I have the tooth-ach. Id. Cymbeline. -What, sigh for the tooth-ach! Which is but an humour or a worm. Shakspeare. I will fetch you a toothpicker from the farthest inch of Asia. Id. Much Ado About Nothing. Some are good to be eaten while young, but nothing toothsome as they grow old. Carew. Nature with Scots as tooth-drawers hath dealt, Who use to string their teeth upon their belt. Cleaveland. Preserve my woods, whereof, if this course hold, there will hardly be found in some places enough to make a toothpick. Howel's England's Tears. One was grown desperate with the toothach. Temple. It is common to tooth in the stretching course two inches with the stretcher only. Moxon's Mechanical Exercises. TOP'KNOT, n. s. Welsh top; Teut. topt. The highest part of a thing; highest place or rank: hence crown of the head; surface; and hence, perhaps, the toy so called, from its resemblance to the fruit of the fir, a high tree as an adjective, lying on or at the top to top is to rise aloft; be eminent or conspicuous; excel: as a verb active, to tip; cover or defend on the tip; rise above; rise to the uppermost part of; transcend; crop the topgallant is the highest sail : hence any thing elevated or splendid: topknot, a knot worn on the top of the head: topping and toppingly both mean fine; noble; gallant: to topple, to fall down; tumble: topproud, proud in a high degree: topsail, a high sail: topsyturvy, as Skinner thinks, from top in turf', bottom upwards (Thomson, top-side, and Goth. twervis, as the Swed. say twærwis, reversed) the other compounds do not seem to require explanation. 6 These toppinglie ghests be in number but ten, As welcome to dairie as beares among men. Tusser. All suddenly was turned topsyturvy, the noble lord Eftsoons was blamed, the wretched people pitied, and new counsels plotted. Spenser on Ireland. Contarenus, meeting with the Turk's gallies, which would not vail their topsails, fiercely assailed them. Knolles. If we without his help can make a head To push against the kingdom; with his help We shall o'erturn it topsyturvy down. Shakspeare. Henry IV. Though bladed corn be lodged, and trees blown down ; Though castles topple on their warders' heads. This top-proud fellow, Id. By intelligence I do know To be corrupt and treasonous. Since I pluckt geese, played truant, and whipt top, I knew not what it was to be beaten till lately. Let's take the instant by the forward top; For we are old, and on our quickest decrees The' inaudible and noiseless foot of time Steals, ere we can effect them. Tis a per'lous boy, The point hooked down like that of an eagle; and Bold, quick, ingenious, forward, capable; He's all the mother's from the top to toe. both the edges toothed, as in the Indian crow. Grew's Museum. Id. Id. Here is a mount, whose toppe seems to despise So horses they affirm to be To him the fairest nymphs do show Hudibras. Waller. Till a considerable part of the air was drawn out of the receiver, the tube continued topful of water as at first. Boyle. That government which takes in the consent of the greatest number of the people, may justly be said to have the broadest bottom; and, if it terminate in the authority of one single person, it may be said to have the narrowest top, and so makes the firmest pyramid. Temple. As young striplings whip the top for sport, On the smooth pavement of an empty court, The wooden engine flies and whirls about, Admired with clamours of the beardless rout. one of the same age bred in his father's family, and bring them into good company together, and then see which of the two will have the more manly carriage. Locke on Education. The thoughts of the mind are uninterruptedly employed by the determinations of the will, influenced by that topping uneasiness while it lasts. Locke. The top stones laid in clay are kept together. Mortimer. Top the bank with the bottom of the ditch. Id. Top your rose trees a little with your knife near a leaf bud. Evelyn's Kalendar. The pitsaw enters the one end of the stuff, the topman at the top, and the pitman under him, the topman observing to guide the saw exactly in the line. Moxon's Mechanical Exercises. The topping fellow I take to be the ancestor of the fine fellow. Tatler. Zeal being the top and perfection of so many religious affections, the causes of it must be most emiSprut. nent. God told man what was good, but the devil surnamed it evil, and thereby turned the world topsyturvy, and brought a new chaos upon the whole creation. South Men piled on men with active leaps arise, And build the breathing fabrick to the skies; A sprightly youth, above the topmost row, Points the tall pyramid, and crowns the show. Addison. Pope. The top of my ambition is to contribute to that work. Id. As to stiff gales topheavy pines bow low Their heads, and lift them as they cease to blow. Id. Id. Topheavy drones, and always looking down, As over-ballasted within the crown, Muttering betwixt their lips some mystick thing. Man is but a