mained in the hands of the French during twenty years, from 1794 to 1814.

Few towns are richer in Roman antiquities: the remains of the baths are extensive; but of the circus and amphitheatre there are hardly any traces. The piers of the bridge on the Moselle are the work of either the Romans or Gauls. The corn market at the west end of the town, adjacent to the river, is evidently a Roman work. The university was founded in 1454, and greatly

extended in 1722. After 1794 it was converted by the French into a central school, to which its Prussian possessors have lately given the name of gymnasium. Its classes are held in a pile of building of great size, in one of the wings of which is a library. There is here, under the direction of a society, a good collection of antiques and natural curiosities. Twenty-two miles E.N.E. of Luxemberg, and seventy west by south of Mentz.

TREVES, a small town in the west of France, department of the Maine and Loire, situated on the Loire, about nine miles north-west of

Saumur.

TREVETHIN, a parish of England, in Monmouthshire, six miles and a half W. N. W. of Usk. Population 2423.

TREVI, a small town in the central part of Italy, in the states of the church, situated on a mountain in the delegation of Spoleto. It was anciently called Mutuscæ, and afterwards Tribula.

TREVICO, a small inland town of Italy, in the central part of the kingdom of Naples, in the Principato Ultra, with 2500 inhabitants.

TREVIERES, a small town in the north of France, department of Calvados, with 1000 inhabitants. This is a pasturage district, and exports large quantities of excellent butter. Nine miles west of Bayeux, and twenty-six north

west of Caen.

TREVISANI (Francis), an eminent Italian painter, born at Trieste, in 1656. He married a noble Venetian lady, and settled at Rome, where he acquired great fame, for history and landscapes. He died in 1746.

TREVISI (Jerome), a celebrated Italian painter of history and portraits, born at Treviso, in 1508. He became painter to Henry VIII. king of England; who appointed him engineer at the siege of Boulogne, where he was killed, in 1544.

TREVISO, a well built town of Austrian Italy, capital of the delegation of the same name, situated on the rivers Sile and Piavesella, at their confluence. It is the see of a bishop, and contains 12,000 inhabitants.

TREVOUX, an ancient town of France, in the department of the Ain, and ci-devant province of Bresse. It has an hospital, and a printing office, famous for printing the Jesuit Literary Journals, entitled Memoires de Trevoux; and the Dictionnaire Universel. Trevoux is seated on the Saone, twelve miles north of Lyons, and 188 south by east of Paris. Long. 4° 51′ E.,

lat. 45° 57' N.

TREY, n. s.

cards.

Fr. trois; Lat. tres. A three at

White-handed mistress one sweet word with thee. -Honey, milk, and sugar, there is three.

sey.

Nay then, two treys; metheglin, wort, and malmShakspeare. Love's Labour Lost. TRIABLE, adj. From try. Capable of trial, judicially or otherwise; possible to be experimented.

For the more easy understanding of the experiments triable by our engine, I insinuated that notion, by which all of them will prove explicable. Boyle.

No one should be admitted to a bishop's chancellorship, without good knowledge in the civil and canon laws, since divers causes triable in the spiritual court are of weight. Ayliffe.

TRIAL, n. s. From try. Test; examination; judicial process or examination; temptation; test of virtue; state of being tried.

Others had trial of cruel mockings and scourgings.
Hebrews.

He hath resisted law,
And therefore law shall scorn him further trial
Than the severity of publick power.

Shakspeare. Coriolanus
Good shepherd, tell this youth what 'tis to love.
-It is to be all made of sighs and tears;
It is to be made all of faith and service,
All humbleness, all patience and impatience;
All purity, all trial, all observance.

ld. As You Like It. Skilful gardeners make trial of the seeds by putting them into water gently boiled; and, if good, they will sprout within half an hour. Bacon's Natural History.

Trial is used in law for the examination of all causes, civil or criminal, according to the laws of our realm the trial is the issue, which is tried upon the Cowell. inditement, not the inditement itself.

There is a mixed kind of evidence relating both to the senses and understanding, depending upon our own observation and repeated trials of the issues and events of actions or things, called experience.

Lest our trial, when least sought, May find us both perhaps far less prepared, The willinger I go.

Wilkins.

Milton's Paradise Lost. They shall come upon their trial, have all their actions strictly examined. Nelson.

