VIZ 427 pure, being generally mixed with suet or oil to make it more weighty. The males yield the most, especially when they are previously irritated. They are fed, when young, with pap made of millet, with a little flesh or fish; when old with raw flesh. In a wild state they prey on fowl. These animals seem not to be known to the ancients; it is probable the drug was brought without their knowing its origin. VIVES, n. s. A distemper among horses.¦ Vives is much like the strangles; and the chief difference is, that for the most part the strangles happen to colts and young horses while they are at grass. Farrier's Dictionary. Lat. vividus. Lively; quick; striking; sprightly: the adverb and noun substantive VIVID, adj. VIVIDLY, adv. VIVID'NESS, n. s. corresponding. The liquor, retaining its former vivid color, was grown Boyle. clear again. In the moon we can, with excellent telescopes, discern many hills and vallies, whereof some are more and some less vividly illustrated; and others have a fainter, others a deeper shade. VLA Let this be done relatively, vis. one thing greater o Dryden. stronger, casting the rest behind, and rendering it less sensible by its opposition. VIZAGAPATAM, a town on the sea-coast of Lat. 17° 42′ N., long. the Northern Circars, Hindostan, the capital of a district of the same name. 83° 28′ E. A river coming from the north, and turning short eastward to the sea, forms an arm of land one mile and a half in length, and 600 yards in breadth, nearly in the middle of which the fort is placed. The town is inconsiderable, the Europeans generally residing at Watloor, a village to the north of this harbour. During the ebb the surf is here considerable; and as European boats, for want of Massulah craft, are obliged frequently to go in, they should keep close to a steep hill, named the Dolphin's Nose, to escape being upset. The surrounding country is mountainous, and many of the hills wild, and destitute of vegetation. At Semachellum, near to this place, is a Hindoo temple of great fame and sanctity. The principal trading towns of this district are Vizagapatam and Bimli patam. Id. Body is a fit workhouse for sprightly, vivid faculties to exercise and exert themselves in. South. To make these experiments the more manifest, such bodies ought to be chosen as have the fullest and most vivid colors, and two of those bodies compared together. Newton. Where the genius is bright, and the imagination vivid, the power of memory may lose its improvement. VIVʼIFY, v. a. Watts. Fr. vivifier; Lat. vivus and facio. To make alive; animate; endue with life: VIVIFICATION, n. s. the adjective and noun substantive corresponding. If that motion be in a certain order there followeth vivification and figuration. Bacon. Id. Sitting on eggs doth vivify, not nourish. Gut-worms, as soon as vivified, creep into the stoHarvey on Consumptions. mach for nutriment. Without the sun's salutary and vivific beams, all motion would cease, and nothing be left but darkness and death. VIVIP'AROUS, adj. Bringing rous. Ray. Lat. vivus and pario. forth the young alive: : opposed to ovipa Their species might continue, though they had been viviparous; yet it would have brought their individuals to very small numbers. More. If birds had been viviparous, the burthen of their womb had been so great and heavy, that their wings Ray. would have failed them. VIX'EN, n.s. Sax. Fixen; Belg. feeks. Lite rally a she-fox; a scolding, quarrelsome woman. Viren, or fixen, is the name of a she-fox: otherwise applied to a woman whose nature and condition is Verstegan. thereby compared to a she-fox. O! when she's angry, she is keen and shrewd ; She was a vixen when she went to school; And, though she be but little, she is fierce. Shaksp. That which so oft by sundry writers, Than any other warrior, vis. None ever acted both parts bolder, Both of a chieftain and a soldier. VIZ'ARD, n. s. & v. a. Fr. visiere. See VISOR. Degree being vizarded, Shaks. A lie is like a vizard, that may cover the face indeed, but can never become it. South. Ye shall know them by their fruits, not by their well or ill living; for they put on the vizard of seeming sanctity. Atterbury. The UKRAINE is a former division of Russian Poland, which now forms the four governments of Kiev, Podolia, Poltava, and Charkov. It is situated between 48° and 52° of lat. N., corresponding to the parallels of the north of France and central part of England, but with a very different temperature. Wheat, oats, barley, and other products of our latitude, are raised with comparatively little labor, and the pastures are in many parts of great luxuriance. Fruits also are abundant, and the kermes, or Polish cochineal. The forests consist of oak, larch, and other valuable trees. The inhabitants, called Malo Russians, are said by Dr. Clarke to be less ignorant and backward than their eastern neighbours, but they are certainly doomed to great poverty. The chief town is Kiev, once the capital of the Russian dominions. This province, situated between Russia and Poland, was the scene of repeated invasions, of which that by Charles XII. of Sweden, in 1709, terminated in the fatal battle of Poltava. The great natural feature of the country is the Dnieper, which intersects it in a winding direction from north to south, and affords a channel for the conveyance of products to the Black Sea. VLADIMIR, a town and government of European Russia. The government contains 19,500 The square miles, and 1,000,000 inhabitants. town stands on the river Kliasma, the capital of a government or province, and a bishop's see. Population 3000. 