TRUXILLO, a city of the Caraccas, in Venezuela, was formerly very splendid and flourishing, being founded in 1570. In the first century of its foundation, it had edifices that would have been deemed splendid in Europe; and drew hither a number of Spaniards: but in 1678 the buccaneer, Francis Gramont, entered Venezuela, with a handful of men, attacked and completely sacked and destroyed this wealthy city, killing or putting to flight its inhabitants, and reducing its superb edifices to ashes. The ruins of many still remain. Since this period Truxillo has never revived to the same extent of prosperity. The salubrity of the air, and the fertility of the soil, have, however, drawn together about 7600 inhabitants.

TRUXILLO, a town of Guatimala, in Honduras, situated between two rivers of good water, on a hill near the sea in Truxillo Bay. This sea-port has very often been ravaged by the Dutch and British. It is at present a place of little account, though made, by some writers, the capital. It is ninety miles north of Valladolid.

TRUXILLO, the most northern intendancy of Peru, bounded by the river Tumbez and Guayaquil on the north-west; Jaen de Bracamoros on the north-east; the Lauricocha or Tunguragua on the north; the Rio Guallaga and Pampas del Sacramento on the east; the Pacific on the west; and the province of Tarma on the south; containing within its limits seven jurisdictions; viz., Sana, Piuru, Truxillo, Caxamarca, Chachapoyas, Llulia, and Chiloas and Pataz.

TRUXILLO, a province in the above intendancy,

which is bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the river Sana, on the north by the province of Caxamarca, and on the east by that of Guamachuco. It extends twentyleagues along the coast and as many into the interior.

TRUXILLO, the chief town of the above district and province, pleasantly situated, and surrounded with gardens, groves, and delightful walks. It was founded in 1535 by Pizarro, on the banks of a small river, at the distance of half a league from the sea. The houses, chiefly of brick, have a very neat appearance. An intendant, and the bishop of Truxillo, reside here. The inhabitants amount to 5800, and consisted very lately of rich Spaniards, some Indians, mestizoes, and mulattoes. Truxillo is surrounded with a low brick wall, flanked by fifteen bastions; and carries on its commerce by means of its port of Guanchaco, which is about two leagues to the northward, and the only good harbour on the coast from Callao to Tumbez. 480 miles south of Quito, and 268 N. N. W. of Lima.

Swed. trygga. To examine; make experiment TRY, v. a. & v. n. Saxon τnypian; Fr. trier ; of; assay; examine; bring to a decision or test; act on as a test; purify: as a verb neuter, to endeavour; attempt.

Doth not the ear try words, and the mouth taste meat? Job. James, i. 3.

The trying of your faith worketh patience.

They open to themselves at length the way Up hither, under long obedience fried.

Milton.

Some to far Oaxis shall be sold, Or try the Lybian heat, or Scythian cold. Dryden. I'll try it out, and give no quarter.

Id. Don Sebastian. To ease her cares, the force of sleep she tries! Still wakes her mind, though slumbers seal her eyes. Swift.

TRYPHIODORUS, an ancient Greek poet, who lived between the reigns of Severus and Anastasius. None of his numerous writings have come down to us but an epic poem, of which there are several editions, and Italian and English

versions.

TSCHERKASK, the capital of the Don Cossacks, in the south-east of European Russia. The town now called Old Tscherkask is situated on the right bank of the Aksai, a branch of the Don, and is surrounded on every side by marshes; a site probably chosen on account of the difficulty of approaching it. It is overflowed every year, from the beginning of April to the end of June, the ground floors of the houses being under water during all the time. This drawback led to a removal, after the peace of 1814, of the capital to New Tscherkask, situated at the confluence of the Aksai and Turlov, at a distance of

five miles. The streets in the new town are wide and straight; but the houses, merely wooden huts, thinly spread; so that, though the town extends a league and a half, the population amounts at present to only 5000. That of Old Tscherkask, formerly 15,000, is at present reduced to 10,000. The old town has a particular slobode or quarter assigned to its Tartar inhabitants, and is situated forty miles east by north of Azoph, and 250 E. S. E. of Ekaterinoslav.

TSCHUVASCHES, a tribe of Finnish origin, spread over several provinces of Russia, viz. those of Kasan, Simbirsk, Orenbourg, NizneiNovgorod, and Viatka, in Europe, and Tomsk in Asia. Their number is full 106,000, of whom about 23,000, settled in the government of Kasan, have embraced Christianity and become agriculturists, the rest are wandering Pagans. They are all extremely indolent and dirty, but a simple inoffensive race. In taking an oath, their only form is holding a little bread and salt in their hands to say, May these fail me if I lie.'

