ever, like other Japanese structures, consists only of one high story. The apartments are spacious: mats are the only furniture used; so that the palace is distinguished only by their superior number and whiteness. Its chief ornament consists in the walls, which are made of the finest cedar and camphire wood, and often varnished and covered with different figures. Behind the palace are gardens and orchards of great beauty. The city is said to be seven miles long, five broad, and twenty in circumference: it has no walls except those which surround the palace. It is intersected by branches of the river, and by canals, which are crossed by numerous bridges. The houses, with the exception of those which belong to the nobles and clergy, are small and low, composed of wood, paper, and mats. Here, although every house keeps a large tub of water under the roof, and firemen are constantly patrolling the streets, conflagrations often take place to a dreadful extent. One, which occurred in 1703, was so great that 100,000 houses are supposed to have been consumed. Besides being the residence of the monarch, Yeddo is the seat of an extensive commerce, and contains many flourishing manufactures. Long. 140° E., lat. 36° 30′ N. YELK, n. s. Sax. gealepe, yellow. The yellow part of an egg. Often written, and pronounced yolk. The yolk of the egg conduceth little to the generation of the bird, but only to the nourishment of the same for if a chicken be opened when it is newhatched, you shall find much of the yolk remaining. Bacon. YELLOW, adj. Sax. yealepe; Belg. YELLOWBOY, n. s. gheleuwe, geel; Ital. YELLOWISH, adj. giallo; Goth. gullig: YELLOWISHNESS, n. s. Goth. uil and ool is the YELLOWNESS, sun. Being of a bright YELLOWS. glaring color, as gold: yellow-boy is a low name for a gold coin: yellowish, approaching to yellow: the noun substantive corresponding: yellowness, the quality of yellow; used by Shakspeare for jealousy: the yellows is a disease of horses. YELLOW is one of the original colors of light. YELLOW COLORS for painting. See CHEMISTRY, COLOR, and COLOR MAKING. YELLOW, DYEING OF. See DYEING. YELLOW EARTH, in mineralogy. Color ochre yellow. Massive. Dull. Fracture slaty or earthy. Streak somewhat shining. Opaque. Soils slightly. Soft. Easily frangible. Adheres to the tongue. Feels rather greasy. Specific gravity 2.24. Before the blowpipe it is converted into a black and shining enamel. Its constituents are silica 92, alumina 2, lime 3, iron 3.-Merat-Guillot. It is found at Wehraw in Upper Lusatia, where it is associated with clay and clay-ironstone. When burnt it is sold by the Dutch as a pigment under the name of English red. It was used as a yellow paint by the ancients. YELLOW FEVER. See MEDICINE. YELLOW HAMMER. See EMBERIZA. YELLOW, NEAPOLITAN, or NAPLES, a beautiful color much used by painters, formerly thought to be prepared from arsenic, but now discovered to have lead for its basis. YELLOW WEED, in botany. See RESEDA. YELLOWSTONE, or Rochejaune, or Jaun, a river of North America, which rises from lake Eustis in the Rocky Mountains, and after an E. N. E. course of about 1100 miles joins the Missouri 1880 miles from the Mississippi. This river is nearly or quite as large as the other branch, which retains the name of Missouri. Its principal branches are Bighorn and Tongue rivers. Captain Clark, the associate of captain Lewis, descended this river on his return from the Pacific Ocean. He found it deep, rapid, and navigable from the place where he struck to its mouth, a distance of 850 miles. On the 30th of August, 1818, a battalion of the rifle regiment, commanded by colonel Talbot Chambers, consisting of 350, embarked at Belle Fontaine on an expedition up the Missouri, with a view to establish a fort at the mouth of the Yellowstone. YELP, v. n. Sax. zealpan. To bark as a beagle-hound after his prey. A little herd of England's tim'rous deer Mazed with a yelping kennel of French curs. Shaksp. YEMEN, a country of Arabia, forming the southeastern division of that part of Asia situated partly entrance into a war. Bacon. upon the Red Sea, and partly on the Indian Ocean. speech in the head of a council, upon a deliberation of It was celebrated by the ancients under the flattering title of The Happy Arabia, but is by no means exempted from that curse of aridity under which Arabia generally suffers; yet its lower declivities are covered with trees and aromatic shrubs; and the mountain chains are divided by fine valleys, which, being watered by numerous streams, can be advantageously cultivated. This is one of the few parts of Arabia which have been formed into a considerable and monarchical state. It is subject to a sovereign, who assumes the modest title of Imam, or doctor, but exercises over his subjects an authority nearly absolute. Sana is the capital. YEO'MAN, n. s. Į Sax. geoman. Frisick geYEO'MANRY. man, a villager.