurisdiction; has been enlarged to navigable waters, n. 203.

ADMITTED. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union..

Effect of admission, n 229. List of new States and dates of admission, n. 230.

ADOPTION of this Constitution. All debts contracted or engagements entered into before the adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution as under the Confederation.

This article explained, n. 237. When the States shall have adopted the 14th constitutional amendment, n. 276, p. 283, § 5.

ADVICE and consent of the Senate. President shall have power, by and with the, to make treaties and appoint ambassadors and all other officers..

When and how given, n. 178. When necessary to an appointment, n. 179. Effect of, in fixing tenure of office, n. 184, p. 179, § 1. To advise upon suspension, if the Senate refuse to concur, Id. § 2. If the Senate fail to advise, the office to remain in abeyance, n. 184, p. 180, § 3. (See Tenure of Office.)

AFFIRMATION. (See Oath or Affirmation, n. 242.)

AGE. Qualification for a senator in Congress, 30 years...
AGE. Qualification for President of the United States, 35 years...
35 years an indispensable requisite, n. 171.

AGE. Qualification for a representative in Congress, 25 years.....
See remarks upon, n. 46.

AGE. Qualification for Vice-President of the United States, 35 years. Amendments...

AGREEMENT or compact. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, enter into any agreement or compact with another State or a foreign power.

Relates to what prohibitions; may enter into what, n. 164.

ALABAMA. Qualifications for suffrage in, n. 17, p. 58. Six representatives, by the census of 1860, n. 24. Population of, in every decade, n. 24, pp. 69-71. Did not vote in the Presidential election of 1864, n. 167. Admitted as a State, n. 230. Ratified 13th amendment, n. 274. Rejected 14th amendment, n, 275. One of the non-reconstructed States, n. 276. Its provisional government defined, n. 276, p. 286, § 1. Action of its convention upon reconstruction, n. 277. Number of registered voters under the reconstruction laws, n. 278.

ALIEN. A naturalized is a natural bornsubject, from birth, notes 274 to 276.

ALIEN enemies. During war the inhabitants of each country are, n. 118. The inhabitants of the insurgent and rebel States were not, during the rebellion, n. 213.

ALIENAGE is an indispensable element in the process of naturaliza

tion, n. 274, p. 276.

ALIENS, or persons of foreign birth, not eligible as President or
Vice-President of the United States

Amendments..

Effect of naturalization upon, notes 93, 209. Of what suits courts have jurisdiction. Cannot maintain a real action; defined, n. 209. May take and hold real estate, n. 209, p. 204. May be made citizens by revolution or general law. The Constitution provides for naturalization of, n. 167. See Citizen, notes 19, 30, 35, 68, 69, 170, 206, 220, 221, 274, 275, 277. Negroes born in United States cannot he, n. 274. ALLEGATION. Citizenship of different States must be averred to give jurisdiction, n. 206.

ALLEGIANCE. Defined, n. 220, p. 164. An alien is one born out of, n. 209. Treason is a breach of, n. 215. Native born owe allegiance to the United States, n. 220. All persons born in the, of the United States, are native citizens thereof, n. 274. Paramount to the United States and qualified to the States, n. 118, p. 129, Pref. p. xiii. Indians

owe no, to the United States, n. 92, p. 112. "That I will
bear true faith and allegiance to the United States," n.
242, p. 251. Native born owe allegiance from their birth, n.
220, p. 225. Claim of allegiance to the Colonies and Great
Britain and how absolved, u. 274. p. 278.

ALLIANCE. No State shall enter into any alliance...

This is a national power, n. 152. The same under the
Confederation, Art. VI. p. 11.

ALMIGHTY GOD. "Looking to the favor and guidance of," n. 5,
p. 53. Remark on this, 1. 5.

AMBASSADORS. The President shall nominate, and by and with

the advice and consent of the Senate appoint, ambassa-
dors, &c.

AMBASSADORS. The President shall receive ambassadors and other
public ministers..

The power to receive, and other public ministers, carries along with it the power to receive consuls, n. 188. AMBASSADORS. The judicial power shall extend to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls Defined, n. 195. By what suits they are affected, n. 202. AMBASSADORS. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction

This clause explained, n. 210. No State under the Con-
federation to receive without the consent of Congress,
Art. VI. p. 11. The Congress might send and receive,
Art. IX. p. 14.

AMENDMENTS, as on other bills. All bills for raising revenue shall
originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate
may propose, or concur with, amendments, as on other
bills.

AMENDMENTS to the Constitution. The Congress, whenever twothirds of both houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the applica tion of the legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid, to all intents and purposes, as part of this. Constitution, when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress; provided that no amendment, which may be made prior to the year 1808, shall, in any manner, affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article; and that no State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate..

In what way they have been proposed; President's ap-
proval not necessary, n. 236. Date and history of the, notes
244, 274, 275. Twelfth amendment, relative to election of
President, pp. 46, 164. Compared with original Constitu-
tion, notes 163, 1686. For amendments, see pp. 43-50,
164, 254-294, notes 245-286.

AMERICA. The Confederacy shall be "The United States of."
Art. I. p. 9.

AMERICA. "We, the People of the United States," &c., " do ordain
and establish this Constitution for the United States of."
Preamble..