Every station is exposed to some trials, either temptations that provoke our appetites, or disquiet Rogers.

our fears.

TRIAL, in law,' the examination of a cause according to the laws of the land before a proper judge; or it is the manner and order observed in the hearing and determining of causes. are either civil or criminal.

Trials

TRIALS, CIVIL. The species of trials in civil cases are seven :-By record; by inspection, or examination; by certificate; by witnesses; by wager of battel; by wager of law; and by jury. The first six are only had in certain special or eccentrical cases, where the trial by jury would not be so proper or effectual. See Law.

TRIALLIS, in botany, a genus of plants, of the class decandria, and order of monogynia, ranking in the natural method under the thirtyeighth order, tricoccæ.

TRIANDRIA (from rog, three, avŋo, a man or husband), the name of the third class in Linnæus's sexual system, consisting of plants with hermaphrodite flowers, which have three stamina or male organs. See BOTANY.

TRIANGLE, n. s. Į Fr. triangle; Lat. triTRIANGULAR, adj.) angulum. A figure of three angles: having three angles.

Though a round figure be most capacious for the honey, and convenient for the bee; yet did she not chuse that, because there must have been triangular Ray.

spaces

left void. TRIANGLE, in geometry, a figure of three sides and three angles.

TRIANGULAR COMPASSES are such as have three legs or feet, by which any triangle, or three points, may be taken off at once.

TRIANTHEMA, in botany, horse purslane; a genus of plants, of the class decandria, and order of monogynia, and in the natural method ranking in the thirteenth order, succulentæ.

TRIARII, the most honorable order of Roman soldiers, who were excused from the ordinary watches; yet, when placed opposite to the equites, they were obliged to have an eye over them.

TRIBALLI, a people of Thrace, or Lower Molia. They were conquered by Philip II. of Macedon, and afterwards warred against the Ro

mans.

TRIBE, n. s. Lat. tribus, said to be from trev, British; b and v being labials of promiscuous use in the ancient British. Trev from tir ef, his lands, is supposed by Mr. Rowland to be Celtic, and used before the Romans had any thing, to do with the British government. This notion,' says Dr. Johnson, will not be much recommended, when it is told that he derives centuriæ from trev, supposing it be the same with our centrev, importing a hundred trevs or tribes.' A distinct body of people as divided by family, fortune, or any other characteristic.

If the heads of the tribes can be taken off, and the misled multitude will see their error, such extent of mercy is honourable.

Bacon's Advice to Villiers. I ha' been writing all this night unto all the tribes And centuries for their voices, to help Catiline In his election.

Ben Jonson.

I congratulate my country upon the increase of this happy tribe of men, since, by the present parliament, the race of freeholders is spreading into the Addison.

remotest corners.

A TRIBUNE, among the ancient Romans, was a magistrate chosen out of the commons, to protect them against the oppressions of the great, and to defend the liberty of the people against the attempts of the senate and consuls. The tribunes of the people were first established A. U. C. 259. The first design of their creation was to shelter the people from the cruelty of usurers, and to engage them to quit the Aventine Mount, whither they had retired in displeasure. Their number at first was but two; but the next year, under the consulate of A. Posthumius Aruncius and Cassius Viscellinus, there were three more added: and this number of five was afterwards increased by L. Trebonius

TRIBUTARY, adj & n. s. tributum. Payment made in acknowledgment; subjection: paying such acknowledgment; paid in tribute: he who pays tribute.

Fr. tribulation. Per

The just shall dwell,

And, after all their tribulations long,

Hooker.

Atterbury.

Yet oft the Briton kings against them strongly Spenser.

swayed.

Whilst Malvern, king of hills, fair Severn overlooks,

Attended on in state with tributary brooks.

She receives

Drayton.

Milton.

A man shall make his fortune in a trice,
If blessed with pliant, though but slender sense,
Feigned modesty, and real impudence.