112 miles east by north of MosHudibras. cow, and 500 south-east of St. Petersburg. All swoln and ulcerous, he cures. Some depend upon the intemperament of the part ulcerated; others upon the continual afflux of lacerative humours. Harvey. An ulcerous disposition of the lungs, and an ulcer of the lungs, may be appositely termed causes of a pulmonique consumption. light barren land: its use as horse provender too seems to be fully proved, though not yet established. See FENCE. ULIETEA, one of the Society Islands, in the South Pacific Ocean, wholly surrounded by reefs, interspersed with small islands, and forming several harbours. See SOCIETY ISLANDS. ULIG'INOUS, adj. Lat. uliginosus. Slimy; muddy. The uliginous lacteous matter, taken notice of in the coral fishings upon the coast of Italy, was only a collection of the coralline particles. Woodward. ULM, a considerable town and bishop's see of Wirtemberg, is situated on the banks of the Danube, where it receives the small river Blau, which flows through the town. It mostly consists of crooked streets, and of houses in the old German Id. Întestine stone and ulcer, colick pangs. Milton. An acrid and purulent matter, mixeth with the style, with a height of roof out of all proportion to blood in such as have their lungs ulcerated. Arbuthnot on Aliments. ULCER (ulcus, eris, n.; from ɛɛoç, a sore), a purulent solution of continuity of the soft parts of an animal body. Ulcers may arise from a variety of causes, as all those which produce inflammation, from wounds, specific irritations of the absorbents, from scurvy, cancer, the venereal or scrofulous virus, &c. The proximate or immediate cause is an increased action of the absorbents, and a specific action of the arteries, by which a fluid is separated from the blood upon the ulcerated surface. They are variously denominated; the following is the most frequent division: 1. The simple ulcer, which takes place generally from a superficial wound. 2. The sinuous, that runs under the integuments, and the orifice of which is narrow, but not callous. 3. The fistulous ulcer, or fistula, a deep ulcer with a narrow and callous orifice. 4. The fungous ulcer, the surface of which is covered with fungous flesh. 5. The gangrenous, which is livid, fætid, and gangrenous. 6. The scorbutic, which depends on a scorbutic acrimony. 7. The venereal, arising from the venereal dis ease. 8. The cancerous ulcer, or open cancer. 9. The carious ulcer, depending upon a carious bone. 10. The inveterate ulcer, which is of long continuance, and resists the ordinary applications. 11. The scrofulous ulcer, known by its having arisen from indolent tumors, by discharging a viscid, gluey matter, and by its indolent nature. ULEABORG, an extensive province, situated to the north of Finland, and extending along the south coast of the gulf of Bothnia. After being long subject to Sweden, it forms, since 1809, a circle of the Russian province or government of Abo; but it extends also into Lapland, occupying the country between 63° 30′ and 67° of N. lat.' ULEX, in botany, a genus of plants of the class of diadelphia, and order of decandria; and in the natural system arranged under the thirty-second order, papilionaca. The calyx consists of two leaves quinquedentate: pod almost covered by the calyx. There are two species, one of which, U. Europæus, the furze, gorse, or whin, is a native of Britain; it is too well known to need description. Its uses, however, are many; as a fuel where wood and coals are scarce; and as hedge-wood upon the walls. Some of the streets, however, have well paved path-ways. Here is a large Gothic church, or minster, about 416 feet in length, and 160 in breadth; and several other churches are entitled to notice; as are the town-house, arsenal, theatre, barracks, and hospital. The prevailing religion is the Lutheran. Inhabitants 15,000. Forty-four miles south-east of Stutgard. ULMIN, in mineralogy, a name Dr. Thomson has given to a very singular substance lately examined by Klaproth. It differs essentially from every other known body, and must therefore constitute a new and peculiar vegetable principle. It exuded spontaneously from the trunk of a species of elm, which Klaproth conjectures to be the ulmus nigra, and was sent to him from Palermo in 1802. 