A circle regularly true.

South.

Prior.

world, so it gives the truest value to them who proReligion, as it is the most valuable thing in the mote the practice of it by their example and authority. Atterbury. True to his charge, the bard preserved her long In honour's limits; such the power of song. Pope. TRUFFLE, n. s. French truffle, truffe.

In Italy, the usual method for the finding of truffles or subterraneous mushrooms, called by the Italians tartufali, and in Latin tubera terræ, is by tying a cord to the hind leg of a pig, and driving him, observing where he begins to root. Ray. TRULL, n. s. Italian trulla. A low whore; a strumpet.

I'm sure I scared the dauphin and his trull.

Shakspeare.

To trumpet such good tidings? Shakspeare. They went with sound of trumpet; for they did nothing but publish and trumpet all the reproaches they could devise against the Irish.

Bacon's War with Spain. Where there is an opinion to be created of virtue or greatness, these men are good trumpeters.· Id. Essays. A breast of brasse, a voyce

Infract and trump-like.

Chapman.

Wesley.

TRUM'PERY, n. s. Fr. tromperie, a cheat. Something fallaciously splendid, or of less value than it seems; falsehood; trifles.

The trumpery in my house bring hither, For state to catch these thieves.

Shakspeare. Tempest. Breaking into parts the story of the creation, and delivering it over in a mystical sense, wrapping it up mixed with other their own trumpery, they have

sought to obscure the truth thereof.

Raleigh's History of the World. Embrios and idiots, eremits and friars, White, black, and grey, with all their trumpery. Milton.

The TRUMPET is used chiefly in war, among the cavalry, to direct them in the service. Some Greek historians ascribe the invention to the Tyrrhenians; but others, with greater probability, to the Egyptians. The trumpet was not ir use among the Greeks at the time of the Trojan war; though it was in common use in the time of Homer. According to Potter (Arch. Græc. vol. ii. cap. 9), before the invention of trumpets, the first signals of battle in primitive wars were lighted torches; to these succeeded shells of fishes, which were sounded like trumpets.

That the speaking trumpet was well known to the ancient Greeks, the trumpet of Alexander, and the whispering caverns of Dionysius, will not allow us to doubt. It is also certain, from Beritaria's History of the Jesuits, that this instrument was in use in Peru in the sixteenth century. About the middle of the last century, Athanasius Kircher, in different works, threw out many useful and scientific hints on the conand KIRCHER); which for some time did not struction of speaking trumpets (see ACOUSTICS, attract much notice. About the year 1670, Sir Samuel Morland exhibited some instruments which he called stentorophonic horns, which conveyed articulate sounds to a surprising distance, and he proposed a question to the Royal Society, respecting the best form for a speaking trumpet, vindicating at the same time that of his own instrument, which was conical, suddenly spreading at the mouth. The subject attracted attention on the continent, and a Mr. Gassegrain proposed a conoid, formed by the revolution of a hyperbola round its assymptote, as the best form. A Mr. Hase of Wirtemberg, on the other hand, proposed a parabolic conoid, having the mouth of the speaker placed in the focus. Which form is the best? is a question that involves some profound mathematical considerations. Mr. Lambert of Berlin reasons in the following manner in favor of the conical shape, which is universally adopted :-Sound naturally spreads in all directions; but we know that echoes or reflected sounds proceed almost strictly in certain limited directions. If therefore we contrive a trumpet in such a way that the lines of echo shall be confined within a certain space, it is reasonable to suppose that the sound will become more audible, in proportion as this diffusion is prevented. Therefore, if we can oblige a sound, which in the open air would have diffused itself over a hemisphere, to keep within a cone of 120°, we should expect it to be

twice as audible within this cone. This will be accomplished by making the reflexions such that the lines of reflected sound shall be confined within this cone. We here suppose that

nothing is lost in the reflexion.

