Being thus saved himself, he may be zealous in the salvation of souls. Id. ZEALAND, a province of the Netherlands, comprising the ancient county of Zealand, and DutchFlanders, and bounded on the west by the sea, on the north by Goree and Overflakee, and on the east and south by Brabant and Flanders. The chief part of this province consists of islands at the mouth of the Scheldt, viz. Schouwen, Duiveland, Tholen, Walcheren, North and South Beveland, and Wolfersdyk. The continental part is merely a strip lying along the south bank of the Hond or West Scheldt. The area of the whole is little more than 570 square miles, but the population is about 111,000. Different parts of this province have been at times exposed to heavy calamities, from the sea breaking over the dykes in storms at high tides, particularly in 1302, 1309, 1522, 1532, and 1548. In these catastrophes whole towns and districts have been overflowed and abandoned. The soil of Zealand is a rich black mould, excellent for pasturage, and the culture of madder, flax, and cole seed, which require a very heavy soil. Wheat is raised chiefly in South Beveland. The air is damp, not from fog, but from exhalations from the fresh water in the ditches and water courses. This affects even the health and longevity of the natives. ZEALAND, the largest of the Danish islands, is situated between the Cattegat and the Baltic, and is separated from Sweden by the Sound, and from Funen by the arm of the sea called the Great Belt. It extends from 55° 2′ to 56° 8' N. lat.; has an area of 2600 square miles, with 310,000 inhabitants; and contains the Danish capital Copenhagen. The surface resembles that of the adjacent Danish islands, in being entirely without mountains; but instead of being, like several of them, a dead flat, it is variegated by small hills and fields, intersected by canals, which, in summer, when the air is clear and the ground covered with vegetation, would remind a native of Lombardy of his native country. Such are, in particular, several tracks along the Sound, the Isefiord, and the Cattegat, also the environs of Soroe in the interior. The soil is rich. It abounds in corn, particularly barley; also in good pasturage, and exports both grain and cattle. The horses are small, but spirited. Wood is also plentiful, except in the middle of the island. Fish abounds in the numerous bays and creeks with which the island is indented in every direction. Here are also concentred most of the manufactures and trade of Denmark. Zealand is not included in any bishopric like the rest of Denmark, but forms an ecclesiastical superintendency. In a political sense, it is governed by a grand bailiff, and is subdivided into the bailiwics of Copenhagen, Fredericksborg, Holbeck, Soroe, and Præstoe. ZEALAND, NEW, two islands in the South Pacific Ocean, first discovered by Tasman. In the year 1642 he traversed the eastern coast from lat. 34° to 43°, and entered the strait called Cook's Strait. It was supposed, from the period of its first discovery to the time of the enterprising captain Cook, that the strait entered by Tasman, separated an island from some vast southern continent; but the British navigator, who sailed round both islands in the years 1769 and 1770, has completely removed this error. The two islands that go by the name of New Zealand are situated between 34° 22′ and 47° 25′ S. lat., and between 166° and 180° E. long. The northernmost of these islands is called by the natives Eaheinomauwe, and the southernmost Tavai, or Tovy Poenammoo. Upon referring to the map of this country, it will be seen that Faheinomauwe, or the the northern island, running from the North Cape, which is in lat. 34° 20′ S. to Cape Palliser, in 41° 36′ S., contains 436 miles in length; and taking the medium breadth, which varies from five miles at Sandy Bay to 180 at the East Cape, at about sixty miles, this extent will include 26,160 square miles, or 16,742,400 square acres; while Tavai Poenammoo, the southern island, extending from 41° 30′ to 47° 25' S., stretches 360 miles in length, and estimating its medium breadth at 100. miles, contains not less than 36,000 square miles, or 23,040,000 square acres. These islands, therefore, taken together, will give an area of 62,160、 square miles, or 39,782,400 square acres. Such is the calculation made of the dimensions of these islands