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Swift's Miscellanies. TILIA, lime or linden tree, in botany, a genus

of plants belonging to the class of polyandria and order of monogynia; and in the natural system ranging under the columniferæ. The calyx is quinquepartite; the corolla pentapetalous; the berry is dry, globose, quinquelocular, quinquevalve, and opening at the base. There are four species; viz. 1. T. Alba, the white lime tree. 2. T. Americana, the American linden tree, grows plentifully in America. 3. T. Europea, the European or common lime tree, is generally supposed to be a native of Britain; but Mr. Coxe says that Mr. Pennant told him that it was imported into England before 1652. The leaves are heart-shaped, with the apex produced, and serrated on the edges; the flowers grow in a thin umbel, from three to nine together, of a whitish color and a fragrant smell, very grateful to bees. The wood is light, smooth, and of a spongy texture, used for making lasts and tables for shoemakers, &c. Ropes and bandages are made of the bark, and mats and rustic garments of the inner rind, in Carniola and some other countries. The lime tree contains a gummy juice, which being repeatedly boiled and clarified produces a substance like sugar. 4. T. purescens.

TILL, n. s. Sax. l. A money-box in a shop.

They break up counters, doors, and tills, And leave the empty chests in view.

Swift.

TILL, prep. & conj. Sax. til. To the time of: to the time when; to the degree that.

Meditate so long till you make some act of prayer to God, or glorification of him. Taylor.

To this strange pitch their high assertions flew, Till Nature's self scarce looked on them as two.

Cowley.

Unhappy slave, and pupil to a bell,
Unhappy till the last, the kind releasing knell. Id.
Pleasure not known till now.

Woods and rocks had ears
To rapture, till the savage clamour drowned
Both harp and voice.

Milton.

Id.

Dryden.

The unity of place we neither find in Aristotle, Horace, or any who have written of it, till in our age the French poets first made it a precept of the stage. Goddess, spread thy reign till Isis' clders reel. Pope. Sax. tylian; Goth. til. toil. To cultivate; husband: commonly used of TILL'ER, the husbandry of the TILL'MAN, plough the derivatives TILTH, adj. & n. s. J corresponding. Abel was a keeper of sheep, but Cain was a tiller of the ground. Good shepherd, good tilman, good Jack, and good

TILL, V. . TILL'ABLE, adj. TILL'AGE, n. s.

Gil,

Genesis iv. 2.

Makes husband and huswife their coffers to fill Turner.

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TILLÆA, in botany, a genus of plants belonging to the class of tetrandria, the order of tetragynia, and in the natural system ranging under the thirteenth order, succulentæ. The calyx has three or four divisions; the petals are three or four, and equal; the capsules three or four, and polyspermous. There are four species, of which one only, T. muscosa, or procumbent tillæa, is a native of England, and is not mentioned among the Scottish plants. It has prostrate stems, almost erect, generally red, and grow longer after three. The leaves grow in pairs and are fleshy. flowering. The parts of fructification are always It is found on dry heaths in Norfolk and Suffolk, and flowers in May and June.

TILLANDSIA, the large barren wild pine of the West Indies, a genus of the monogynia order, belonging to the hexandria class of plants. It is called caragatua by father Plumier, and is a parasitic plant, and ought perhaps, in strict propriety, to be denominated an aquatic.

TILLEMANS (Peter), a celebrated landscape painter, born at Antwerp. He came to England in 1708, and was much employed by the nobility and gentry. He died in 1734.

TILLER OF A SHIP, a strong piece of wood fastened in the head of the rudder, and in small ships and boats called the helm.

TILLI (John) count of, an illustrious general born at Brussels and educated under the jesuits. He displayed great courage in Hungary in a battle with the Turks; and, in 1620, commanded the troops under duke Maximilian at the battle of Prague. He showed equal skill and humanity in the various German wars that followed; but was at last defeated by Gustavus Adolphus, and mortally wounded in defending the passage of the Lech. He died at Ingoldstadt in 1652.

