That worthy patriot, once the bellows And tinderbox of all his fellows. Hakewill. Hudibras. He might even as well have employed his time in catching moles, making lanterns and tinderboxes. Atterbury. Whoever our trade with England would hinder, To inflame both the nations do plainly conspire; Because Irish linen will soon turn to tinder, And wool it is greasy, and quickly takes fire. Swift. Vouchsafe, O thou the mournful'st muse of nine, Spenser. In the southern parts of England they destroy moles by traps that fall on them, and strike sharp tines or teeth through them. TINE, v. a. to set on fire. Mortimer. She lays some useful bile aside, Else we should want both gibe and satire, To tinge the chyle's insipid tide; And all be burst with pure good-nature. Prior. If the eye be tinged with any colour, as in the jaundice, so as to tinge pictures in the bottom of the eye with that colour, all objects appear tinged with the same colour. Newton. The infusions of rhubarb and saffron tinge the urine with a high yellow. Arbuthnot. TINGIS, an ancient sea-port town of Mauritania Tingitana, said to have been built by the giant Antæns. Sertorius the Roman general took it, and Plutarch says he opened the tomb of the founder, and found in it a skeleton sixty cubits long. It is now called Tangier. TINGITANA, in ancient geography, a district of Mauritania, which comprehended a considerable part of Fez and Morocco. It was so named from Tingis its capital. TIN'GLE, v. n. Sax. zinclan; Belg. tingelen. To feel a sharp pain, as after the stagnation of blood; to feel a sound, or the continuance of a sound, in the ears. This is, perhaps, rather tinkle. The ears of them that hear it shall tingle. Bible. body is talking of us; which is an ancient conceit. When our ear tingleth, we usually say that some Browne. In a palsy, sometimes the sensation of feeling is Sax. rýnan. To kindle; to light; either totally abolished, or dull with a sense of Obsolete. tingling. Arbuthnot. They suck pollution through their tingling veins. Tickel. Strifeful Atin in their stubborn mind Coals of contention and hot vengeance tined. The clouds Spenser. Justling or pushed with winds, rude in their shock, Tine the slant lightning; whose thwart flame driven down, Kindles the gummy bark of fir. Milton. The priest with holy hands was seen to tine The cloven wood, and pour the ruddy wine. Dryden. TINE, v. n. Belg. teen. To rage; smart; fight. Obsolete. Eden stained with blood of many a band Of Scots and English both, that tined on his strand. Spenser. TINEH, or THINEH, an ancient city in Lower Egypt, situated on the Pelusiac branch of the Nile. This branch is now reduced to little more than a channel of mud, traversing a smooth, barren, and naked plain; and the castle of Tineh, which appears to have been built about the time of the conquest of Selim, is falling to ruins. Long. 32° 30' E., lat. 30° 55′ N. TINELLI (Tiberius), an eminent historical and portrait painter, born at Venice in 1586. Louis XII. conferred on him the order of St. Michael. He died in 1638. TINGE, v. a. Lat. tingo. To impregnate TINGENT, adj. or imbue with a color or taste: the adjective corresponding. This wood, by the tincture it afforded, appeared The pale boy senator yet tingling stands. Pope. TINIAN, one of the Ladrone islands, in the North Pacific, about forty-two miles in circumference, was discovered by the crew of a Manilla ship, which was cast away here in the year 1638. The author of Anson's Voyage gives a pleasing description of this island, as found by the crew of the Centurion, in the year 1742; and we are indebted to him for the first description of it. The want of any proper roadstead exposes vessels touching at this island to great increased by the rapidity of the tides, which ocdanger the seas are often tremendous, and are casion such a hollow and overgrown sea that Anson mentions they were in continual apprehension of being pooped by it, though they were in a sixty gun ship. Byron visited this island in 1765. Tinian was visited in 1767 by captain Wallis; in 1787 by captain Portlock; in 1788 by captain Sever, and afterwards by other navigators, all of whom confirm the account given of it by commodore Byron. TIN'KER, n. s. From tink, a small noise, because their way of proclaiming their trade is to beat a kettle, or because in their work they make a tinkling noise. A mender of old brass, kettles, &c. Am not I old Sly's son, by education a cardmaker, and now by present profession a tinker? Shakspeare. His feeble hand a javelin threw, Id. Moves to the musick of his tinkling bells. Dodsley. TINNEVELLY, an extensive district of the south of India, province of the Carnatic, 150 miles in length by fifty in breadth, occupying the south-east extremity of the peninsula, and separated from Ceylon by the gulf of Manaar. TINNING, the covering or lining of any thing with melted tin, or with tin reduced to a very fine leaf. Kettles, sauce-pans, and other kitchen utensils, which are usually made of copper, are tinned, if of new copper, should first be cleaned or scoured with salt and sulphuric acid diluted with water. This, however, is not always done; some workmen contenting themselves with scouring it with sand perfectly dry, or with scales of iron. Powdered rosin is then strewed over it; and, when the vessel or utensil is considerably heated, melted tin is poured into it, and rubbed with flax coiled hard over the