-Junius. A man of a small estate in land; a farmer; a gentleman farmer; a title given to soldiers and superior servants: the collective body of yeomen. A jolly yeoman, marshal of the hall, Whose name was Appetite, he did bestow Both guests and meats. You, good yeomen, Spenser Whose limbs were made in England, shew us here Shakspeare. He instituted, for the security of his person, a band of fifty archers, under a captain, to attend him, by the name of yeomen of his guard. Bacon. This did amortize a great part of the lands of the kingdom unto the hold and occupation of the yeomanry, or middle people, of a condition between gentlemen and cottagers. Id. Dryden. The' appointment for the ensuing night he heard; And therefore in the cavern had prepared Two brawny yeomen of his trusty guard. Gentlemen should use their children as the honest farmers and substantial yeomen do theirs. Locke. He that has a spaniel by his side is a yeoman of about one hundred pounds a year, an honest man; he is just qualified to kill an hare. Addison. At Windsor St. John whispers me i' the ear; The waiters stand in ranks, the yeomen cry Make room! as if a duke were passing by. Swift. YEOVIL, a market-town in Stone hundred, Somersetshire, near the river Yeo, or Ivil, five miles west of Sherborne, and 121 W. S. W. of London. It consists of upwards of twenty streets and lanes, some of which are wide and open, with the houses well built of free-stone and brick: the church is a fine old Gothic structure, with a high tower, containing six bells. Four classes of dissenters have chapels in this town. The market-house is an extensive building, supported by stone pillars. This town was formerly noted for its manufacture of woollen cloth; but its principal trade now is leather gloves. Market on Friday. YERGHIEN. See YARKAN. Fret fetlock deep in gore, and with wild rage YEST, n. s. Sax. gert. The foam, spume, YEST'Y, adj. or flower of beer in fermentation; barm; foam; froth: the adjective corresponding. Though you untie the winds, and let them fight Against the churches; though the yesty waves Confound and swallow navigation up. Shakspeare. Hudibras Yeast and outward means do fail, And have no power to work on ale. When drays bound high, then never cross behind, Where.bubbling yeast is blown by gusts of wind. Gay. YEST, or YEAST, a head or scum rising upon beer or ale while working or fermenting in the vat. See BREWING. It is used for a leaven or ferment in the baking of bread, as serving to swell or puff it up very considerably in a little time, and to make it much lighter, softer, and more delicate See BAKING, BARM, and BREAD. An artificia yest, by which good bread may be made without the assistance of any other ferment, is thus prepared:-Boil flour and water together to the con sistence of treacle, and when the mixture is cold saturate it with fixed air. Pour the mixture thus saturated into one or more large bottles or narrow mouthed jars; cover it over loosely with paper, and upon that lay a slate or board with a weight to keep it steady. Place the vessel in a situation where the thermometer will stand from 70° to 80°, and stir up the mixture two or three times in twenty-four hours. In about two days such a degree of fermentation will have taken place as to give the mixture the appearance of yest. With the yest in this state, and before it has acquired a thoroughly vinous smell, mix the quantity of flour intended for bread in the proportion of six pounds of flour to a quart of the yest, and a sufficient portion of warm water. Knead them well together in a proper vessel, and covering it with a cloth let the dough stand for twelve hours, or till it appears to be sufficiently fermented, in the forementioned deand baked. Mr. Henry adds that perhaps the yest gree of warmth. It is then to be formed into loaves would be more perfect if a decoction of inalt were used instead of simple water. It has lately been discovered that a decoction of malt alone, without any addition, will produce a yest proper enough for the purpose of brewing. This discovery was Mason of Aston near Rotheram; and he received made by Joseph Senyor, servant of the Rev. Mr. for it a reward of £20 from the Society for Promoting Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce. The