TSONG-MING, an island near the coast of China, in the Eastern Seas, near the mouth of

the Yang-tse-kiang River, about fifty miles in length, and fifteen in breadth. It was formerly a place of banishment for criminals, who were joined by some poor Chinese families, and they divided the lands amongst them. The country is divided by an infinite number of canals with high banks. The island contains only one city of the third rank, surrounded with high walls, and a ditch.

TUAM, a large and well built town of Ireland, in Galway, consisting of four main streets, which diverge nearly at right angles from the markethouse. Here is also an elegant mail, and a spacious archiepiscopal palace. The cathedral, situated at the western extremity of the town, is a neat but not very extensive edifice, adorned with a lofty spire and steeple. The linen manufacture is extending here. An abbey is said to have

been founded at Tuam in 487. Here are other religious edifices. But Tuam, with all its churches, was consumed by fire in 1244. It was a borough previous to the union with Great Britain, and sent two members to the Irish parliament. Seventeen miles N. N. E. of Galway, and ninety-three south-west of Dublin.

TUARICK, a numerous tribe of Central Africa, occupying all the territory to the west and south of Soudan, as far as the country on the Niger. They are described by captain Lyon as the finest and tallest race of men he ever saw; having an imposing air of pride and independence; and their skin generally white, except in those parts that are exposed to the climate. The most remarkable feature in their costume consists in a

piece of glazed cotton cloth, generally blue, with which they cover their faces as high as the eyes, and which hangs down on the breast below the chin. The beard is generally clipped very close. They wear blue turbans, surmounted by high red caps; while the body is generally covered with a loose shirt of blue cotton. The merchants add to their dress a kaftan or cloak of bright red cloth or very gay silk and cotton striped, which they procure from the Tripoline traders. They wield the sword, dagger, and spear, very dexterously.

They generally also carry a long gun, and are considered sure marksmen. They are also good horsemen. It was amongst this tribe that major Laing was so desperately wounded, just before he reached Tombuctoo.

TUB, n. s. Belgic tubbe, tobbe. A large open vessel of wood.

Season the slaves

For tubs and baths, bring down the rose-cheeked youth

To the' tub-fast, and the diet. Shakspeare. Timon. In the East Indies, if you set a tub of water open in a room where cloves are kept, it will be drawn dry Bacon's Natural History. in twenty-four hours.

They fetch their precepts from the Cynick tub.
Milton.

With Lydian and with Phrygian dubs. Hudibras.
Skilful coopers hoop their tubs,
TUBE, n. s. Fr. tube; Lat. tubus. A pipe;
siphon; long hollow body.

A spot like which astronomer
Through his glazed optick tube yet never saw.

Milton.

There bellowing engines with their fiery tubes Dispersed æthereal forms, and down they feil.

Roscommon. This bears up part of it out at the surface of the earth, the rest through the tubes and vessels of the vegetables thereon. Woodward's Natural History.

TUBERCLE, n.s. Fr. tubercule; Lat. tuberculum. A small swelling or excrescence on the body; a pimple.

By what degrees the tubercles arise, How slow, or quick, they ripen into size. Sewell.

A consumption of the lungs, without an ulceration, arrives through a schirrosity, or a crude tuberHarvey.

cle.

TUBERCLES, among physicians, denote little tumors which suppurate and discharge pus; and are often found in the lungs, especially of consumptive persons. See MEDICINE, Index.

TUBEROSE, n. s. From TUBEROUS, see below. A flower.

The stalks of tuberose run up four foot high, more or less; the common way of planting them is in pots in March, in good earth. Mortimer's Husbandry. Eternal spring, with smiling verdure, here Warms the mild air, and crowns the youthful year; The tuberose ever breathes, and violets blow.

Garth.

TUCK, n. s., v. a., & v. n. Į Fr. estoc; Ital. TUCKER, n. s. stocco; Welsh tweca, a knife. A long narrow sword; long narrow fold or net: to gather into a narrow compass; enclose and as a verb neuter contract: tucker is a kind of tuck worn on the bosom.

If he by chance escape your venomed tuck, Our purpose may hold there. Shakspeare. Hamlet. The tuck is narrower meshed, and therefore scarce lawful with a long bunt in the midst.

These being primed, with force he laboured To free 's sword from retentive scabbard; And after many a painful pluck,

From rusty durance he bailed tuck.

Carew.

Hudibras.

A female ornament by some called a tucker, and by others the neck-piece, being a slip of fine linen or muslin, used to run in a small kind of ruffle round the uppermost verge of the stays. Id. Guardian. Dick adept! tuck back thy hair, And I will pour into thy ear.