TILLI (Michael Angelo), F. R. S., a learned physician and botanist, born at Florence in 1655 and educated at Pisa. He was made physician to the grand duke, professor of medicine in the university of Pisa, superintendent of the botanic garden, and F. R. S. of London. His chief work is Catalogus Horti Pisani, in fol. 1723. He died at Florence in 1740, aged eighty-five.

TILLOCH (Alexander), LL.D., was the son of a tobacconist of Glasgow, who filled one of the municipal magistracies in that city, where his son was born February 28th, 1759. He was intended by his father to follow his own business, but a strong bias towards mechanical and scientific pursuits soon diverted his attention from commercial pursuits. In 1736 a jeweller of Edinburgh, named Ged, having, though unacquainted with the tradition respecting Vander Mey, devised the art of printing from plates, and actually produced an edition of Sallust so printed, it was reserved, however, for Dr. Tilloch to revive and bring it an important step forward. See PRINTING. In 1787 Dr. Tilloch came to Londen, and two years afterwards purchased a principal share of the Star evening paper, which he continued to edit till within four years of his death. In 1797 the public attention being then directed to schemes for the prevention of forgery, he submitted to the Bank of England a plan respecting which he had been previously in communication with the French government, for producing a note beyond the reach of imitation: this proposal was declined, and in 1820 Dr. Tilloch petitioned parliament on the subject, but without any practical result. Ir June 1797 he projected and established the Philosophical Magazine; and only fifteen days before his death he had obtained a patent for an improvement on the steam-engine. Amidst his other avocations he also found leisure to apply himself to theological studies, the fruits of which appeared in a Dissertation on the Apocalypse, published in 1823, besides a variety of detached essays collected under the title Biblicus. The last work which he was engaged to superintend was the Mechanics' Oracle, published in numbers at the Caxton press. In his religious opinions Dr. Tilloch was a dissenter from the established church, and preached to a congregation who assembled in the Curtain Road. His death took place at his house in Barnsbury Street, Islington, January 26th, 1825.

TILLOTSON (John), a celebrated archbishop of Canterbury, the son of Robert Tillotson of Sowerby, in Halifax, Yorkshire, clothier; was born there in 1630. He studied in Clare Hall, Cambridge; and in 1656 became tutor to the son of Edmund Prideaux, esq., of Ford Abbey. He was next curate to Dr. Hacket, vicar of Ches

hunt, Hertfordshire. In 1663 he was appointed rector of Ketton in Suffolk; in 1664 preacher to Lincoln's Inn. He was greatly admired in London by all the divines of the city. In 1666 he took the degree of D. D. at Cambridge; in 1669 was made prebendary of Canterbury; in 1672 was admitted dean of that cathedral; and three years after was made a prebendary of St. Paul's, London. In 1679 he converted Charles earl of Shrewsbury from popery; yet, in 1670, he refused to sign the clergy's address to Charles II. on the bill of exclusion. In 1689 he was installed dean of St. Paul's; made clerk of the closet to William and Mary; and appointed a commissioner to prepare matters to be laid before the convocation, for a comprehension of all Protestants; but this attempt was frustrated by the bigotry of some members. In 1691 he was consecrated archbishop of Canterbury. In 1694 he was seized with a palsy, of which he died in his sixtyfifth year. One folio volume of his sermons was published in his life time. Those which came abroad after his death, from his chaplain Dr. Barker, made two volumes in folio, the copy of which was sold for £2500, and this was the only legacy he left to his family, his extensive charity having consumed his yearly revenues as constantly as they came in. But king William gave two grants to his widow, amounting to £600 a year. He wrote some other works, and also published Dr. Barrow's works, and Dr. Wilkin's Treaitse on the Principles and Duties of Natural Religion, with a volume of Sermons. TILLYFALLY, adv. TIL'LYVALLEY.

A trifling word, used formerly when any thing said was rejected as impertinent.

Am not I consanguineous ? am not I of her blood? tilleyvalley, lady. Shakspeare. Twelfth Night.