1. In its external characters it resembles gum. It was solid, hard, of a black color, and had considerable lustre. Its powder was brown. It dissolved readily in the mouth, and was insipid. 2. It dissolved speedily in a small quantity of water. The solution was transparent, of a blackish-brown color, and, even when very much concentrated by evaporation, was not in the least mucilaginous or ropy nor did it answer as a paste. In this respect ulmin differs essentially from gum. 3. It was completely insoluble both in alcohol and ether. When alcohol was poured into the aqueous solution, the greater part of the ulmin precipitated in light brown flakes. The remainder was obtained by evaporation, and was not sensibly soluble in alcohol. The alcohol by this treatment acquired a sharpish taste. 4. When a few drops of nitric acid were added to the aqueous solution, it became gelatinous, lost its blackish-brown color, and a light brown substance precipitated. The whole solution was slowly evaporated to dryness, and the reddishbrown powder which remained was treated with alcohol. The alcohol assumed a golden yellow color; and, when evaporated, left a light brown, bitter, and sharp resinous substance. 5. Oxymuriatic acid produced precisely the same effects as nitric. Thus it appears that ulmin, by the addition of a little oxygen, is converted into a resinous substance. In this new state it is insoluble in water. This property is very singular. Hitherto the volatile oils were the only substances known to assume the form of resins. That a substance soluble in water should assume the resinous form with such facility is very remarkable. 6. Ulmin when burnt emitted little smoke or flame, and left a spongy but firm charcoal, which, when burnt in the open air, left only a little carbonate of potash behind. ULMUS, in botany, a genus of plants belonging to the class of pentandria, and order of digynia; arranged in the natural system under the fifty-third order, scabridæ. The calyx is quinquefid; there is no corolla. The fruit is a dry, compressed, membranaceous berry. There are three species; one of which is a native of Britain. 1. U. campestris, common elm. The leaves are rough, oval, pointed, doubly serrated, unequal at the base. Bark of the trunk cracked and wrinkled. Fruit membranous. 2. U. montana, the wych elm, or witch hazel, is generally reckoned a variety of this species. All the sorts of elm may be propagated either by layers or suckers taken from the roots of the old trees. The elm delights in a stiff strong soil. It is observable, however, that here it grows comparatively slow. In light land, especially if it be rich, its growth is very rapid; but its wood is light, porous, and of little value, compared with that which grows upon strong land; which is of a closer stronger texture, and, at the heart, will have the color, and almost the heaviness and the hardness of iron. ULSTER, a province of Ireland, containing the northern counties of Donegal, Londonderry, Antim, Tyrone, Fermanagh, Monaghan, Armagh, Down, and Cavan. ULSTER, a county of the United States, in New York, bounded north by Greene county, east by Hudson, south by Orange county, south-west by Sullivan county, and north-west by Delaware county. The surface is broken by the Catskill mountains, but well watered, the Hudson forming the eastern boundary, and the small streams being numerous. This county produces marble of a superior fineness and hardness. Limestone, slate, marl, and iron-ore; lead, native alum, plumbago, coal, peat, and a variety of pigments. A large proportion of the houses are of a blue lime-stone, abundant here. The early inhabitants of this county were German and Dutch families; and it was settled at a very early period of our history. In 1662 Kingston had a minister; and the county records commence about that time. ULSWATER, a lake of Westmoreland and Cumberland, ten miles north of Ambleside, and fourteen south-west of Penrith. Its length is about eight miles, and it is of a sufficient depth to breed char; and abounds with a variety of other fish. Trout of upwards of thirty pounds weight are said to have been taken in it. One of the amusements on this lake consists in the firing of guns, or small cannon, in certain situations. The report is reverberated among the adjacent rocks and caverns, with every variety of sound. ULTIMATE, adj. Lat. ultimus. Intended ULTIMATELY, adv. in the last resort; last in a ULTIMITY, n. s. train of consequences: the adverb and noun substantive correspond. Alteration of one body into another, from crudity to perfect concoction, is the ultimity of that process. Bacon. Addison. Many actions apt to procure fame are not conducive to this our ultimate happiness. The ultimate allotment of God to men is really a consequence of their own voluntary choice, in doing good or evil. Rogers's Sermons." ULTRAMARINE', n. s. & adj. Lat. ultra and marinus. A fine blue color used in painting; beyond the sea; foreign. Others, notwithstanding