Prior.

An ulcer discharging a nasty thin ichor, the edges tuck in, and growing skinned and hard, give it the name of a callous ulcer. Sharp's Surgery.

TUCKER (Abraham), esq., published 9 vols. on Metaphysics, under the assumed name of Search. He died at his estate of Dorking, in Surrey, in 1775.

TUCKER (Josiah), D. D., a celebrated English divine, born at Laugharne, in Caermarthenshire, in 1711; and educated at St. John's College, Oxford, where he graduated in 1759. He became rector of St. Stephen's in Bristol, and bendary of the cathedral. In 1768 he was made dean. He was an able writer on political, commercial, and theological subjects. His chief work is his treatise on Civil Government against Locke,

8vo., 1781. He died in 1799.

pre

TUCK'ETSONANCE, n. s. From tuck. Ital. 1occo, a musical key. The sound of the tucket. An ancient instrument of music.

Let the trumpets sound

The tucketsonance and the note to mount.

Shakspeare. Henry V. TUCUMAN, a province and government of Buenos Ayres, bounded on the north-east by Chichas and Lipes in Charcas; north-west and west by Atacama; west and south-west by Cuyo or Cujo; south-east by the Pampas or territories inhabited by the Aucaes, Huarcas, or Pampas, Pihuenches, Puelches, Uncos, and other unconquered tribes which wander over the plains and mountains adjacent to Chili; on the south-east it has the jurisdiction of Sante Fe, in Buenos Ayres; and on the east it has the uncultivated Llanos de Manso, and the country of Chacos or Chaco Gualamba. Its extent is from lat. 22° to 33° 10′ S.; its length 370 leagues; and its breadth 190 leagues from east to west. The climate is hot in those parts farthest from the main chain and branches of the Andes; but in general the seasons are regular, and the soil prolific and good.

The Spaniards conquered this country after subjugating Peru; and Diego de Roxas was the first discoverer in 1543; but it was not subdued till the president Pedro de la Gasca sent Juan Nunez de Padro, in 1549, to establish settlements in Tucma or Tucuman. The inhabitants proving of a mild and peaceable nature, the expedition was unattended with any bloodshed, and four cities were immediately founded, namely, Santiago del Estero, San Miguel del Tucuman, Nuestra Senora de Talavera, and Cordova de la Nueva Andalucia; but these being found insufficient in so large a territory, Rioja, Santa, and Jujui or Xuxui, were soon afterwards added.

TUCUMAN, or SAN MIGUEL DE TUCUMAN, the capital of the above province, is situated in a pleasant plain, though much in want of water. Here is a Jesuit's college, a cathedral, and a convent of Franciscans. It has a trade in muies; but its principal traffic consists in oxen for the travelling waggons, and in the waggons themselves. There are also some unworked silver mines in its neighbourhood. San Miguel is the see of a bishop who resides at Cordova. The bishopric is that of Tucuman, and was erected in 1570. It was founded in 1685, but placed in a different situation from its present, on account of an inundation which swept away the church and houses. 1170 miles in a direct line from Lima, 462 south of La Plata, and 200 east of Copiapo.

TUDELA, a town in Navarre, Spain, at the confluence of the Queilos and Ebro. It is the second city in the province, and a bishop's see, but the interior is spoiled by the narrowness of having a fine bridge and most beautiful walks; the streets. The adjacent country is fertile in corn, fruit, hemp, and pasturage: and the canal of Arragon begins about two miles from this place. Tudela was in 1314 the scene of a defeat of the inhabitants of Navarre by the Castilians, and in 1808 of a more serious overthrow of the

Forty-five miles south of Pampeluna.
Spaniards by the French. Population 7300.

TVER, one of the central governments of European Russia, between those of Moscow and Novgorod, and extending from 56° to 58° 40′ N. lat., and from 32° 20' to 39° of E. long. It has a superficial extent of 24,100 square miles, with about 1,000,000 inhabitants, partly of Russian, and partly of Finnish descent. The rivers are constantly frozen over from the beginning of December to the end of March. These are pretty numerous: the principal are the Wolga, the Dwina, the Msta, the Tvertza, the Mologa, and the Meduevitza, none of which are of large size in this government. The chief lakes are the Seliger, the Wolga, and the Dvinez. Besides, there is a large canal for the internal communication called Vischnei-Volotschok.