Tillefally, Sir John, never tell me ; your ancient Id. Henry IV. swaggerer comes not in my doors.

TILSIT, a handsome town of Prussian Lithuania, fifty-six miles E. N. E. of Konigsberg. It stands on the banks of the Tilse, a small stream separating the town from the castle, and the Nieman, a great river which flows past the town by the north, and over which it has a bridge of boats. The chief articles of trade are corn, wax, salt, salted provisions, hats, and leather. The town gives name to a district which extends from it to the great maritime inlet of the CurischeHaff, a level and fertile tract, noted for its exports of barley, butter, and cheese. The castle is said to have been built in 1289, though the place received the title of town only in 1552. Its chief title to historical notice is from the treaty of peace concluded here on July 1st, 1807, between France and Prussia, a treaty which threw the whole weight of Russian influence during several years into the scale of Buonaparte. Inhabitants 9000. Fifty miles S. S. E. of Memel. Long. 21° 56′ 15′′ E., lat. 55° 4′ 30′′ N.

TILT, n. s., v. a., & v. n. Į Sax. tyl. A tent; TILT'ER, n. s. S any support of covering over head; a boat's covering; a military game in a place often surrounded with tents and enclosed hence a thrust; inclination forward to tilt is to cover, as with awning; to point as in the above game; to thrust; to run in tilts; rush

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n tilts and tournaments the valiant strove
By glorious deeds to purchase Emma's love. Prior.
Some say the spirits tilt so violently that they
make holes where they strike.
Collier.

The rowing crew,
To tempt a fare, clothe all their tilts in blue. Gay.
If war you chuse, and blood must needs be spilt
here,

Let me alone to match your tilter.

Granville.

Satire's my weapon, but I'm too discreet
To run a muck, and tilt at all I meet. Pope.
The fleet swift tilting o'er the surges flew,
Till Grecian cliffs appeared.
Id. Odyssey.

TIMEA, the wife of Agis I. king of Sparta, who was debauched by Alcibiades, by whom she had a son; who was rejected from the succession to the throne, although Agis declared him legitimate on his death-bed. Plut. in Ag.

TIMEUS, the son of Andromachus, an ancient historian of Sicily, born at Taurominium, who flourished about A. A. C. 262, in the time of Agathocles. He wrote a history of Sicily, and of the wars of Pyrrhus, and other works, which

were much esteemed, but his works are lost. He was banished by Agathocles; and died aged ninety-six.

TIMEUS, a famous Pythagorean philosopher, was born at Locris in Italy, and lived before Plato. There is still extant a small treatise of his on Nature and the Soul of the world, written in the Doric dialect.

TIMEUS, a Greek sophist and lexicographer, who wrote Lexicon vocum Platonicarum.

TIMAGENES, a Greek historian of Alexandria, who flourished about A. A. C. 54. He was brought to Rome by Gabinius, and sold as a slave to Sylla's son. His abilities procured him his liberty, and gained the favor of Augustus, which he returned by impertinence; on which the emperor dismissed him; and he in revenge burnt the admired history he had written of his reign. Plut.

TIMANTHES, a famous painter of Sicyon, who lived in the reign of Philip II. of Macedon. His painting of the sacrifice of Iphigenia was much and justly admired, wherein he represented all the spectators in extreme grief, but covered the face of Agamemnon, as esteeming the father's grief impossible to be expressed by the pencil. This painting carried off the prize from Parrhasius. His Ajax enraged for the loss of Achilles's arms was also much admired. TIM'BER, n. s., v. n.,& v u. ̈ TIM BERED, adj.

TIM BERSOW, n.s.

Sax. rýmbrian, to build. Wood Sfit for building;

the main trunk of a tree; materials: to light on
a tree to furnish with timber: timbered is
built; contrived: timbersow, a kind of wood-
louse or worm.

I learned of lighter timber cotes to frame,
Such as might save my sheep and me from shame.
Spenser.

We take

From every tree, lop, bark, and part o' the' timber;
And, though we leave it with a root thus hack't,
The air will drink the sap.

Shakspeare.