they are brown, cease not to be soft and faint, as the blue of ultramarine. Dryden. ULVA, in botany, laver, a genus of plants of the class of cryptogamia, and order of alge. The fructification is enclosed in a diaphanous membrane. There are seventeen species: twelve of which are British plants. They are all sessile, and without roots, and grow in ditches and on stones along the sea coast. None of them are applied to any particular use different from the rest of the algæ, except perhaps the U. umbilicalis, which in England is pickled with salt and preserved in jars, and afterwards stewed and eaten with oil and lemon juice. This species called in English the navel laver, is flat, orbicular, sessile, and coriaceous. ULUA, JUAN DE, an island and fort of Mexico, in the bay of Vera Cruz; the fort is very strong, and is supplied with an excellent light-house. ULVERSTONE, a market-town in Lonsdale hundred, Lancashire, situate near the Leven, eighteen miles N. N. W. of Lancaster, and 270 N. N. W. of London. The streets are spacious and clean, and the town rapidly increasing. By means of a canal, lately cut, vessels of 250 tons can approach the town, by which a considerable traffic is carried on in the exportation of iron-ore, limestone, and corn; in the neighbourhood are several furnaces and smelting houses. The church stands in a field, at a small distance from the town, and is a white building with a square tower, containing three bells. Here is a small theatre, an assembly-room, and a public library. Market on Monday. Fairs, HolyThursday, and Thursday after the 23d of October. ULUG BEIG, a Persian prince and learned astronomer, was descended from the famous Tamerlane, and reigned at Samarcand about forty years; after which he was murdered by his own son in 1449. His catalogue of the fixed stars, rectified for the year 1434, was published at Oxford by Mr. Hyde, in 1665, with learned notes. Mr. Hudson printed in the English Geography Ulug Beig's Tables of the Longitude and Latitude of Places; and Mr. Greaves published in Latin his Astronomical Epochas, at London, in 1650. See ASTRONOMY. ULYSSES, king of Ithaca, the son of Laertes, and father of Telemachus, and one of those heroes who contributed most to the taking of Troy. After the destruction of that city, he wandered for ten years; and at last returned to Ithaca, where, with the assistance of Telemachus, he killed Antinous and other princes who intended to marry his wife Penelope, and seize his dominions. He at length resigned the kingdom to his son Telemachus; and was killed by Telegonus, his son by Circe, who did not know him. See CIRCE. The hero is the subject of the Odyssey. UMBELLA, an umbel, in botany, a species of receptacle; or rather a mode of flowering, in which a number of slender foot-stalks proceed from the same centre, and rise to an equal height, so as to form an even and generally round surface at top. See BOTANY. UMBELLATE, the name of a class in Ray's and Tournefort's methods, consisting of plants whose flowers grow in umbels, with five petals that are often unequal, and two naked seeds that are joined at top and separated below. They constitute the forty-fifth order of Linnæus's Fragments of a Natural Method. See BOTANY, Index. UMBELLIFEROUS PLANTS are such as have their tops branched and spread out like an umbrella. ́UM'BER, n. s. Į Lat. umbra. A dark or sad UM'BERED, adj. S color: umbered is shaded; clouded. From camp to camp, through the foul womb of Fire answers fire; and through their paly flames Id. Umber is very sensible and earthy; there is nothing but black which can dispute with it. pure Dryden. The umbers, ochres, and minerals found in the fissures, are much finer than those found in the strata. Woodward. UMBER, or UMBRE, in natural history, a fossil brown or blackish substance, used in painting; so called from Ombria, the ancient name of the duchy of Spoleto in Italy, whence it was first obtained; diluted with water, it serves to make a dark brown color, usually called with us a hair color. Dr. Hill and Mr. da Costa consider it as an earth of the ochre kind. It is found in Egypt, Italy, Spain, and Germany; in Cyprus also it is found in large quantities; but what is brought into England is principally from different parts of the Turkish dominions. But it might be found in considerable plenty also in England and Ireland, if properly Birds are nourished by umbilical veins, and the navel is manifest a day or two after exclusion. Browne's Vulgar Errours. In a calf, the umbilical vessels terminate in certain bodies divided into a multitude of carneous papillæ, received into so many sockets of the cotyledons growing on the womb. Ray. To star or sun-light, spread their umbrage broad, UM'BREL, n. s. Į rain. Thomson. Latin umbra. A skreen used to keep off the sun or I can carry your umbrella, and fan your ladyship. Good housewives, UMBROSITY, n. s. Lat. umbresus. Shadiness; exclusion of light. the visible rays