by Mr. Nicolas, who visited them in the years 1814 and 1815, for the purpose of establishing missionaries. The general face of the country, as far as they had an opportunity of exploring it, is undulating: and the hills rise with a varied ascent, from inconsiderable eminences to lofty mountains. Mr. Nicolas mentions, that, in their excursions into the interior of the northern island, they found that the soil varied in its quality, but generally appeared extremely fertile. The hills were composed, for the greater part, of a stiff clay; and the valleys consisted of a black vegetable mould, producing fern of the most luxuriant growth; while the swamps, occasionally met with, were of trifling extent, and might be drained with little trouble or expense. Every where a fine rich verdure met the eye, and gave a favorable impression of the genial influence of the climate. Several missionary stations have been established here, for the double purpose of civilising the ignorant natives, and instructing them in the truths of the Christian religion; and the missionaries continue struggling against the serious obstacles opposed to their progress, from the ferocious habits and superstitions of the natives. It was in the year 1814 that the first missionary settlers were established among the New Zealanders, on the Bay of Islands, by the Rev. Samuel Marsden. Many difficulties were encountered; but the settlers still continued their efforts. The settlements were again visited in 1819 by Mr. Marsden, when a tract of land, consisting of 13,000 acres, was purchased from one of the chiefs, and the missionaries were settled on it. He also undertook a journey across the island, on which he discovered a large river, making its way, with its tributary streams, into the sea, on the opposite shore. This river he named Gambia. Several New Zealanders, who were brought to New Holland, and had there an opportunity of witnessing the arts and improvements of civilised life, have been of great service to the missions. ZEBEDEE, the father of St. James and St. John.. ZEBU, in zoology, a name given by M. de Buffon to the bos indicus of Linné. See Bos. ZECHARIAH, the son of Barachiah, and grandson of Iddo, the eleventh of the minor prophets. He returned from Babylon with Zerrubbabel and began to prophecy when very young, in the second year of Darius Hystaspes, A. M. 3484, two months after Haggai. These two greatly encouraged the Jews in building the second temple. ZEM ZECHARIAH, a canonical book of the Old Testament. See SCRIPTURE. ZECHARIAH, the son of Jehoiadah, a prophet of the blood royal, who was stoned to death by order of his ungrateful cousin, king Joash, in the court of the temple, for reproving him for his idolatry. 2 Chron. ZECHARIAH, the son of Barachiah, a prophet in the reign of Uzziah, whom he encouraged in well doing, but opposed when he attempted to encroach on the priest's office. 2. Chron. xxvi. 5. It is not ascertained which of these two last is the Zecharias mentioned as the last of the martyrs, in Matt. xxiii. 36, and Luke xi. 50, 51. ZECHIN. See SEQUIN. ZED, n. s. The name of the letter z. Thou whoreson zed, thou unnecessary letter. Shakspeare. ZEDEKIAH, from Heb. p and, i. e. the Justice of the Lord, the son of Josiah, and the last king of Judah before the captivity, so named by Nebuchadnezzar, who made him king, upon carrying his nephew Jeconiah captive. But rebelling eleven years afterwards, the king of Babylon put out his eyes, killed his sons, and sent him in chains to Babylon, where he died. See JUDAH. ZEDEKIAH, two false prophets of Israel, under Ahab. 1 Kings xxiii. ZEDOARY, in botany and materia medica. See KEMPFERIA and MATERIA MEDICA. ZEINE. The zeine of John Gorham is obtained from maize or Indian corn, by infusing it in water, filtering and treating with alcohol the matter insoluble in the former liquid, and evaporating the alcoholic solution. We thus obtain a yellow substance having the appearance of wax; it is soft, ductile, tough, elastic, insipid, nearly void of smell, and denser than water. It affords no ammonia on decomposition by heat; though it ap proaches in its nature to gluten. 