The construction of a speaking trumpet is a problem, certainly, of some nicety; and, as the trials are always made at some considerable distance, it may frequently happen that a trumpet, which is not heard at one mile's distance, may be made very audible two miles off by cutting off a piece at its wide end. We shall find the parabolic

conoid the preferable shape for an acoustic trumpet; because, the sounds coming into the instrument in a direction parallel to the axis, they are reflected so as to pass through the focus. The parabolic conoid must therefore be cut through the focus, that the sounds may not go out again by the subsequent reflections; and they must be received into a cylindrical pipe of one-third of an inch in diameter. Therefore the parameter of this parabola is one-sixth of an inch, and the focus is one-twelfth of an inch from the vertex. This determines the whole instrument; for they are all portions of one parabolic conoid. Suppose that the instrument is required to approximate the sound twelve times, as in the example of the conical instrument: the ordinate at the mouth must be twelve times the sixth of an inch, or two inches; and the mouth diameter is four inches, as in the conical instrument. In trumpets for assisting the hearing, all reverberations of the It must be made trumpet must be avoided. thick, of the least elastic materials, and covered with cloth externally. For all reverberation lasts for a short time, and produces new sounds which mix with those that are coming in. We

must also observe that no acoustic trumpet can separate those sounds to which we listen, from others that are made in the same direction. All are received by it, and magnified in the same proportion. This is frequently a very great inconvenience. There is also another imperfection, which we imagine cannot be removed, namely, an odd confusion, which cannot be called indistinctness, but a feeling as if we were in the midst of an echoing room. The cause seems to be this hearing gives us some perception of the direction of the sounding object, not indeed very precise, but sufficiently so for most purposes. In all instruments which we have described for constipating sounds, the last reflections are made in directions very much inclined to the axis, and inclined in many different degrees. Therefore they have the appearance of coming from different quarters; and, instead of the perception of a single speaker, we have that of a sounding surface of great extent. We do not know any method of preventing this, and at the same time increasing the sound.

TRUMPET, MARINE, is a musical instrument consisting of three tables, which form its triangular body. It has a very long neck with one single string, very thick, mounted on a bridge, which is firm on one side, but tremulous on the other. It is struck by a bow with one hand, and with the other the string is pressed or stopped on the neck by the thumb. It is the trembling of the bridge when struck, that makes it imitate the sound of a trumpet; which it does to that perfection that it is scarcely possible to distinguish the one from the other. And this is what has given it the denomination of marine trumpet, though, in propriety, it be a kind of monochord. Of the six divisions on the neck of the instrument, the first makes a fifth with the open chord, the second an octave, and so on for the rest, corresponding with the intervals of the military trumpet.

TRU NCHEON, n. s. &
TRUN'CHEONEER. [v. a.

Fr. tronçon. A short staff; club;

TRUN'DLE, v. n. Sax. thenol, a bowl; TRUNDLE-TAIL, n. s. 3 Picard. Fr. trondeler. To roll; bowl along: a trundle-tail is a round Hound or spaniel, brache or lym, Avant, you curs!

tail.

Or bobtail like, or trundle-tail.

Shakspeare. King Lear. In the four first it is heaved up by several spondees intermixed with proper breathing places, and at last trundles down in a continued line of dactyls. Addison's Spectator.

A TRUNDLE is a carriage with low wheels, on which heavy and cumbersome burdens are drawn. TRUNK, n. s. TRUNK'ED, adj. TRUNK HOSE, n. 8. body of any thing; a tube: to trunk is,

Fr. tronc; Lat. truncus. The body of a tree; hence of an animal; the main chest for clothes; a long to lop; maim; truncate: trunkhose, large

trunked, having a trunk breeches of former times.

Large streams of blood out of the trunked stock Forth gushed, like water streams from riven rock. Spenser.

The charm and venom which they drunk Their blood with secret filth infected hath, Being diffused through the senseless trunk.

He was

Id.

Shakspeare.

The ivy, which had hid my princely trunk, And suckt my verdure out on't. Neither press, coffer, chest, trunk, well, vault, but he hath an abstract for the remembrance of such Id. places.

to the one end and the ear to the other, the sound is In rolls of parchment trunks, the mouth being laid heard much farther than in the open air.

Bacon's Natural History. She is thick set with strong and well trunked Howel. trees. About the mossy trunk I wound me soon; For high from ground the branches would require Thy utmost reach.

Milton's Paradise Lost. Leviathan that at his gills Draws in, and at his trunk spouts out a sea.

Some odd fantastick lord would fain

Milton.