with much less umbrosity. UM'PIRE, n. s. Minshieu after Skinner derives this word from Fr. un père, a father. Mr. Thomson suggests the Ital. nomo pari, or Lat. homo par. An arbitrator; one who, as a common friend, decides disputes: sometimes taken simply for a judge; the referee of arbitrators. Just death, kind umpire of men's miseries, But as swayne unkent fed on the plaines, UN, a Saxon privative or negative particle answering to Lat. in; Gr. a; Belg. on; and Dan. un ; is placed almost at will before adjectives and adverbs. All the instances of this kind cannot be inserted; we preserve, after Johnson, a number sufficient to explain it. He says, 'in and un may be thus distinguished: to words merely English we prefix un, as unfit; to words borrowed in the prefix un, as generous, ungenerous. positive sense, but made negative by ourselves, we When we borrow both words, we retain the Latin or French in, as elegant, inelegant; politic, impolitic. Before substantives, if they have the English termination ness, it is proper to prefix un, as unfitness, ungraciousness. If they have the Latin or French terminations in tude, ice, or ence, and for the most part if they end in ty, the negative in is put before them, as unapt, unaptness, inaptitude; unjust, injustice; imprudence; unfaithful, unfaithfulness, infidelity'. We take the liberty, in this extensive collection of compounds, to be generally content with one or two good illustrations. UNABASHED, adj. From abashed. Not shamed; not confused by modesty. Earless on high, stood unabashed Defoe, And Tutchin flagrant from the scourge below. Pope. UNA'BLE, adj. From able. Not having ability. With to before a verb, and for before a noun. The Amalekites set on them, supposing that they had been weary, and unable to resist. Raleigh's History of the World. The prince, unable to conceal his pain, Gazed on the fair, And sighed, and looked, and sighed again. Dryden. UNABOLISHED, adj. From abolished. Not repealed; remaining in force. Hooker. The number of needless laws unabolished, doth weaken the force of them that are necessary. UNACCEPTABLE, adj. From acceptable. Not pleasing; not such as is well received. The marquis was at that time very unacceptable to his countrymen. Clarendon. Every method for deterring others from the like practices for the future must be unacceptable and displeasing to the friends of the guilty. Addison. UNACCES'SIBLEÑESS, n. s. From accessibleness. State of not being to be attained or approached. Many excellent things are in nature, which, by reason of the remoteness from us, and unaccessibleness to them, are not within any of our faculties to reprehend. Hale. UNACCOMMODATED, adj. From accommodated. Unfurnished with external convenience. Unaccommodated man is no more than such a poor, bare, forked animal as thou art. Shakspeare. UNACCOMPANIED, adj. From accompanied. Not attended. Seldom one accident, prosperous or adverse, cometh unaccompanied with the like. Hayward. UNACCOMPLISHED, adj. plished. Unfinished; incomplete. From accom Beware of death: thou canst not die unperjured, Dryden. UNACCOUNTABLE, adj. From accountable. Not explicable; not to be solved by reason; not reducible to rule; not subject. I shall note difficulties, which are not usually observed, though unaccountable. Glanville. There has been an unaccountable disposition of late, to fetch the fashion from the French. Addison. usual; not familiarly known: the noun substantive corresponding. And the unacquainted light began to fear. Spenser. Festus, an infidel, a Roman, one whose ears were unacquainted with such matter, heard him, but could Hooker. not reach unto that whereof he spake. Where else Shall I inform my unacquainted feet, In the blind mazes of this tangled world? Milton. The first is an utter unacquaintance with his master's designs, in these words: the servant knoweth not what his master doth. South. UNACTIVE, adj. From active. Not brisk; not lively; not busy. Inactive is more usual. Silly people commend tame unactive children, because they make no noise, nor give them any trouble. Locke. UNACTUATED, adj. Not actuated. The peripatetick matter is a mere unactuated power. Glanville. UNADMIR'ED, adj. Not regarded with honor. Oh! had I rather unadmired remained In some lone isle, or distant northern land, Where the gilt chariot never marks the way! UNADOR'ED, adj. Not worshipped. Nor was his name unheard, or unadored, In ancient Greece. Pope. Milton. UNADORN ́ED, adj. Not decorated; not em Delivered you a paper that I should not. Shakspeare. UNADULTERATED, adj. Genuine; not spoiled by spurious mixtures. I have only discovered one of those channels, by which the history of our Saviour might be conveyed pure and unadulterated. Addison. UNAFFECTED, adj. Real; open; not hypocritical; not moved. Men divinely taught, and better teaching To lie in solemn state, a publick sight: Daniel. On no unholy thoughts for benefit. UNAGREEABLE, adj. Inconsistent; unsuit able. |