718 ZELD, or CELLE, a city of Germany, in Hanover, at the confluence of the Fuhse and Aller. It is surrounded with a mound and moat, but has suburbs on the outside; and the palace belonging to the royal family is surrounded by a separate wall and ditch. It has several charitable institutions, an orphan house, a lunatic hospital, a poor-house; also a school of surgery, and a society of agriculture. It is, however, best known by its court of appeal for the Hanoverian territory at large. The town is tolerably built, and has some trade; and the inhabitants, who are chiefly Lutherans, are in number about 8200. Zell was formerly the capital of a duchy belonging to a distinct branch of the house of Brunswick: on the extinction of this branch, in 1705, their possessions devolved to the elector. The ducal palace was the residence of the unfortunate Caroline Matilda, queen of Denmark, from 1772 till her death in 1775; and a monument of Saxon marble is erected to her memory in the garden. Twenty-one miles N. N. E. of Hanover, and sixty-five south of Hamburg. ZELŐTTI (John Baptist), an eminent painter, born at Verona, in 1532, and educated under Titian. He died in 1592. ZEMARAIM, a city of the Benjamites, near Bethel, and a mountain so named at the foot of which Abijah defeated Jeroboam I., and 500,000 Israelites were killed. 2 Chron. xiii. 7. ZEMARITES, the descendants of Canaan, by his tenth son. They peopled Sinyra in Phoenicia, near Orthosia. ZEN ZEMINDAR, in its original meaning, signifies a great landholder of Bengal: but is more strictly applicable to those who have their title constituted or confirmed by a patent or charter from government, by which they hold their lands or zemindaries upon certain conditions. It appears from history, that, in times prior to the irruption of the Mahʊmetans, the rajahs who held their residence at Delhy, and possessed the sovereignty of Hindostan, deputed officers to collect their revenues. The word zemindar is Persian, and that language can have no currency in the countries of India, until it was introduced by the people of Persia. When the emperor Shebba-ul-Dien Chory conquered the empire of Hindostan at the end of the twelfth century, he left sultan Cutub-ul-Dien to be his viceroy at Delhy, and administer the government of Hindostan. From that time the customs and practices of the Mahometans began gradually to be esta blished in India: their armies were sent into the countries of the reduced rajahs, under the command of omrahs, in order to preserve the conquest; and lands were allotted to them to defray the expense. ZENAS, a lawyer, who was an early Christian convert and companion of St. Paul. Tit. iii. 13. ZEND, or ZENDAVESTA, a book ascribed to Zoroaster, and containing his pretended revelations ; which the ancient magicians and modern Persians, called also Gaurs, observe and reverence in the same manner as the Christians do the Bible, and the Mahometans do the Koran, making it the sole rule both of their faith and manners. The word, it is said, originally signifies any instrument used for kindling fire, and is applied to this book to denote its aptitude for kindling the flame of religion in the hearts of those who read it. See GENTOOS, MYTHOLOGY, and PHILOLOGY. The Zend contains a reformed system of magianism; teaching that there is a supreme Being, eternal, self-existent, and independent, who created both light and darkness, out of which he made all other things; that these are in a state of conflict, which will continue till the end of the world; and then there shall be a general resurrection and judgment; and that just retribution shall be rendered unto men according to their works; that the angel of darkness with his followers shall be consigned to a place of everlasting darkness and punishment, and the angel of light with his disciples introduced into a state of everlasting light and happiness; after which light and darkness shall no more interfere with each other. The Zend also enjoys the constant maintenance of sacred fires and fire temples for religious worship; the distinction of clean and unclean beasts; the payment of tithes to priests, which are to be of one family or tribe; a multitude of washings and purifications, resembling those of the Jewish law; and a variety of rules and exhortations for the exercise of benevolence and charity. In this book there are many passages evidently taken out of the Scriptures of the Old Testament, particularly out of the Psalms of David. The author represents Adam and Eve as the first parents of all mankind, gives in substance