topsyturvy creature; his head where his heels should be, grovelling on the earth. Swift. Fill the largest tankard-cup topful. One was ingenious in his thoughts, and bright in his language; but so topful of himself, that he let it spill on all the company. Watts on the Mind. The buds made our food are called heads or tops, as cabbage heads. Id. A top may be used with propriety in a similitude by a Virgil, when the sun may be dishonoured by a Mævius. Broome. TOP, in ship-building, a sort of platform surrounding the lower mast-head, from which it projects on all sides like a scaffold. The principal intention of the top is to extend the topmast shrouds, so as to form a greater angle with the mast, and thereby give an additional support to the latter. It is sustained by certain timbers fixed across the hounds or shoulders of the mast, and called the trestle-trees and cross-trees. Besides the use above-mentioned, the top is otherwise extremely convenient to contain the materials necessary for extending the small sails, and for fixing or repairing the rigging and machinery with more facility and expedition. In ships of war it is used as a kind of redoubt, and is accordingly fortified for attack or defence; being furnished with swivels, musketry, and other firearms, and guarded by a thick fence of corded hammocks. Finally it is employed as a place for looking out, either in the day or night. TO'PARCH, n. s. Gr. Tоnоg and aoxn. The principal man in a place. They are not to be conceived potent monarchs, but toparchs, or kings of narrow territories. Sandys's Parageon. The golden stone is the yellow topaz. TOPAZ, in mineralogy, a gem called by the ancients chrysolite, as being of a gold color; but now ranked as only a variety of the sapphire. See MINERALOGY. The finest topazes in the world are found in the East Indies; but they are very rare there of any great size; the great Mogul, however, possesses one which is said to weigh 157 carats, and to be worth more than £20,000. The topazes of Peru are next in beauty and in value. The European are principally found in Silesia and Bohemia, and are generally full of cracks and flaws, and of a brownish yellow. Very beautiful stones of this kind are found in. Arran and Cairngorm, in Scotland. According to professor Jameson, this mineral species contains three sub-species, common topaz, schorlite, and physalite. An Common topaz.-Color wine-yellow. In granular concretions, disseminated and crystallised. Its primitive form is an oblique prism of 124° 22'. The following are secondary forms. oblique four-sided prism, acuminated by four planes; the same, with the acute lateral edges bevelled; the same, with a double acumination; and several other modifications, for which consult Jameson's Min. vol. I. p. 75. The lateral planes are longitudinally streaked. Splendent and vitreous. Cleavage perfect and perpendicular to the axis of the prism. Fracture, small conchoidal. Transparent. Refracts double. Harder than quartz, or emerald; but softer than corundum. Easily frangible. Specific gravity 3'4 to 36. Saxon topaz in a gentle heat be comes white, but a strong heat deprives it of lustre and transparency. The Brasilian, on the contrary, by exposure to a high temperature, burns rose-red, and in a still higher violet-blue. Before the blowpipe it is infusible. The topaz Topaz forms an essential constituent of a particular mountain rock, which is an aggregate of topaz, quartz, and schorl, and is named topazrock. Topaz occurs in drusy cavities in granite. It has been also discovered in nests, in transition clay-slate; and it is found in rolled pieces in alluvial soil. It occurs in large crystals, and rolled masses, in an alluvial soil, in the granite and gneiss districts of Mar and Cairngorm, in the upper parts of Aberdeenshire; and in veins, along with tin-stone, in clay-slate at St. Anne's, Cornwall. On the continent it appears most abundantly in topaz-rock at Schneckenstein.Jameson. TOPAZ, in geography, an island in the Red Sea, so named, according to Pliny, from Toral, tc seek, being often surrounded with fog, and difficult to find. It was famous for topazes. See Plin. lib. xxxvii. c. 8. TOPAZOLITE is a variety of precious garnet found at Mussa in Piedmont. TOPE, v. n. Fr. toper; Teut. topff, an earther pot; Belg. toppen, to be mad. Skinner prefers the latter etymology. To drink hard; drink to TOPHUS, in medicine, a chalky or stony concretion in any part of the body, as the bladder, kidney, &c., but especially the joints. TOPIC, n. s. TOP'ICAL, adj. TOP'ICALLY, adv. Fr. topique; Gr. Tòπog. Principle of persuasion; general head; in medicine, some local application: the adjective and adverb corresponding. Topical or probable arguments, either from consequence of scripture, or from human reason, ought not to be admitted or credited against the consentient testin.ony and authority of the ancient catholick church. White. This topically applied becomes a phænigmus, or rubifying medicine, and