Such dispositions are the very errors of human nature; and yet they are the fittest timber to make politicks of, like to knee timber, that is good for ships

to be tossed, but not for houses that shall stand firm. Bacon.

Divers creatures, though they be loathsome to take, are of this kind; as earth-worms, timbersows, snails. Id.

He left the succession to his second son; not because he thought him the best timbered to support it. Wotton. Many heads that undertake learning were never squared nor timbered for it.

Browne's Vulgar Errours.
The straw was laid below,
Of chips and serewood was the second row;
The third of greens, and timber newly felled.
Dryden.

The one took up in a thicket of brush-wood, and
the other timbered upon a tree hard by. L'Estrange.
Upon these walls they plant quick and timber
trees, which thrive exceedingly.
Mortimer's Husbandry.
Who set the twigs, shall he remember,
That is in haste to sell the timber?
And what shall of thy woods remain,
Except the box that threw the main ?
There are hardly any countries that are destitute
Woodward.
of timber of their own growth.

Prior.

TIMBER-MEASURING. To find the superficial content of a plank, multiply the length by the breadth, and the product will be the required

content.

Erumple. The content of a board whose length is 5ft. 7in. and breadth 1ft. 10in., is in decimals, 10ft. 2′ 10′′.

To find the solid content of squared timber, multiply the mean breadth by the mean thickness, and the product again by the length, and the result will be the solidity required.

Example. The length of a piece of timber is 20-38 feet, and the ends unequal squares, the side of the greater of which is 19 inches, and that of the less 9 inches, what is the solidity? 29.756. Ans.

29 29

20.38 X X X

1

2 2 164

Note. If the tree tapers regularly from one end to the other, the breadth and thickness taken in the middle will be the mean breadth and thickness; but, if it does not taper regularly, let several dimensions be taken, and their sum, divided by the number of them, will give the mean dimensions.

This is the method generally used in practice, but in many cases it gives very erroneous results. The true method of finding the solidity is this to the sum of the areas of the two ends, add four times the area of the middle section between them, and the sum multiplied by onesixth of the length will give the solidity. Thus, in the last example, the true soli153 2 7912

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part of the whole, and the rule is therefore 190 sufficiently exact for practice.

Ordinary measurers generally multiply the square of the greater girt by the length for the solidity; but this rule is so erroneous (giving the result too small by about one-fourth of the whole) that it ought to be abolished.

When trees have bark on, an allowance is generally made by deducting from the girt what is judged sufficient to reduce it to such a circumference as it would have without its bark. In oak this allowance is about one-tenth or onetwelfth of the girt, but for elm, beech, &c., whose bark is thinner, the deduction ought to be less. Branches whose girt is less than two feet are cut off, they not being accounted timber.

TIM'BREL, n.s. Fr. timbré, Lat. tympanum. A kind of musical instrument played by pulsation. VOL. XXII.

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TIME, n. s. & v. a Sax. tima; Erse. tym. TIME'FUL, adj. The measure of duraTIME LESS, tion; interval; season; TIMELY, adj. & adv. life; age; opportunity; TIME PLEASER, N. s. particular time; musical TIME SERVER, measure to adapt to TIME SERVING, the time; regulate as to TIM'OUS, adj. time, musically or otherwise timeful is seasonable; early: timeless, unseasonable; untimely timely, seasonable; soon; early timeserving, base compliance with present interest: timeserver, he who so complies: timepleaser, one who complies with the passing times.

When that company died, what time the fire devoured two hundred and fifty men. Numbers. They were cut down out of time, whose foundation was overflown with a flood. Job xxii. 16. To every thing there is a season, and a time to every purpose. Ecclus. iii. 1. Daniel desired that he would give him time, and that he would shew him the interpretation.