the same account of the creation and deluge with Moses, differing indeed with regard to the former, by converting the six days of the Mosaic account into six times, comprehending in the whole 365 days; and speaks also of Abraham, Joseph, Moses, and Solomon. Moreover, Dr. Baumgarten asserts, that this work contains doctrines, opinions, and facts, actually Lorrowed from the Jews, Christians, and Mahometans; whence, and from other circumstances, he concludes that both the history and writings of this prophet were probably invented in the later ages, when the fire worshippers, under the Mahometan government, thought fit to vindicate their religion from the suspicion of idolatry. At whatever period the Zend may have been written, we are assured by Dr. Hyde that it is in the pure old Persian language, and in the character called Peplavi. Some parts of it contain the original text, and others Zoroaster's second thoughts subjoined, for explaining more fully his doctrine. These were occasioned by the opposition of adversaries, and unforeseen circumstances which occurred during the fabrication of the imposture. About 300 years ago, when the old Persian language had become antiquated and little understood, one of the destours or high-priests among the Persees composed the Sadda, which is a compendium, in the vulgar or modern Persic tongue, of those parts of the Zend that relate to religion, or a kind of code of canons and precepts, drawn from the theological writings of Zoroaster, serving as an authoritative rule of faith and practice of his followers. The Sadda is written in a low kind of Persic verse, and, as Dr. Hyde informs us, it is bonorum et malorum farrago, having made many good and pious things, and others very superstitious and trifling. See PERSEES and ZOROASTER. ZENDICISM. See SARACENS. ZENETI. See ALGERINES and ALGIERS. 6 with such men. Crates, the Cynic philosopher, happening at that instant to be passing by, the bookseller pointed to him, and said, Follow that man.' Zeno attended upon the instructions of Crates, and was so well pleased with his doctrine that he became one of his disciples. But, though he admired the general principles of the Cynic school, he could not easily reconcile himself to their peculiar manners. Besides, his inquisitive turn of mind would not allow him to adopt that indifference to every scientific enquiry which was one of the characteristic distinctions of the sect. He therefore attended upon other masters, who professed to instruct their disciples in the nature and causes of things. When Crates, displeased at his following other philosophers, attempted to drag him by force out of the school of Stilpo, Zeno said to him, You may seize my body, but Stilpo has laid hold of my mind.' After continuing to attend upon the lectures of Stilpo several years, he passed over to other schools, particularly to those of Xenocrates and Diodorus Cronus. By the latter he was instructed in dialectics. He was so much delighted with this branch of study, that he presented to his master a large pecuniary gratuity, in return for his free communication of some of his ingenious subtleties. At last, after attending almost every other master, he offered himself as a disciple of Polemo. This philosopher appears to have been aware that Zeno's intention, in thus removing from one school to another, was to collect materials from various quarters for a new system of his own; for, when he came into Polemo's 6 ZEN'ITH, n. s. Arabic. The point over head school, he said to him, I am no stranger, Zeno, opposite to the nadir. ZENITH SECTOR. See ASTRONOMY, Index. ZENO, the founder of the sect of the Stoics, was born about 300 years B. C. at Citium in Cyprus. This place having been originally peopled by a colony of Phoenicians, Zeno is sometimes called a Phoenician. His father was by profession a merchant, but, discovering in his son a strong propensity to learning, he early devoted him to philosophy. In his mercantile capacity he had frequent occasion to visit Athens, where he purchased for his son several of the writings of the most eminent Socratic philosophers. These he read with great avidity; and, when he was about thirty years of age, he determined to take a voyage to a city which was so celebrated both as a mart of trade and of science. If it be true, as some writers relate, that he brought