Young. TRICHECUS, the walrus, a genus of aquatic animals, belonging to the class of mammalia, and order of bruta. This genus has no fore teeth, when full grown; has two great tusks in the upper jaw, which point downwards; has grinders on each side in both jaws, which are composed of furrowed bones. The body is oblong; the lips are doubled; and the hind legs are stretched backwards, and, as it were, bound together, forming a kind of tail fitted for swimming. There are three species; viz. 1. T. dagon, the Indian walrus, is distinguished by the tusks, which extend out of the mouth from the upper jaw, being placed near each other. It inhabits the sea lying between the Cape of Good Hope and the Philippine Islands. This animal, so far as can be known, resembles the morse very much; the head is, however, more lengthened and narrower; the nostrils large, and placed higher; there are two tusks in the under jaw, but those in the upper jaw are placed near each other, bent outwards, and resemble cutting teeth, only that they are nearly six inches long; there are four grinders on each side in the upper jaw, and three in the lower; these last are distant from the tusks, and are broader than those of the morse; the female has two teats on the breast; the chin has a bristly beard; the ears are short; the feet broad; and the legs so short that the belly trails on the ground. When full grown, the animal is six ells in length; the male being rather larger than the female, which has breasts like a woman: it feeds on a green sea moss or weed, which grows near the shore. The figure, manners, and history, of this animal, are very imperfectly known; but we are informed that its flesh eats like beef. 2. T. manatus, fish tailed walrus, manati, or sea cow, has no tusks, and no hind feet. Of this species there are two varieties; viz. i. T. manatus australis, or lamantin; inhabits the African and American seas, particularly near the mouths of rivers, which

they frequently enter, seldom going far from the shore. The lamantin varies in size from eight to seventeen feet long, is six or seven in circumference, and from 500 to 800 lbs. weight; the skin is of a dark or black ash color; there are nine square shaped grinders on each side in each jaw, which are covered with a glassy crust of enamel; the back bone has fifty joints or vertebræ : it is a thick clumsy animal, having no properly distinct neck, as the body continues almost of an equal thickness to the head. The female has two teats placed near the arm pits. These varieties differ considerably in size. This animal is often tamed by the native inhabitants of America; and it delights in music; hence it is cients; and some believe that what has been probably the delphinus or dolphin of the anwritten concerning mermaids and sirens must be referred to this animal. It has a voracious appetite, and is perpetually eating; it is monogamous, or lives in families of one male, one female, a half grown, and a very small young one. It copulates in the spring. When pasturing on the aquatic plants, the back is often above water; and, as the skin is full of a species of louse, numbers of sea fowls perch on them, to pick out the insects. They bellow like bulls; their sight is very weak, but their hearing extremely acute; the fore feet are palinated and fin-shaped, almost like those of a sea turtle; and, instead of hind feet, they have a horizontal tail; they have no external ears: the nostrils are distinct, and at a distance from each other; the females have two teats about the breast; the upper lip is full of sharp, prickly, rigid bristles. This animal has great affinity to the whale and seal tribes. The flesh is very good eating. ii. T. manatus borealis, the whale-tailed manati, inhabits the north-west coast of America, the north-east of Asia, and the islands which lie between these two coasts. This animal very often enters the mouths of the rivers; is sometimes twenty-three feet long, and weighs 8000 lbs. ; the skin, while wet, is of a brown color, but becomes black when dry. Instead of grinders, this species has, on each side of its jaw, a large rugged bone. The back bone has sixty vertebræ or joints; the body is very clumsy, and much deformed; its circumference at the shoulders is twelve feet, at the belly twenty, and near the tail only four; the neck is nearly seven feet round, and the head only thirty-one inches. They live perpetually in the water, and frequent the edges of the shores; and in calm weather swim in droves near the mouths of rivers; in the time of the flood they come so near the land that a person may stroke them with his hand; if hurt, they swim out to sea, but presently return again. The females oblige the young to swim before them, while the other old ones surround, and, as it were, guard them on all sides. The affection between the male and female is very great; for, if she is attacked, he will defend her to the utmost; and, if she is killed, will follow her corpse to the very shore, and swim for some days near the place it has been landed at. They copulate in the spring, in the same manner as the human kind. Steller thinks they go with young about a year; it is certain that they