Carry in trunks, and all my drudgery do. Dryden.
When elephant 'gainst elephant did rear
His trunk, and castles justled in the air,
My sword thy way to victory had shown.
Where a young man learned to dance, there hap-
pened to stand an old trunk in the room; the idea

Id.

of which had so mixed itself with the turns of all his dances, that though he could dance excellently well, yet it was only whilst that trunk was there. Locke. The large trunks of the veins discharge the refluent blood into the next adjacent trunk, and so on to the heart. Ray.

The short trunk-hose shall show thy foot and knee Licentious, and to common eye-sight free; And with a bolder stride, and looser air, Mingled with men, a man thou must appear.

Prior.

Some of the largest trees have seeds no bigger than some diminutive plants, and yet every seed is a perfect plant, with a trunk, branches, and leaves, inclosed in a shell.

Your poem sunk,

And sent in quires to line a trunk: If still you be disposed to rhyme, Go try your hand a second time.

Bentley.

Swift.

TRUNK, in botany, that part of the herb which arises immediately from the root, and is terminated by fructification; the leaves, buds, and auxiliary parts of the herb, not entering in its description. See BOTANY, Index.

TRURO, a borough and market-town, in the hundred of Powder; distant 255 miles W. S. W. from London; eighty-two south-west from Exeter; and fifty-three nearly west from Devonport. It contains 400 houses, and about 3000 inhabitants, in what is strictly named the borough, which extends over the whole parish of St. Mary's; and the neighbouring streets or suburbs, in the parishes of St. Clement and Kenwyn, contain nearly double that number. Although the town is of no very remote antiquity, yet its central situation with respect to the commerce and chief productions of the country, its improved and improving state, the handsome appearance of several of its streets and buildings, its increased population, and the similarity of its local regulations to those of the principal cities of the kingdom, justly entitle it to be considered as the metropolis of the county. It is situated in a deep dell, at the conflux of the two small rivers Kenwyn and St. Allen, which direct their streams on each side of the town, and at the bottom unite with a branch of Falmouth harbour, commonly called Truro Creek or River.At every spring tide the collected waters form a fine lake, two miles in length, and of sufficient depth to be navigable for vessels of upwards of 100 tons burden; which advantageous situation has, without doubt, been the principal cause of the rapid improvement of the town. Truro returns two members to parliament. This priviledge was conferred in the twenty-third year of Edward I., and the right of election was vested in the mayor, four aldermen, and twenty capital burgesses. The trade of Truro consists principally in exporting tin and copper ore; the former to the Mediterranean, and the latter to Wales. Coals are brought here by vessels from the principality, and timber (used chiefly in the mines) by ships from Norway. On the great road to Falmouth (rising with gentle acclivity on a considerable hill) an elegant new street, called Lemon Street, has been formed, in which sufficient attention has been paid to space and convenience. The houses are built on a regular scale, and faced with granite. The town consists of

about twelve streets, through the principal of which run the roads to St. Austell, on the east; to Falmouth, on the south; to Redruth, on the west; and to Bodmin, on the north. The town, being nearly surrounded by water, is connected with its suburbs by short stone bridges, which derive their names from the direction in which they lie, as the east-bridge, the west-bridge, &c. The public buildings are as follow:-the church, a spacious and handsome fabric, of that elegant kind of architecture which flourished in England about the time of Henry VII. It stands near the centre of the town in an open space called the Cross. The town-hall, which stands over the principal entrance of the market, is a plain, substantial building of stone, consisting of two large airy rooms, in which the magisterial business of the town is transacted, and the Easter quarter sessions for the county, as well as the petty sessions for the western division of the hundred, are held. The coinage-hall is an ancient heavy structure, standing at the east end of Boscawen Street, in which the process of coining the tin is carried on every quarter, and where the parliaments of the lord-warden of the stanneries, and the courts of his vice-warden, are held for the adjudication of all matters connected with the tin trade. The building has lately been repaired and much improved in its appearance by the late John Vivian, esq., of Truro, then vice-warden, who succeeded to that office on the resignation of John Thomas, esq., of Chiverton, in this neighbourhood. The vice-warden's courts are held regularly on the first Tuesday in every month, but the parliaments are very unusually assembled. The theatre, which stands in the High Cross, possesses no exterior beauty, but is so judiciously contrived within as to be either perfectly adapted for scenic representations, or easily converted into an elegant ball room connected with which are card rooms, and apartments for refreshments. The county infirmary stands on an eminence at the south-west part of the town, and is in the parish of Kenwyn. It is a plain and spacious stone building, well situated with respect to airiness and other conveniences. It was erected by public donations in the year 1799, and is supported by voluntary contributions. The market, which is also of modern erection, is compact and convenient, although rather too small for the increasing population of the town. The market days are Wednesdays and Saturdays, on the latter of which it is abundantly supplied with butchers' meat, poultry, fish, vegetables, and other edibles. Fairs are held here on the Wednesday in MidLent, Wednesday in Whitsun-week, the 19th of November, and the 8th of December. Meeting houses for Independents, Baptists, Methodists, and other sects of dissenters, are in different parts of the town, some of which have Sunday-schools attached to them.