is of such fiery parts, that they have of themselves conceived fire and burnt a house. Id. Vulgar Errours. I might dilate on the difficulties, the temper of the people, the power, arts, and interest of the contrary party; but those are invidious topicks, too Dryden. green in remembrance. Let them argue over all the topicks of divine goodness and human weakness, and whatsoever other pretences sinking sinners catch at to save themselves by, yet how trifling must be their plea! South's Sermons. In the cure of strumæ, the topicks ought to be discutient. Wiseman's Surgery. The principal branches of preaching are, to tell the people what is their duty, and then convince them that it is so the topicks for both are brought from scripture and reason. Swift. All arts and sciences have some general subjects, called topicks, or common places; because middle terms are borrowed, and arguments derived from them for the proof of their various propositions. Watts's Logick. TOPICS, in oratory. See ORATORY. TOPICS, or TOPICAL MEDICINES, are the same with the external ones, or those applied outwardly to some diseased and painful parts; such are plasters, cataplasms, unguents, &c. TOPLADY (Augustus Montague), M. A., a late celebrated English divine, born at Farnham, in Surrey, in 1735; and educated at Westminster and Dublin. He became vicar of Broadhembury, Devonshire; but removed to London for his health, where he died in 1778. He wrote Historic Proof of the Doctrinal Calvinism of the Church of England; and other works, in 6 vols. 8vo. TOP-MAST, the second division of a mast, or that part which stands between the upper and lower pieces. See MAST. TOPOGRAPHY, n. s. Fr. topographie; Gr. TOTOс and ypapw. Description of particular places. That philosophy gives the exactest topography of the extramundane spaces. Glanville's Scepsis. The topography of Sulmo in the Latin makes but an awkward figure in the version. Cromwell. TOPSAILS are certain large sails extended across the top-masts by the topsail-yard above, and by the yard attached to the lower mast beneath; being fastened to the former by robands, and to the latter by means of two great blocks fixed on its extremities, through which the topsail sheets are inserted, passing thence to two other blocks fixed on the inner part of the yard close by the mast; and from these latter the sheets lead downwards to the deck, where they may be slackened or extended at pleasure. See SAIL. TOPSHAM, a sea-port and market-town, parish of Wonford hundred, Devon, nearly surrounded by the rivers Clyst and Exe, three miles and a half S. S. E. from Exeter, and 170 south-west from London. The town consists of and here is a very long and commodious quay. several good streets, the houses are well built, The southern extremity, called the Strand, is the most agreeable, as the river flows within a short distance of the houses, which have a beautiful view. The church stands near the centre of the town. This town is considered as the port of Exeter, as all large vessels here take in and discharge their cargoes. It is also the station of the officers of the customs and excise. The road between this town and Exeter is remarkably pleasant, and is made more so by the many agreeable seats that are scattered near it. High water at full and change, half past six o'clock. Market on Saturday. Fair, St. Margaret's-day. TOPSHAM, a considerable township of the United States, in Lincoln county, Maine, on the north side of the Androscoggin, opposite Brunswick, nineteen miles west of Wiscasset, and 140 northeast of Boston. TOR, an ancient town of Arabia, near the head of the Red Sea. It was once of great importance, and a great part of the merchandise Since Suez became the emporium of the Red conveyed to Syria and India was landed here. Sea, Tor has sunk into insignificance; and only the vessels which are prevented by strong northerly winds from reaching Suez unlade their cargoes at Tor. The harbour is formed by a reef of coral rocks, and to the northward by a low point of land, on which is placed a beacon. The monks of Sinai have a convent here, to which they sometimes retire; and here is found the best water on the Red Sea, but no other refreshments can be got nearer than Sinai. The coast is remarkable for the variety of madrepore and other species of coral. TORBAY, a commodious bay on the coast of Devon, five miles north-east of Dartmouth, near a village called Brixham. It is formed by two capes, that on the east called Bob's-nose, and that on the west Berry-head; it is about twelve miles in circumference. This is the general rendezvous of the royal navy against westerly winds. Near this bay is a remarkable place called Kent's Hold, consisting of many large caverns, entered by subterraneous passages, through one of which runs a rivulet of water. High water at full and change, at a quarter past six o'clock. Berry-head flag-staff, lat. 50° 44′ N., long. 28° 14′ W. TORCELLO, a large town of Austrian Italy, TORCH, n. s. Ere