bring but one young at a time. They are vastly voracious and gluttonous; and feed not only on the fuci that grow in the sea, but such as are flung on the edges of the shore. During their meals, they are so intent on their food that any one may go among them and choose which he likes best. Peter Martyr gives an instance of one that lived in a lake of Hispaniola for twentyfive years, and was so tame as to come to the edge of the shore on being called; and would even perform the part of a ferry, and carry several people at a time on its back to the opposite shore. Their back and their sides are generally above water. They continue in the Kamtschatchan and American seas the whole year; but in winter are very lean, so that one may count their ribs. They are taken by harpoons fastened to a strong chord; and, after they are struck, it requires the united force of thirty men to draw them on shore. Sometimes, when they are transfixed, they will lay hold of the rocks with their paws, and stick so fast as to leave the skin behind before they can be forced off. When a manati is struck, its companions swim to its assistance; some will attempt to overturn the boat by getting under it; others will press down the rope, in order to break it; and others will strike at the harpoon with their tails, with a view of getting it out, in which they often succeed. They have not any voice; but make a noise by hard breathing like the snorting of a horse. The skin is very thick, black, and full of inequalities, like the bark of oak, and so hard as scarcely to be cut with an axe, and has no hair on it; beneath is a thick blubber, which tastes like oil of almonds. The flesh is coarser than beef, and will not soon putrefy. The young ones taste like veal. The skin is used for shoes, and for covering the sides of boats. 3. T. rosmarus, the morse, or sea horse, has a round head; small mouth; very thick lips, covered above and below with pellucid bristles as thick as straw; small fiery eyes; two small orifices instead of ears; short neck; body thick in the middle, tapering towards the tail; skin thick, wrinkled, with short brownish hairs thinly dispersed; legs short, five toes on each, all connected by webs, and small nails on each; the hind feet are very broad; each leg loosely articulated; the hind legs generally extended on a line with the body; the tail is very short; penis long; length of the animal from nose to tail sometimes eighteen feet, and ten or twelve round in the thickest part; the teeth have been sometimes found of the weight of thirty pounds each. Teeth of this size are only found on the coast of the Icy Sea, where the animals are seldom molested, and have time to attain their full growth. They inhabit the coast of Spitzbergen, Nova Zembla, Hudson's Bay, and the Gulf of St. Lawrence; and the Icy Sea, as far as Cape Tschuktschi. They are gregarious; in some places appearing in herds of hundreds. They are shy, and avoid places which are much haunted by mankind; but are very fierce. If wounded in the water, they attempt to sink the boat, either by rising under it, or by striking their great teeth into the sides; they roar very loud, and will follow the boat till it gets out of sight. Numbers of them are often

seen sleeping on an island of ice; if awaked, they fling themselves with great impetuosity into the sea; at which time it is dangerous to approach the ice, lest they should tumble into the boat and overset it. They do not go upon the land till the coast is clear of ice. They are killed for the sake of their oil, one walrus producing about half a ton. The knowledge of this chase is of great antiquity; Octher the Norwegian, about A. D. 890, made a report of it to king Alfred, having, as he says, made the voyage beyond Norway, for the more commoditie of fishing of horse whales, which have in their teeth bones of great price and excellency, whereof he brought some at his return unto the king. In fact, it was in the northern world, in early times, the substitute for ivory, being very white and very hard. Their skins, Octher says, were good to cut into cables. M. de Buffon says he has seen braces for coaches made of the skin, which were both strong and elastic. They bring one, or at most two, young at a time; they feed on sea herbs and fish; also on shells, which they dig out of the sand with their teeth; they are said also to make use of their teeth to ascend rocks or pieces of ice, fastening them to the cracks, and drawing their bodies up by that means. Besides mankind, they seem to have no other enemy than the white bear, with whom they have terrible combats; but generally come off victorious, by means of their great teeth.

TRICHILIA, in botany, a genus of plants, in the class decandria, and order of monogynia; and in the natural method ranking in the twentythird order, trihilatæ.

TRICHINOPOLY, a fortified town in the Southern Carnatic, situated on the south side of the Cavery, 107 miles south-east from Pondicherry. The country round Trichinopoly, although not so highly cultivated as Tanjore, is rendered productive of rice by the vicinity of that branch of the Cavery named the Coleroon. The size and situation of the city, the abundance of subsistence in the neighbourhood, and the long residence of Mahommed Ali's second son Ameer ul Omrah, rendered Trichinopoly the favorite residence of the Mahometans in the Southern Carnatic. On the adjacent island of Seringham are two magnificent pagodas, which have long commanded the veneration of the Hindoos. This city was the capital of a Hindoo principality until 1736, when Chunda Saheb acquired it by treachery, but lost it to the Mahrattas in 1741. From these depredators it was taken in 1743 by Nizam ul Muluck, who, on his departure to the Deccan, delegated Anwar ud Deen to administer the affairs of the Carnatic; and on his death, in 1749, it devolved by inheritance to his second son the nabob Mahommed Ali. It in consequence sustained a memorable siege by the French and their allies, which lasted from 1751 until 1755, in the course of which the most brilliant exploits were performed on both sides; but the extraordinary military talents displayed by Lawrence, Clive, Kilpatrick, Dalton, and other officers, and the heroic valor of the British grenadiers, preserved the city and established the British candidate on the throne of the Carnatic. At present Trichinopoly is the capital of one of