with him a valuable cargo of Phoenician purple, which was lost by shipwreck upon the coast of Piræus, this circumstance will account for the facility with which he at first attached himself to a sect whose leading principle was the contempt of riches. Upon his first arrival in Athens, going accidentally into the shop of a bookseller, he took up a volume of the Commentaries of Xenophon; and after reading a few passages, was so much delighted with the work, and formed so high an idea of the author, that he asked the bookseller where he might meet to your Phoenician arts, I perceive that your design is to creep slily into my garden, and steal away my fruit.' Polemo was not mistaken in his opinion. Having made himself master of the tenets of others, Zeno determined to become the founder of a new sect. The place which he made choice of for his school was a public portico, adorned with the pictures of Polygnotus, and other eminent painters. It was the most famous portico in Athens, and called, by way of eminence, roa, the porch. It was from this circumstance that the followers of Zeno were called Stoics. See STOICS. In his person Zeno was tall and slender; his aspect was severe, and his brow contracted. His constitution was feeble, but he preserved his health by great abstemiousness. The supplies of his table consisted of figs, bread, and honey; notwithstanding which, he was frequently honored with the company of great men. In public company, to avoid every appearance of an assuming temper, he commonly took the lowest place. Indeed so great was his modesty, that he seldom chose to mingle with a crowd, or wished for the company of more than two or three friends at once. He paid more attention to neatness and decorum in external appearance than the Cynic philosophers. In his dress indeed he was plain, and in all his expenses frugal; but this is not to be imputed to avarice, but a contempt of external magnificence. He showed as much respect to the poor as to the rich; and conversed freely with persons of the meanest occupations. He had only one servant, or, according to Seneca, none. Zeno lived to the extreme age of ninety-eight; and at last, in consequence of an accident, voluntarily put an end to his life. As he was walking out of his school he fell down, and in the fall broke one of his fingers; upon which he was so affected with a consciousness of infirmity, that, striking the earth, he said, Why am I thus importuned? I obey thy summons;' and immediately went home and strangled himself. He died in the first year of the 129th Olympiad. The Athenians, at the request of Antigonus, erected a monument to his memory in the Ceramicum. ZENO, a celebrated Epicurean philosopher, born at Sidon, who had Cicero and Pomponius Atticus for his disciples, and who wrote a book against the mathematics, which, as well as that of Possulonius's refutation of it, is lost. ZENO ELEATES, an eminent Grecian philosopher, was born at Elea about 504 years B. C. He was a zealous friend of civil liberty, and is celebrated for his courageous and successful opposition to tyrants; but the inconsistency of the stories related by different writers concerning him in a great measure destroys their credit. He chose to reside in his small native city of Elea rather than at Athens, because it afforded freer scope to his independent and generous spirit, which could not easily submit to the restraints of authority. It is related that he vindicated the warmth with which he resented reproach, by saying, ' If I were indifferent to censure, I should also be indifferent to praise.' The invention of the dialectic art has been improperly ascribed to Zeno: but there can be no doubt that this philosopher, and other metaphysical disputants in the eleatic sect, employed much ingenuity and subtlety in exhibiting examples of most of the logical arts, which were afterwards reduced to rule by Aristotle and others. According to Aristotle, he taught, that nothing can be produced either from that which is similar or dissimilar; that there is only one being, God; who is eternal, homogeneous and spherical, neither finite nor infinite, neither quiescent nor moveable; that there are many worlds; that there is in nature no vacuum; that all bodies are composed of four elements, heat and moisture, cold and dryness; and that the body of man is from the earth, and his