United States of, defined, n. 13. Preamble of the
Constitution of the Confederate States of America, n. 5,
p. 51.
ANDERSON, JOSEPH. Presiding officer of the Senate, n. 38, p. 79.
ANNIHILATION. Legislative bodies incapable of, Dec. of Ind. p.
APPEAL. In disputes between States, Art. IX. p. 14.
APPELLATE jurisdiction. The Supreme Court shall have, both as
to law and fact. (See Supreme Court.)..

3.

Defined; can only be exercised under acts of Congress,

n. 211.

APPOINT. Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the legis

Art. sec.

lature thereof may direct, a number of electors. (See
Electors.)....

All the States now appoint electors by popular election,
n. 167. President's power to appoint defined, n. 179, pp. 175,
176. To appoint and commission are not the same thing,
n. 179, p. 176. The power to appoint carries the power to
remove, n. 184, p. 178; but this is restricted by the Civil
Rights Bill, n. 184, p. 179, § 1, 2. Duty of the President
to appoint commanders of military districts under the
reconstruction laws, n. 276, p. 282, § 2. The commanding
general of each district shall appoint boards of registration,
n. 276, p. 282, § 4.

APPOINTED. No senator or representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments of which shall have been increased during such time..

To accept such office vacates his seat, n. 62, 63. (See Office.) APPOINTED. No senator or representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an elector..

APPOINTMENT of officers of the militia reserved to the States respectively.

This power discussed, n. 135. This power ceases when
the citizens are conscripted, n. 118, p. 132.

APPOINTMENT of electors of President and Vice-President of the
United States. (See Appoint.) Amendments..

APPOINTMENTS. The executives of States may make temporary
appointments of Senators in the recess of the legislatures
thereof to fill vacancies

He cannot make an appointment to fill a prospective vacancy, n. 33. APPOINTMENTS. The President shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint, ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law. But the Congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments..

This duty is imperative, n. 179, p. 175. Without a commission there is no appointment Nomination and appointment are voluntary acts, n. 179, p. 176. President may make temporary, during suspension, n. 184, p. 179. § 2. APPOINTMENTS. The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions (or appointments), which shall expire at the end of their next session.

66

" de

The subject discussed and explained; vacancy
fined, n. 185. Such appointments continue during the
session, n. 186.

APPORTIONED. Representatives and direct taxes to be apportioned among the several States according to their respective 1 numbers, &c. Amendments

Defined, n. 23. (See Representatives.)

APPORTIONMENT. Ratio for, through each decade, notes 21, 280. Direct taxes to be laid by the rule of, notes 22, 144. The, of Representatives under census of 1860, n. 24.

APPRAISEMENT and stay laws unconstitutional, n. 160.

APPRENTICES are "persons held to service," n. 226.

APPROPRIATION of money to the use of armies shall not be for a
longer period than two years. May be for a shorter period,
n. 126.
APPROPRIATIONS. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury
but in consequence of appropriations made by law, and a
regular statement and account of the receipts and expendi-

14

1 8 12

29,180

tures of all public money shall be published from time
to time

"Money" defined, and Confederate Constitution com-
pared, n. 149, p. 151. Money in the post-office is within
the restriction, n. 149, p. 152.

APPROVAL of President makes a bill law, n. 66.

APPROVED. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a law, be presented to the President. If he approve, he shall sign it. (See Veto.)...

Every bill takes effect prospectively from the time it is approved, n. 66.

APPROVED. Any bill returned by the President with objection, may become a law if approved by two-thirds of both houses of Congress...

The veto power and its history, n. 67. Two-thirds of a quorum is sufficient, n. 68.

APPROVED. Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives inay be necessary (except on a question of adjournment), shall be presented to the President of the United States to be approved or disapproved by him....

A joint resolution becomes a law, n. 70. Is 100 square meters, n. 102, p. 119, § 2. ARKANSAS. Qualification of suffrage in, n. 17, p. 60. Three representatives, by census of 1860, n. 24, p. 68. Population of, in each decade, n. 24, pp. 69, 70. Did not vote in the presidential election of 1864, n. 167. Assigned to the eighth judicial circuit, n. 197. Admitted into the Union, n. 230. Its history during the rebellion, n. 235. Ratified the 13th amendinent, n. 274; and rejected the 14th, n. 275. One of the non-reconstructed States, n. 276, § 1. Its provisional government defined, n. 276, p. 286. Number of registered voters, n. 278.

ARMED troops. For quartering large bodies of, Dec. of Ind. p. 4. ARMIES. Congress shall have power to raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years....

This power did not exist under the Confederation, n. 122. The rights of enlistment and conscription; extent of this power, n. 125. Limitation on appropriations for, n. 126.

ARMING. Congress shall have power to provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia..

The extent of this power defined, n. 134, 135. ARMS. The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. Amendments....

This is a national right; does not give the right to carry concealed weapons, n. 249.

...

AEMY. Congress shall have power to make rules for the govern-
ment and regulation of the land and naval forces
"Rules" defined, n. 129. Defined; and rank and grade
in, n. 124.

ARMY. The President shall be commander-in-chief of the ariny.
Why this power was conferred. Need not command in
person. What rules he may establish, n. 175.
ARMY. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any
house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of
war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. Amend-
ments....

This relates to armies, n. 250.

ARMY or Navy. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service, in time of war or public danger. Amendments...... The extent of this exception defined and discussed, notes 118, 274.