surface to be coated. This tin may be either pure, such as that known by the name of grain tin; or a composition consisting of two parts of tin and one of lead. For very obvious reasons, we should certainly prefer the pure tin; but the generality of workmen give the preference to the composition, because the surface coated with it appears more brilliant. The tin is not always put into the vessel in a liquid state; for some workmen strew it in small pieces over the surface to be coated, and then heat the vessel till the tin melt, when they rub it as formerly. In tinning old vessels, which have been tinned before, the process is somewhat different. In these cases the surface is first scraped with an instrument proper for the purpose, or scoured with the scales of iron, from a blacksmith's shop; it is then strewed over with sal ammoniac in powder, instead of rosin, or an infusion of sal ammoniac in stale urine is boiled in it till the urine be evaporated, and it is then tinned with pure tin; the composition of tin and lead being in this case never used. The tin, while liquid, is rubbed into the surface with a piece of sal ammoniac, instead of a bundle of flax. When iron vessels are to be tinned, they are first cleaned with muriatic acid, after which the process is the same as in the tinning of old copper. TINNING OF COPPER. To prevent the poisonous effects of copper, culinary vessels made of tnat metal are usually covered with tin on the poured on, and spread about. It is, however, TINNITUS AURIUM, a noise in the ears like the continued sound of bells, very common in many disorders, particularly in nervous fevers. TIN'SEL, n. s. & v. a. Fr. etincelle. A kind of shining cloth; any thing shining and of small · value: to decorate with cheap and showy orna Spin all your cobwebs o'er the eyes of day, The muse's wing shall brush you all away. Pope. color. Whether thy hand strike out some fresh design, Where life awakes, and dawns at every line; Or blend in beauteous tint the coloured mass, And from the canvass call the mimick face. Pope. The virtues of most men will only blow, Like coy auriculas, in Alpine, snow; Transplant them to the equinoctial line, Their vigour sickens, and their tints decline. Harte. Though it be allowed that elaborate harmony of colouring, a brilliancy of tints, a soft and gradual transition from one to another, present not to the eye what an harmonious concert of musick does to the ear; it must be remembered that painting is not merely a gratification of sight. Reynolds. TINTERN, Wexford, Ireland, is eighty-five miles from Dublin. William Mareschal, earl of Pembroke, built here, on the sea-shore, in consequence of his vow when in danger of shipwreck, an abbey, founded in 1200, and which received monks from Tintern, in Monmouthshire. TINTO, a river of the south of Spain, in Seville, which runs into the Atlantic, to the west of the Guadalquivir, near the town of Moguer. It derives its name from the color of its water, which, in the early part of its course, is yellow, and so bitter that no animal except goats will drink it. It is of a petrifying quality, and hardens and conglutinates the stones in its bed. This singular effect arises probably from a metallic infusion received at or near its source; for it disappears after its stream has been increased by other rivers. At its mouth it forms a considerable bay, about seven miles in breadth; and large vessels sail up as far as San Juan del Puerto, about twelve miles inland. TINTORETTO (James Robusti), a celebrated painter, born at Venice in 1512. He was the disciple of Titian, who, fearing he would become a powerful rival, dismissed him. His son and daughter were also good artists. He died in 1594. Shakspeare. TI'NY, adj. Dan. tint, tynd. Perhaps a diminutive of thin. Little; small; puny. Any pretty little tiny kickshaws. But ah! I fear thy little fancy roves, On little females, and on little loves; Thy pigmy children and thy tiny spouse, The baby playthings that adorn thy house. Swift. TIOGA, a county of the United States, in New York, bounded north by an angle of Steuben county, and by Seneca and Cayuga counties, east by Broome county, south by the state of Pennsylvania, and west by Steuben county. Its form is nearly that of a square, twenty-six by thirty-four miles; the area is 892 miles, or 571,306 acres. The surface is considerably broken and hilly, and some parts may even aspire to the mountain character; though in general it falls far below it. The agriculture is improving and productive, and population is increasing. Chief town, Spencer. TIPERA, called by the Mahometans Roshenabad, an extensive district of Bengal, is situated on the eastern side of the Brahmapootra or Megna River, and between 22° and 24° of N. lat. On the eastern quarter it is divided from Ava, or the Birman dominions, by a range of mountains and impervious woods, abounding with wild elephants and other ferocious animals. The district is supposed to contain nearly 7000 square miles; but of this space a very considerable portion is wild and uncultivated, inhabited only by a scanty population, of an uncivilised race, denominated kookies. TIPPERARY, a county in the province of Munster and kingdom of Ireland, bounded on the north by the King's county, and on the east by Queen's county and county of Kilkenny, on the south by Waterford, and on the west by the river Shannon and by a part of Limerick