Daniel ii. 16. They shall be given into his hand until a time and times. Id. vii. 25. He found nothing but leaves on it; for the time of figs was not yet. Mark xi. 13. Knowing the time, that it is high time to awake out of sleep. Romans xiii. 11. Comets, importing change of times and states, Brandish your crystal tresses in the sky. Shakspeare. Was timed with dying cries. He was a thing of blood, whose motion every

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If this arch politician find in his pupils any remorse, any feeling of God's future judgments, he persuades them that God hath so great need of

souls that he will accept them at any time, and upon any condition; interrupting, by his vigilant endeavours, all offer of timeful return towards God. Raleigh.

By a wise and timous inquisition, the peccant humours and humourists must be discovered, purged, or cut off. Bacon. Pomanders, and knots of powders, you may have continually in your hand; whereas perfumes you can Id. Natural History. There is no greater wisdom than well to time the Bacon. beginnings and onsets of things.

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She intended to stay till delivered; for she was within one month of her time.

All the prophets in their age, the times

Of great Messiah sing.

Lest heat should hinder us, his timely care Hath unbesought provided.

Id.

Milton.

Id. The worst on me must light, when time shall be. ld.

Four times he crossed the car of night. Id. Nor will polished amber, although it send forth a gross exhalement, be found a long time defective upon the exactest scale. Browne's Vulgar Errours. A great devourer of his time was his agency for men of quality. Fell.

You, by the help of tune and time, Can make that song which was but rhyme. Waller. This 'tis to have a virtue out of season: Mercy is good, but kings mistake its timing.

Dryden.

The way to please being to imitate nature, the poets and the painters, in ancient times, and in the best ages, have studied her. Id. Dufresnoy.

I'll to my charge,

And show my duty by my timely care.

Dryden.

Id.

A time will come, when my maturer muse In Cæsar's wars a nobler theme shall chuse. Short were her marriage joys; for in the prime Of youth her lord expired before his time. The timing of things is a main point in the dispatch of all affairs. L'Estrange.

Id.

In time the mind reflects on its own operations about the ideas got by sensation, and thereby stores itself with a new set of ideas, ideas of reflection.

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earth, and that it will in time bury all things under ground. Woodward.

The time will come when we shall be forced to bring our evil ways to remembrance, and then consideration will do us little good. Calamy's Sermons.

Every single particle would have a sphere of void space around it many hundred thousand million million times bigger than the dimensions of that particle. Nor fits it to prolong the heavenly feast Timeless, indecent, but retire to rest.

Bentley.

Pope.

I have resolved to take time, and, in spite of all misfortunes, to write to you, at intervals, a long letter. Swift. All ways of holy living, all instances and all kinds of virtue, lie open to those who are masters of themselves, their time, and their fortunes.

Law.

TIME, in music, is an affection of sound, by which it is said to be long or short, with regard to its continuance in the same tone or degree of tune. Musical time is distinguished into common or duple time, and triple time.

Common time, double time, or duple, is when the notes are in a duple duration of each other, viz. a semibreve equal to two minims, a minim to two crotchets, a crotchet to two quavers, &c. It is of two kinds. The first when every bar or measure is equal to a semibreve, or its value in any combination of notes of a less quantity. The second is where every bar is equal to a minim, or its value in less notes. The movements of this kind of measure are various, but there are three common distinctions: the first slow, denoted at the beginning of the line by the mark

C; the second brisk, marked thus

third very brisk, thus marked

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TIME, TRIPLE is when the durations of the notes are triple of each other; that is, when the semibreve is equal to three minims, the minim to three crotchets, &c., and it is marked T. See MUSIC.

TIME is also a measure of duration, by which soldiers regulate the cadence of a march; as ORDINARY, QUICK, and QUICKEST time or step, which see.

Double quick TIME, a measure now adopted to accelerate the movement of troops.

TIME, in manœuvring, the necessary interval betwixt each motion in the manual exercise; as well as in every movement of the army, or of any body of men.

TIME, in fencing. There are three kinds of time; that of the sword, that of the foot, and that of the whole body. All the times that are perceived out of their measure are only to be considered as appels or feints to deceive and amuse the antagonist.

TIME, THRUST, in fencing, a thrust, given upon any opening which may occur by an inaccurate or wide motion of your adversary, when changing his guard, &c.

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