soul an equal mixture of these four elements. He argued with great subtlety against the possibility of motion. If Seneca's account of this philosopher deserves credit, he reached the highest point of scepticism, and denied the real existence of external objects. The truth is, that, after all that has been advanced by different writers, it is impossible to determine whether Zeno understood the term one, metaphysically, logically, or physically; or whether he admitted or denied a nature properly divine. ZENOBIA, queen of Palmyra. See PALMYRA. ZENOBII INSULA, islands in the Adriatic. ZENODOTUS, a native of Troezene; who wrote a history of Umbria. Diod. ZEOLITE, in mineralogy, the name of a very extensive mineral genus, containing the following species --1. Dodecahedral zeolite or leucite; 2. Hexahedral zeolite or analcime; 3. Rhomboidal zeolite, chabasite, or chabasie; 4. Pyramidal zoolite, or cross-stone; 5. Diprismatic zeolite, or laumonite; 6. Prismatic zeolite, or mesotype, divided into three sub-species,-fibrous zeolite, natrolite, and mealy zeolite; 7. Prismatoidal zeolite, or stilbite, comprehending foliated zeolite, and radiated zeo. lite; 8. Axifrangible zeolite, or apophyllite. The following may be more distinctly specified. (6.) Prismatic zeolite or mesotype. i. Fibrous zeolite, of which there are two kinds; the acicular or needle zeolite, and common fibrous zeolite. (a.) Acicular, or needle zeolite, the mesotype of Hauy. Colors grayish, yellowish, or reddishwhite. Massive, in distinct concretions, and crys tallised. Primitive form, a prism of 91° 25'. The following are secondary figures :-An acicular rectangular four-sided prism, very flatly acuminated with four planes, set on the lateral planes; sometimes two of the acuminating planes disappear, when there is formed an acute bevelment, or the prism is sometimes truncated on the edges. Lateral planes longitudinally streaked. Shining, inclining to pearly. Cleavage two-fold. Fracture small-grained, uneven. Fragments splintery. Translucent. Refracts double. As hard as apatite. Brittle. Specific gravity 20 to 2-3. It intumesces before the blowpipe, and forms a jelly with acids. It becomes elastic by heating, and retains this property some time after it has cooled. The free extremity of the crystal with the acumination, shows positive, the attached end, negative electricity. Its constituents are silica 50-24, alumina 29-3, lime 9-46, water 10.-Vauquelin. It occurs in secondary trap-rocks, as in basalt, green stone, and amygdaloid. It is found near the village of Old Kilpatrick, Dumbartonshire; in Ayrshire and Perthshire, always in trap rocks; in Iceland and in the Faroe Islands. (b.) Common fibrous zeolite. Color white. Massive, in distinct concretions, and in capillary crystals. Glimmering, pearly. Fragments splintery. Faintly translucent. Hardness as before. Rather brittle. Specific gravity 2:16 to 2.2. Chemical characters and situations as above. Its constituents are, silica 49, alumina 27, soda 17, water 9:5.Smithson. ii. Mealy zeolite.-Color white, of various shades. Massive, imitative, in a crust, or in delicate fibrous concretions. Feebly glimmering. Fracture coarse earthy. Opaque. The mass is soft, but the minute parts as hard as the preceding. Sectile. Most easily frangible. Does not adhere to the tongue. Feels meagre. Sometimes so light as nearly to float on water. It intumesces, and gelatinizes as the preceding. Its constituents are, silica 60, alumina 15.6, lime 8, oxide of iron 1-8, loss by exposure to heat 11.6.-Hisinger. It occurs like the others. It is found near Tantallon Castle, in East Lothian, and in the islands of Skye, Mull, and Canna. (7.) Prismatoidal zeolite, or stilbite. Of this there are two sub-species; the foliated and radiated. i. Foliated zeolite, the stilbite of Hauy. Color white, of various shades. Massive, disseminated, imitative, in distinct granular concretions, and crystallised. Primitive form, a prism of 99° 2. Secondary forms are, a low, oblique, four-sided prism, variously truncated; a low equiangular sixsided prism; and an eight-sided prism, from truncation of all the edges of the four-sided prism. Lateral planes transversely streaked. Shining, pearly. Cleavage single. Fracture conchoidal. Translucent. Refracts single. As hard as calcareous spar. Brittle. Specific gravity 2 to 2-2. It intumesces and phosphoresces before the blowpipe, but does not form a jelly with acids. its constituents are, silica 52-6, alumina 17-5, lime 9, water 18.5-Vauquelin. It occurs principally in secondary amygdaloid, either in drusy cavities of in contemporaneous veins. It is also met with in primitive and transition mountains. Very beautiful specimens of the red foliated and radiated zeolites are found at Carbeth in Stirlinghire, and at Lock Humphrey in Dumbartonshire; also in the secondary trap rocks of the Hebrides, as of Skye, Canna, and Mull; and in the north of Ireland. i1. Radiated zeolite.