county. Its greatest length is about sixty-six miles, and greatest breadth about forty; but this return is not to be depended on, the county map, by Neville Bath, being confessedly incorrect. It contains above 800,000 English acres, only threefourths of which are at present subject to county rates, according to the return of the treasurer in 1824. This county is divided into eleven baronies, three corporations, and 154 parishes. The baronies are iffa and Offa East, Iffa and Offa West, Middlethird, Clanwilliam, Slievardagh, Kilnemanagh, Eliogarty, Skerrin, Owney and Arra, Lower Ormond and Upper Ormond. The corporate towns are Clonmel (which continues to return a representative to parliament), Cashel, and Fethard. There is no record specifying the number of acres in these corporate towns. The chief towns of Tipperary are Templemore, Clonmel, Carrick-on-Suir, Caher, Clogheen, Roscrea, Fethard, Nenagh, and Newport. The population of the entire county amounts to about 347,000, and the number of habitations to 55,000. The benefits of education appear to be extended to the poor of this district on a very liberal scale. Of the schools established by public and private bounty only fifty are retained upon authority; these afford education, and support in part, to about 4500 children. Besides which there are, in Tipperary town, a school on Sir E. Smith's foundation, unattended; and schools upon private foundations, supported by Mr. Foster, lord Ormond, lord Glenyall, James Hewitt, esq., Massey Dawson, esq., lord Dunally, Mrs. Lannigan, Mr. Grady, count Dalton, and other benevolent persons. From Templenore, Belough, and Johnstown schools, no return of the pupils is yet supplied. From all which it is manifest that the poor enjoy the benefits of education very extensively in this county. A useful branch of practical education, spinning, is taught at public schools, established for the purpose, in Caher and Fethard. The surface of Tipperary is varied, consisting of much bog, a great range of mountain, and extensive districts of singularly fertile low land. There are here about 40,000 acres of reclaimable bog, all lying in the neighbourhood of limestone gravel. The Galtee mountains, which encumber this county, rise to a height of 2500 feet above sea level, and extend in length above twenty miles; while, to the north of Galtimore, the loftiest of this range, lies the district called the Golden Vale, so famous for its natural fertility. The nature of this county, in general, resting, as the flat lands here do, upon a limestone base of the latest formation, peculiarly adapts it to pasturage. Besides the Galtee range there are the Sliebh-na-man mountains in the south-east; the Knock-rude-down, between Tipperary and Waterford; the Sliebh-na-musts; the Keeper, and the Sliebh-bloom ranges, in the last of which is the famous gap, or pass, called the Devil's Pit. The silver mines in this district are not now worked (see article IRELAND for an account of their present state, and probable benefit of working them). Between the river Nore and the town of Cashel lies the county known to geologists as the Tipperary coal district. In this region, as in all in the southern division of Ireland, stone coal only is raised. There are no manufactures here, agricultural pursuits alone engaging the inhabitants. For all produce of this description the chief outlet is the port of Waterford, with which the chief towns communicate, by means of the navigable river called the Suir. The proposed rail-way, on an extensive scale, connecting Limerick and Waterford, and branching to Carrick-on-Suir, will open the interior of the county to both these places of exportation. The Suir is the only river of any magnitude in the county, but the Shannon washes the county for a great part on the west. Tipperary was anciently divided into two great districts, the northern and more mountainous, called Ormond (a palatinate subject to the noble house of Ormond); the southern, called Holy Cross, tributary to the famous abbey of that name. This large county abounds in interesting remains of antiquity, both military and ecclesiastical. Among the former are, the castle of Ardfinnan, built by king John, the old castle called Nenagh Round, and the singular building at Roscrea. But the monastic ruins of Tipperary are not exceeded by those even of Great Britain. The many graceful and ancient structures in the extensive pile on the rock of Cashel are not more picturesque in situation, standing on the summit of a lofty and precipitous rock, than they are interesting to the learned antiquarian. Here stands, grouped with the cathedral, with square and round towers, of unknown date, the curious chapel erected by Cormac Mac Culinan, king and archbishop of Cashel, in the year 901. It is stone roofed, and in excellent preservation. The exquisite workmanship still existing in Holy Cross abbey, seven miles from Cashel, is deserving of notice from the antiquarian, the tourist, and the architect. And the scenery of Athassel Abbey is exquisitely soft and beautiful. The county of Tipperary, then, may be represented as one of the largest, most fertile, and most interesting in the kingdom. Education is here widely diffused. Coals exist in abundance. Mineral productions, doubtless, may be found in the great mountain ranges which occupy so much of the surface, the scenery of whose glens is particularly beautiful. The ancients