TRU'SION, n. s. Latin trudo. The act of thrusting or pushing.

By attraction we do not understand drawing, pumping, sucking, which is really pulsion and truBentley.

sion.

TRUSLER (Dr. John), a literary compiler, born in London in 1735, and brought up in one

of the humblest lines of physic, contrived to get into holy orders, and for some time officiated as a curate. At length, in 1771, he hit upon the more profitable scheme of composing abridgments of popular sermons, printed in imitation of manuscript. He next established a bookselling concern upon an extensive scale, and by business and the success of his numerous compilations for youth, &c., realised a handsome fortune. He died at Englefield-green, where he had purchased an estate, in 1820. The best of his compilations are his Hogarth Moralised, and a Compendium of Chronology.

TRUSS, n. s. & v. a. Fr. trousse. A bandage by which ruptures are restrained from lapsing; any thing closely wrapped or thrust together; a bundle: to pack close together.

All as a poor pedler he did wend,
Bearing a truss of trifles at his back,
As belles and babies, and glasses in his packe.

Spenser. What in most English writers useth to be loose and untight, in this author is well grounded, finely framed, and strongly trussed up together.

Id.

What a fool is honesty! and trust his sworn brother, a very simple gentleman.

Id.

Raleigh.

Even such is time, who takes on trust Our youth, our joys, our all we have, And pays us but with age and dust. They cannot see all with their own eyes; they must commit many great trusts to their ministers. Bacon.

I'd be torn in pieces ere I'd trust a woman With wind.

Ben Jonson. Having made choice of such a confessor that you may trust your soul with, sincerely open your heart to him, and look upon him only as he is a trustee from God, commissioned by him as his ministerial deputy, to hear, judge, and absolve you.

Taylor's Guide to a Penitent. Being transplanted out of his cold barren diocese, he was left in that great trust with the king.

Clarendon.

Expect no more from servants than is just; Reward them well, if they observe their trust.

Denham. Fooled by thee to trust thee from my side. Milton. His trust was with the Eternal to be deemed Equal in strength. Id.

Whom I trusted to be my friend, all I had was in his power, and by God's blessing I was never deceived in my trust.

In my wretched case 't will be more just Not to have promised, than deceive your trust. Guyomar his trusty slave has sent.

Fell.

Dryden. Id. Indian Emperour. Whom with your power and fortune, Sir, you trust, Now to suspect is vain.

Dryden.

You are not the trustees of the public liberty; and, less to intermeddle in the management of affairs. if you have not right to petition in a crowd, much

Id.

The simplicity of the goat shews us what an honest man is to trust to that keeps a knave company. L'Estrange.

Most take things upon trust, and misemploy their assent by lazily enslaving their minds to the dictates of others.

Locke.

If the good qualities which lie dispersed among other creatures, innocence in a sheep, trustiness in a dog, are singly so commendable, how excellent is the mind which ennobles them into virtues !

Grew's Cosmologia. These prodigious treasures, which flowed into him, he buried under ground by the hands of his most trusty slaves. Addison.

My misfortunes may be of use to credulous minds, never to put too much trust in deceitful men. Swift.

TRUTH, n. s. Saxon tɲeopða, i. e. truehood. Reality; veracity; conformity of notion or words to things; constancy; fidelity; right opinion; exactitude: used by way of concession, as in the first example from Scripture.

Of a truth, Lord, the kings of Assyria have destroyed the nations. 2 Kings, xix. 17. She said, truth, Lord: yet the dogs eat of the crumbs which fall. Matt. xv. 27. In truth, what should any prayer, framed to the ministers's hand, require, but only so to be read as

behoveth!

Hooker.