-Stilbite of Haüy. Colors yellowish-white and grayish-white. Massive, in angular pieces, in prismatic and granular concretions, and crystallised in a rectangular four-sided prism variously modified by acuminations. Shining, pearly. Translucent. Hardness and chemical characters as above. Brittle. Specific gravity 2:14. Its constituents are, silica 40.98, alumina 39.09, lime 10.95, water 16.5.-Meyer. Its situations are as the preceding.-Jameson. ZEOPYRUM, a kind of grain between spelt and wheat.-Bailey. ZEPHANIAH, one of twelve minor prophets, the son of Cushi and grandson of Gedaliah, prophesied in the reign of Josiah, and was contemporary with Jeremiah. ZEPHANIAH, a canonical book of the Old Testa- ment. They are as gentle As zephyrs blowing below the violet. Shakspeare. Zephyr you shall see a youth with a merry countenance, holding in his hand a swan with wings displayed, as about to sing. Peacham. Mild as when Zephyrus on Flora breathes. Milton. ZEPHYRUS, in the mythology, the god of the west wind, was the son of Astreus and Aurora, and the lover of the nymph Chloris according to the Greeks, or of Flora according to the Roma; and as presiding over the growth of fruits and flowers. He is described as giving a refreshing coolness to the air by his soft and agreeable breath, and as moderating the heat of summer by fanning the air with his silken wings. He is depicted under the form of a youth, with a very tender air, with wings resembling those of the butterfly, and with his head crowned with flowers. As the poets of Greece and Rome lived in a warm climate, they are lavish in their praise of this beneficent deity, and under his name describe the pleasure and advantage they received from the western breezes. ZERDA. See CANIS. ZETLAND. See SHETLAND. ZEVEN. See CLOSTER SEVEN. ZEUS (Zɛvç), in mythology, a name of Jupiter; explained to mean Noah. See DELUGE, and SAN CHONIATHO. ZEUS, in ichthyology, a genus of fishes of the 3. Z. Vomer. See ABACATUAIA. ZEUXIS, a celebrated painter of antiquity, who flourished about 400 years B. C. He was born at Heraclea; but, as there have been many cities of that name, it cannot be certainly determined which of them had the honor of his birth. Some conjecture that it was Heraclea near Crotona in Italy. He carried painting to a much higher degree of perfection than Apollodorus had left it; discovered the art of properly disposing of lights and shades, and particularly excelled in coloring. He amassed ZERTA, or the ZERTE, a fish caught in the immense riches; and then resolved to sell no more rivers of Italy and some other places, of the figure of his pictures, but gave them away; saying, of the chub, and called by authors capito anadro-That he could not set a price on them equal to mus, and the blike. It seldom grows to more than two pounds weight, and at times lives in rivers, at times in the sea; and is esteemed a very well tasted fish, especially a little before the season of its spawning. The zerte is that species of cyprinus described by Gesner and others under the name of copito anodromus. ZEST, n. s. Fr. zest. The peel of an orange squeesed into wine; a relish. Almighty vanity! to thee they owe Their zest of pleasure, and their balm of woe. Young. their value,' Pliny observes that this admirable painter, disputing for the prize of painting with Parrhasius, painted some grapes so naturally that the birds flew down to peck them. Parrhasius, on the other hand, painted a curtain so very artfully, that Zeuxis mistaking it for a real one that hid his rival's work, ordered the curtain to be drawn aside, to show what Parrhasius had done; but, having found his mistake, he ingenuously confessed himself vanquished, since he had only imposed upon birds, while Parrhasius had deceived even a mas 3 A |