too have contributed to augment the intent of Tipperary scenery by the numerous graceful structures they have erected here, which, while they give beauty to the scenery, are accompanied by feelings of historic dignity creditable to the sanctity, hospitality, and munificence of the ancient inhabitants. TIPPERARY a town in the county of the same name, in the province of Munster, and kingdom of Ireland, 110 miles from the city of Dublin. Here is a poor school of Sir Erasmus Smith's foundation, which, in 1821, was unattended. It is a post and market-town, and holds three fairs in each year. The population amounts to 6000 souls. The ruins of an ancient monastery are extant here, supposed to have been founded in the reign of Henry III. for eremites of the Augustinean order. In 1329 this place was burned by the famous Breyne O'Breyn. Tipperary is a rectory in the diocese of Emly. TIP'PET, n. s. Sax. tæpper. worn about the neck. Something His turban was white, with a small red cross on Old. Teut. tepel, a dug, or a frequentative of TOPE. To drink luxuriously; waste life over the cup; Shakspeare. If a slumber haply does invade, My weary limbs, my fancy still awake, Thoughtful of drink, and eager, in a dream, Tipples imaginary pots of ale. Philips. TIPPOO SAHEB, Sovereign of Mysore, was the son and successor of Hyder Ally, and maintained the independence of his states against the great Mogul, by the assistance of the French, during the war with America. When the French Revo lution deprived him of his European allies, he had to contend with the English, who defeated him in several battles, until in 1792 he was compelled by marquis Cornwallis to sue for peace, which was granted on his payment of a large sum of money, ceding part of his territories, and giving up his two sons to the British general as hostages. His fierce and haughty disposition, however, led to a revival of the war in 1799; it was terminated by the capture of Seringapatam, by an English force under general Harris, in the defence of which capital the sultan lost his life. Tippoo was personally brave, but rash and presumptuous, although possibly no qualities would long have preserved his dominion. TIP'STAFF, n. s. Tip and staff. An officer with a staff tipped with metal. The staff itself so tipt. One had in his hand a tipstaff of a yellow cane, Bacon. tipped at both ends with blue. TIPTOE, n. s. Tip and toe. The end of the Night's candles are burnt out, and jocund day Stands tiptoe on the misty mountains' tops. Religion stands tiptoe in our land, Ready to pass to the American strand. Ten ruddy wildings in the wood I found, And stood on tiptoes from the ground. Dryden. TIPULA, the crane-fly, a genus of insects belonging to the order of diptera. The mouth is a prolongation of the head; the upper jaw is arched. They have two palpi, which are curved, and longer than the head. The proboscis is short, and bends inwards. Gmelin enumerates 123 species, of which fourteen are British. They are divided into two families. 1. Those with wings displayed. 2. Those with wings incumbent, and which in form resemble a gnat. This two-winged insect is often taken for the gnat, which it re sembles, but has not its mischievous instinct, nor its murderous proboscis. The larger tipulæ go by the name of sempsiresses, the small ones by that of culiciform; the latter, in fine summer evenings, flutter about the water side in legions. The grubs of the larger tipulæ dwell in holes of decayed willows, where they change into chrysalids, and in that state have the faculty of breathing through two small curve horns; besides which they are endowed with progressive motion, but not retrogressive, being impeded by little spines placed on every ring of the abdomen. The larvæ and chrysalids of the little tipulæ are found in water. They are various in color, form, and carriage; some being gray, others brown, and others red; some, like the polypus, furnished with a pair of arms; several with cylindrical tubes that perform the office of vent holes. These swim with nimbleness; those never leave the holes they have dug for themselves in the banks of rivulets. Lastly, others make a silken cod that receives part of their body; but all of them, after a period, renounce their reptile and aquatic life, and get wings; their frame is then so weak. that a touch is enough to crush them. They are sometimes of a beautiful green, sometimes coal black; and the most remarkable are those whose fore-legs, extraordinarily long, do not touch the ground, and are moveable like antennæ. TIRABOSCHI (Jerome), a celebrated Italian writer, born at Bergamo, in 1731. He was a Jesuit, and became professor of oratory at Milan, and librarian to the duke of Modena, who ennobled him. He wrote, 1. Memoirs of the Order of Homilies. 2. History of the Writers of Modena, in 6 vols. 4to. 3. History of Italian Literature, from the age of Augustus, 13 vols. 4to. He died in 1794. TIRAQUEAU, or TIRAQUELLUS (Andrew), a French lawyer of the sixteenth century. He was a counsellor in the parliament of Paris, and labored much to banish chicanery from the law. He was much employed by Francis I. and Henry II. in important affairs, and approved himself a man of integrity. His works make 7 vols. folio. He died in 1574. TIRAS, a son of Japhet, the founder of Thrace. TIRINGHOUSE, TIRINGROOM, Saxon rine; Belgic tuyr; Fr. tours, a head dress. Sometimes written tier, and used |