the districts, into which the territory under the Madras presidency has been subdivided; but up to 1812 had not been permanently assessed for the revenue. Travelling distance from Madras 268 miles; from Seringapatam 205.

TRICHOMANES, in botany, a genus of plants belonging to the class of cryptogamia, and order of silices. The parts of fructification are solitary, and terminated by a style like a bristle, on the very edge of the leaf. There are thirteen species; of which two are natives of Britain, the pixidiferum and tunbrigense. 1. T. pixidiferum, the cup trichomanes, has sub-bipinnated leaves, the pinnæ being alternate, close-lobed, and linear. It is found among stones in wet grounds in England. 2. T. Tunbrigense, the Tunbridge trichomanes, has pinnated leaves, the pinnæ being oblong, dichotomous, decurrent, and dentated. It is found in the fissures of moist rocks in Wales, and in many rocky places in Scotland.

TRICHOTOMY, n. s. Gr. τριχοτομέω. Division into three parts.

Some disturb the order of nature by dichotemies, trichotomies, sevens, twelves; let the subject, with the design you have in view, determine the number of parts into which you divide it. Watts.

TRICHOSANTHES, in botany, serpent cucumber, a genus of plants belonging to the class of monœcia, and order of syngenesia; and in the natural system ranging under the thirty-fourth order, cucurbitaceæ. There are four species; only one of which is cultivated in the British gardens. T. anguina, the snake-gourd, which is a native of China, an annual, and of the cucumber tribe.

TRICHOSTEMA, in botany, a genus of plants, in the class didynamia, and in the order of gymnospermia; and in the natural method ranking in the forty-second order, verticillatæ. TRICK', n. s., v. a., & v. n. TRICK'ER, n. s.

TRICK'ING,

TRICK'ISH, adj. TRICK'SY.

Sax. thugan; Belgic treck. A sly fraud, or artifice; juggle; antick; habit: to trick is to cheat; impose upon; also (Goth. traga, draga) to dress; decorate: as a verb neuter live by fraud: a tricker, or trigger, is the catch of a gun-lock. See TRIGGER. Tricking, dress; ornament: trickish, artful; knavish; wanton: tricksy means pretty; attractive.

Their heads are trickt with tassels and flowers.

Sandys.

Gather the lowest, and leaving the top, Shall teach thee a trick for to double thy crop. Tusser.

Prior.

A reverend prelate stopped his coach and six, To laugh a little at our Andrew's tricks. It is impossible that the whole world should thus conspire to cheat themselves, to put a delusion on mankind, and trick themselves into belief.

Stephens's Sermons. All he says is in a loose, flippery, and trickish way of reasoning. Pope.

And now, as oft in some distempered state, On one nice trick depends the general fate. Id. Dan. and Swed. trilla; TRIC'KLE, v. n. Teut. trieflan-Thomson. To fall in drops; rill in a slender stream.

He, pricked with pride, The red blood, trickling, stained the way. Spenser. Forth spurred fast; adown his courser's side

Some noises help sleep; as, the blowing of the wind, and trickling of water, as moving in the spirits a gentle attention, which stilleth the discursive motion. Bacon.

He lay stretched along, his eyes fixt upward, And ever and anon a silent tear

Stole down and trickled from his hoary head.

Dryden. The emblems of honour wrought on the front in the brittle materials above-mentioned, trickled away under the first impressions of the heat.

Addison's Freeholder. How fluent nonsense trickles from his tongue.

Pope.

TRICOCCÆ, Tрc, three, and KOKKos, a grain, the name of the thirty-eighth order in Linnæus's fragments of a natural method, consisting of plants with a single three-cornered capsule, having three cells, or internal divisions, each containing a single seed. See BOTANY.

TRICORII, an ancient nation of Gaul, who