TVER, a city of European Russia, the capital of a government, and an archbishop's see, stands on the great road from St. Petersburg to Moscow, at the confluence of the Tvertza, the Wolga, and the Tmaka, which divide the town into four parts, united by three bridges, the one over the Wolga being of boats, that it may be removed during winter. Tver has been repeatedly ravaged by fire, particularly in 1763, when only a few houses were saved. The principal streets are broad

takes the field in person, seven of these tails are always carried before him; and, when he is in camp, they are planted in front of his tent.

The grand vizier is entitled to three of these tails. The three principal bashaws of the empire (viz. those of Bagdad, Grand Cairo, and Buda), have the grand signior's permission to use this mark of distinction throughout the whole extent of their jurisdiction. Those bashaws that are not viziers have the privilege of having two tails. The Beys, who are subordinate to the bashaws, have only one.

In the bas-relievo which is under the tombstone of John Cassimir, king of Poland, in the abbey church of St. German des prés de Paris, that monarch is represented at the head of his cavalry, with a horse's tail, or tug, for his standard.

TUISCO, or TUISTON, a celebrated hero and god of the ancient Germans, the Mars or god of war among the Saxons, from whom our Tuesday

is named.

TULA, a government or province in the interior of Russia, to the south of Moscow. It extends from 52° to 55° of N. lat., and has a surface of nearly 12,000 square miles, with a population of 950,000. Like others of the provinces of European Russia, it may be called a great undulating plain. The climate is healthy, the soil in general of a middling quality.

TULA, a large town of European Russia, the capital of a government, is situated at the confluence of the Tulpa and the Upa. This place, the population of which now approaches to 40,000, is called the Sheffield of Russia, and is one of the few towns in the empire that can be termed a place of activity. Here is a cannon foundry, a manufacture of arms for government, viz. muskets, bayonets, swords, &c.; and in the town there are about 600 workshops of smiths and others, for making fire arms and cutlery for private use. The ore is supplied in abundance from the vicinity. Tula was founded in the beginning of the sixteenth century, but the mines were not discovered till long afterwards; and it was not till 1717 that the government manufacture was established by Peter I. This place was made a bishop's see in 1799. The river Don has its rise in the lake of Ivanou, at a short distance. 115 miles south of Moscow, and 487 south-east of St. Petersburg.

The tulip opens with the rising, and shuts with the setting sun. Hakewill. Why tulips of one colour produce some of another, and, running through all, still escape a blue. Browne's Vulgar Errours.

TULIP TREE. See LIRIODENDRON. TULIPA, the tulip, in botany (see BOTANY, Index), a genus of plants belonging to the class of hexandria, and order of monogynia; and in the natural system ranging under the tenth order, coronariæ. The corolla is hexapetalous and campanulated, and there is no style. The species of this genus are four, viz. 1. T. biflora, the double-flowered tulip. 2. T. breyniana, the Cape tulip, a native of the Cape of Good Hope. 3. T. gesneriana, Gesner's Turkey tulip of Cappadocia, or common garden tulip, having a large, oblong, tunicated, solid, bulbous root, covered with a brown skin, sending up long oval, spearshaped leaves; an upright round stalk, from half a foot to a yard high, garnished with a few leaves, and its top crowned with a large bellshaped erect hexapetalous flower, of almost all colors and variegations in the different varieties. It is a native of the Levant. The principal part should be planted in autumn, and the rest towards Christmas, and in January or February. Of this species the varieties may be divided into two principal classes, viz. 1. Early or dwarf spring tulips (præcocea), 2. Late-flowering tail tulips (serotina). 4. T. sylvestris, or wild European tulip, or Italian yellow tulip, a native of the south of Europe, has an oblong bulbous root, sending up long narrow spear-shaped leaves; and a slender stalk, supporting at top a small yellow flower, nodding on one side, having acute petals.

TULIPOMANIA (from tulipa, and pavia, madness), the name given to a kind of gambling traffic in tulip roots, which prevailed in Holland and the Netherlands during part of the seventeenth century. It was carried on to such an enormous extent that one root has been sold for 4600 florins, together with a new carriage, two gray horses, and a complete harness. The tulips, however, were seldom delivered. A nobleman bespoke of a merchant a tulip root, to be delivered in six months, at the price of 1000 florins. During these six months the price of that species of tulip must have risen or fallen, or remained as it was. But, instead of demanding his tulip then, he paid or received the difference of price. This singular species of gaming could, from its nature, only go to a limited extent. The value of tulip roots began to fall. The sellers were then anxious to deliver the roots in natura, but the buyers would not receive them. The consequence was that tulips very speedily fell to their intrinsic value, and the gambling was at an end.

TULL (Jethro), an Oxfordshire gentleman, who projected a new method of culture to raise repeated crops of wheat from the same land without the necessity of manure; the principles