process is as follows:-Procure three earthen or wooden vessels of different sizes and apertures, one capable of holding two quarts, the other three or four, and the third five or six: boil a quarter of a peck of malt for about eight or ten minutes in three pints of water; and, when a quart is poured off from the grains, let it stand in the first or smaller vessel, in a cool place, till not quite cold, but retaining that degree of heat which the brewers usually find to be proper when they begin to work their liquor. Then remove the vessel into some warm situation near a fire, where the thermometer stands between 70° and 80° Fahrenheit, and there let it remain till the fermentation begins, which will be plainly perceived within thirty hours: add then two quarts more of a like decoction of malt, when cool, as the first was; and mix the whole in the second or larger vessel, and stir it well in which must be repeated in the usual way as it rises in a common vat: theit add a still greater quantity of the same decoction, to be worked in the largest vessel, which will produce yest enough for a brewing of forty gallons. Common ale yest may be kept fresh and fit for use several months by the following method:-Put a quantity of it into a close canvas bag, and gently squeeze out the moisture in a screw-press till the remaining matter be as firm and stiff as clay. In this state it may be close packed up in a tight cask for securing it from the air; and will keep fresh, sound, and fit for use, for a long time. This is a secret that might be of great use to the brewers and distillers, who, though they employ very large quantities of yest, seem to know no method of preserving it, or raising nurseries of it, for want of which they sustain a very considerable loss; whereas the brewers in Flanders make a very great advantage of supplying the malt distillers of Holland with yest, which is rendered lasting and fit for carriage by this easy expedient. YESTER, adj. Sax. 'zerren; Belg. ghister; Lat. hesternus. Being next before the present day. Not often used but in composition with another word, as day or night. See below. Love might as well be sowed upon our sands, As in a breast so barren : To love an enemy, the only one Remaining too, whom yester sun beheld YESTERDAY, n.s, & adv. Į Dryden. Saxon girtanS dæg. See YESTER. The day last past; on the day next before to-day: yesternight corresponds. This furnishes us with yet one more reason why our Saviour lays such a particular stress on acts of mercy. Atterbury. Yet, yet a moment, one dim ray of light YE'VEN, for given. Obsolete. Pope. Spenser. To fill the fourth place, And reign with the rest in heaven. YEW, n. s. Sax. ip; Welsh yw. Often YEW'EN, adj. written eugh; but the former orthograghy is nearer to the sound and derivation. A tree of tough wood, used for bows, and therefore planted in church-yards: yewen is made of yew. His stiff arms to stretch with eughen bow, And manly legs still passing to and fro. Slips of yew, Silvered in the moon's eclipse. Hubberd. Shakspeare. The barren plantane, and the walnut sound; The shooter eugh, the broad-leaved sycamore, The myrrhe, that her foul sin doth still deplore; Alder, the owner of all waterish ground. Fairfus. He drew, And almost joined the horns of the tough yew. Dryden. YEW, in botany. Yew trees are remarkable for their duration. There were not many years since growing within 300 yards of the old Gothic ruins of Fountain's Abbey, near Rippon, in Yorkshire, seven very large yew trees, commonly called the Seven Sisters, whose exact ages cannot be accurately ascertained, though tradition says that they were standing in the year 1088. It is said also that, when the great Fountains' abbey was building, which is 700 feet long, and was finished in 1283, the masons used to work their stones, during the hot summers, under the shade of these trees. The circumference of the Seven Sisters, when measured by a curious traveller, were of the following sizes:-the smallest tree, round its body, five yards one foot; four others are from five yards and a half to seven yards and a half; the sixth is nine yards and a half; and the seventh is eleven yards one foot seven inches in circumference, being two yards ten inches larger than the great yew tree now growing in the churchyard at Gresford, in North Wales, which is nine yards nine inches. These trees are the largest and oldest in the British dominions. See TAXUS. YEZDEGERD, or JEZDEGERD, a celebrated monarch of Persia, who flourished in the seventh century, but was expelled by the Saracens, and reigned