the horses of the sun shall bring Their fiery torcher his diurnal ring. Id. When the Emperor Charles had clasped Germany almost in his fist, he was forced to go from Isburg, and, as if in a mask, by torchlight, to quit every foot he had gotten. Bacon. If thou like a child didst fear before, Being in the dark, where thou didst nothing see; Now I have brought thee torchlight, fear no more. Davies. They light the nuptial torch, and bid invoke Hymen. Milton. Never was known a night of such distraction; Noise so confused and dreadful; torches gliding Like meteors by each other in the streets. Dryden. When men of infamy to grandeur soar, They light a torch to shew their shame the more. Young. TORDESILLAS, a well-built town in the north-west of Spain, in the province of Leon, on the right bank of the Douro, over which there is a very fine bridge. Inhabitants 4000. Here is an hospital and several churches, and a royal residence of old date, the retreat of the mother of the emperor Charles V. Twenty-five miles W. S. W. of Valladolid. TORDYLIUM, hart-wort, in botany, a genus of plants belonging to the class of pentandria, and order of digynia; and in the natural system arranged under the forty-fifth order, umbellatæ. The corollets are radiated, and all hermaphrodite; the fruit is roundish, and crenated on the margin; the involucra long and undivided. There are seven species, of which two are British; viz. 1. T. nodosum, or knotted parsley, has simple sessile umbels, the external seeds being rough. It grows in the borders of cornfields, and in dry stony places. 2. T. officinale, officinal hart-wort, has partial involucra as long as the flowers; leaflets oval and jagged; the seeds are large and flat, and their edges notched. TORELLI (Joseph), was born at Verona in 1721. He received the degree of LL. D. Being in possession of a considerable fortune, he was enabled to devote himself entirely to literature. Though he did not practise as a lawyer, he did not relinquish the study of law. He acquired the Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and Italian languages; also French, Spanish, and English. In fact his acquirements in every branch of learning and sciences were only equalled by his virtues. He died in 1781. He was author of twenty different works on various subjects. TORFÆUS (Thermodus), a native of Iceland, of considerable learning and abilities, born in 1639. He became historiographer to the king of Denmark. He wrote the History of Norway; containing also the annals of the northern parts of Scotland, from the year 850 to 1205. He died in 1720, aged eighty-one. TORGAU, a town of Prussian Saxony, in the government of Merseburg, on the Elbe, forty-six miles north-west of Dresden, and sixty-five south by west of Berlin. Its fortifications, formerly limited to the castle of Hastenfels, embrace, since 1810, the town itself, which is now a place of great strength. The inhabitants (about 4500) are manufacturers of woollens, leather, and soap. Here is an hospital, and a church, of which the most remarkable monument is that of Catherine Bora, the wife of Luther. Corn, hops, and to a small extent, vines, are cultivated in the neighbourhood. Torgau has been the scene of several sanguinary conflicts, the most remarkable of which was a victory obtained here on the 11th of November, 1760, over the Austrians, by Frederick II. of Prussia. TORIES, a political faction in Britain, opposed to the Whigs. This name was first given to a set of banditti in Ireland, whose summons to surrender was expressed by the Irish word Toree, i. e. Give me. It was thence transferred to the adherents of Charles I. by his enemies, under the pretence that he favored the rebels in Ireland. His partisans, to be even with the republicans, gave them the name of Whigs, from a word which signifies whey, in derision of their poor fare. The Tories, or cavaliers, as they were also called, had then principally in view the political interests of the king, the crown, and the church of England; and the round-heads, or Whigs, proposed chiefly the maintaining of the rights and interests of the people, and of Protestantism. This is the most popular account; and yet it is certain the names Whig and Tory were but little known till about the middle of the reign of Charles II. M. de Cize relates that it was in the year 1678 that the whole nation was first observed to be divided into Whigs and Tories; and that on occasion of the famous deposition of Titus Oates, who accused the Catholics of having conspired against the king and the state, the appellation of Whig was given to such as believed the plot real, and Tory to those who held it fictitious. TORINI, an ancient nation of Scythia. TORMENT', v. a. Fr. ourmentter. To put TOR'MENT, n. s. to pain; harass; excruciTORMENTOR, n. s. Sate; tease: torment is also any thing that gives pain or misery; penal anguish: a tormentor, the inflicter of such pain Art thou come to torment us before the time? |