afterwards in Chorassan. See PERSIA, and SARACENS. YIECHE, a kind of jasper. See TAI-TONG. YIELD, v. a. & v. n. Sax. geldan, to pay; Isl. YIELD'ER, n. s. gelda; Goth. gialda. To produce; render; give in return for cultivation or labor; afford; exhibit; permit; surrender (sometimes used with up): as a verb neuter to give up a contest; submit; concede; comply; allow; give place: the noun substantive corresponding. When thou tillest the ground, it shall not henceforth yield unto the her strength. Genesis iv. 12. He gathered up his feet into the bed, and yielded up the ghost. Id. xlix. 33. With her much fair speech she caused him to yield. Proverbs. He not yielding over to old age his country delights, especially of hawking, was, at that time following a merlin, brought to see this injury offered unto us. Sidney. The mind of man desireth ever more to know the truth, according to the most infallible certainty which the nature of things can yield. Hooker. The enemies sometimes offered unto the soldiers, upon the walls, great rewards, if they would yield up the city, and sometimes threatened them as fast. YNCA, an appellation anciently given to the kings of Peru, and the princes of their blood; the word literally signifying, lord, king, emperor, and royal blood. Pedro de Cieca, in his Chronicles of Peru, gives the origin of the incas; and says that that country was for a long time the theatre of all manner of crimes, of war, dissension, and the most dreadful disorders, till at last two brothers appeared, one of whom was called Mango Capa; of this person the Peruvians relate many wonderful stories. He built the city of Cusco, made laws, established order and harmony by his wise regulations; and he and his descendants took the name of inca, which signifies king or great lord. themselves masters of all the country from Pasto These incas became so powerful that they rendered to Chili, and from the Maule on the south to the Augasmago on the north, these two rivers forming the bounds of their empire, which extended above 1300 leagues in length. This they enjoyed till the divisions between Inca Guascar and Atabalipa; which the Spaniards laying hold of, made themselves masters of the country, and destroyed the empire of the incas. See PERU. YOKE, n. s. & v. a. YOKE FELLOW, n. s. YOKE MATE. Sax. geoc; Swed. and Dan. ok; Goth. uk; Mod. Goth. guk; Belg. juk; Fr. joug; Lat. jugum. The bandage or frame of wood placed on the neck of draught oxen; any badge of subjection or slavery; a link; chain; band; couple; pair (from the yoke consisting of two parts): to bind or couple together; restrain; confine; enslave a yokefellow or yokemate is a companion in labor; mate; fellow. : Heylyn. Our country sinks beneath the yoke; Milton. It weeps, it bleeds. Id. Id. Id. Milton. And courage never to submit or yield. If the inspiring and expiring organ of any animal be stopt, it suddenly yields to nature, and dies. Walton. They shew the world that they are not of a yielding temper, which will be wronged or baffled. Kettlewell. There he saw the fainting Grecians yield, And here the trembling Trojans quit the field, Pursued by fierce Achilles. Life is but air, That yields a passage to the whistling sword, And closes when 'tis gone. Over Hellespont bridged his way. You cannot think me fit To be the yokefellow of your wit, Nor take one of so mean deserts To be the partner of your parts. Hudibras. Dryden. His lands a hundred yoke of oxen tilled. Dryden. This yoke of marriage from us both remove, Where two are bound to draw, though neither love. Id. If you take the idea of white, which one parcel of snow yielded yesterday to our sight, and another idea of white from another parcel of snow you see to-day, and put them together in your mind, they run into one, and the idea of whiteness is not at all increased. Locke. All the substances of an animal, fed even with aces Our fair Lavinia. cent substances, yield by fire nothing but alkaline salts. railing at the sex, very often choose one of the most worthless for a companion and yokefellow. Spectator.. A yearling bullock to thy name shall smoke, Untamed, unconscious of the galling yoke. Arbuthnot. Tell me in what more happy fields The thistle springs, to which the lily yields. Pope. 'Tis the pride of man which is the spring of this evil, and an unwillingness to yield up their own opinWatts. ions. Pope. A yoke of mules outgoes a yoke of oxen, when set to work at the same time; for mules are swifter. Broome." YOKE, in Roman antiquity. See JUGUM. YOKE OF LAND, in our ancient customs, was the space which a yoke of oxen, that is, two oxen, may plow in one day. YOKE ELM, in botany. See ULMUS. YOLK, n. s. an egg. Nature hath provided a large yolk in every egg, a great part whereof remaineth after the chicken is hatched. Ray. YOLK. See EGG. It contains a lymphatic substance mixed with a certain quantity of mild oil, which, on account of this mixture, is soluble in water. When exposed to heat, it assumes a consistence not so hard as the white of the egg; and, when bruised, gives out the oil which it contains. This oil has been used externally as a liniment. YON, adj. Sax. geond; Goth. aund. Being YON'DER. at a distance within view. YOND, Yonder men are too many for an ambassage, and too few for a fight. Bacon. Would you not laugh to meet a great counsellor of state in a flat cap, his gloves under his girdle; and yond haberdasher in a velvet gown, furred with sables? Ben Jonson. Yon flow'ry arbors, yonder allies green. Milton. Let other swains attend the rural care, Harte. the Seine. YONNE, a department in the interior of France, situated nearly half way between Paris and the frontier of Switzerland. Its extent, equal to two of our larger counties, is about 2900 square miles; its population nearly 330,000. Its surface consists, in general, of undulating plains, traversed in the south-west by a chain of hills of no great height. The principal river is the Yonne. The climate is temperate, and of sufficient warmth for the vine: its quality is in general good. Corn, hemp, and flax, are also cultivated. YORK, city, lies at the point where the three ridings of Yorkshire meet, and is reckoned a county of itself. It is pleasantly situated on the rivers Ouse and Fosse, over the former of which there is a handsome stone bridge of three arches, finished in 1820. The other river is crossed by five bridges, one of them is a spacious stone edifice, recently erected. York is distant from London 199 miles, and contains twenty-eight parishes. Here are twenty-three parish churches, besides the minster or cathedral; this stately structure was not only the largest Gothic church in England, but was allowed to be superior to any in existence, until the incendiary Martin destroyed a considerable part of it: as this however is in progress of being restored we shall describe it as it stood before his infamous attempt. The whole length from east to west is 524 feet, breadth of the eastern end 105, and of the western end 109; length of the cross aisles, from north to south, 222; height of the grand lantern tower 213; height of the two western towers 196; height of the nave, or body of the church, ninety-nine: height of the eastern window seventy-five, breadth of the eastern window thirty-two. The west front is adorned with two beautiful towers, between which, over the entrance, is a window of fine painted glass. The south tower contains ten bells, the largest weighing 57 cwt., and on the top of the lantern, in the great middle tower, is a turret containing a small bell. The ascent to the south end of the cross is by three flights of steps; from this entrance there is a beautiful view of the marigold window, on each side of which are two compartments of windows, beautifully painted. The lantern steeple is ornamented with great taste, and has eight windows, forty-five feet high. The choir is divided from the rest of the church by a curious stone adorned with statues of all the kings of England, screen, over which is the organ, and the front is from William the Conqueror to Henry VI. There are thirty-two stalls for the prebendaries, all of fine marble; behind which, on each side of the choir, are curious ranges of carved wood work, adorned with pinnacles. The ascent to the altar is by a flight of sixteen steps, and the whole of the body ancient nobility, as well as archbishops, lie buried Many of the of the church is paved in Mosaic. here, and some of the monuments are magnificent. chitecture; it is an octagon, sixty-three feet in The chapter-house is a fine piece of Gothic ardiameter, and sixty-seven high, the roof being supported without pillars; the roof is of curious carved work, covered with lead; in the squares of the octagon are windows; some of them beautifully painted. In the vestry-room are several antiquities, particularly a horn, called Ulphus's drinking horn. On the north side of the church stands the library. This beautiful structure appears to have been built in the reign of Richard I., the former edifice having been destroyed by fire. The chapter of York, besides the archbishop, consists of a dean, a precentor, chancellor, subdean, four |