HABIT AND INTELLIGENCE.

IN THEIR CONNEXION

WITH THE LAWS OF MATTER AND FORCE:

A SERIES OF SCIENTIFIC ESSAYS.

BY

JOSEPH JOHN MURPHY.

IN TWO VOLUMES.

VOL. II.

London:

MACMILLAN AND CO.

1869.

[The Right of Translation and Reproduction is reserved.]

LONDON:

R. CLAY, SONS, AND TAYLOR, PRINTERS,

BREAD STREET HILL.

9621

Βε
∙1195

2

CONTENTS OF VOL. II.

CHAPTER XXVII.

INTELLIGENCE.

Formative, motor, and mental functions, all guided by intelligence-Instinctive

intelligence of the bee the same in kind with formative intelligence—Instinct

is not more wonderful than formative intelligence-Purpose in the formation

and action of the iris-Gradation from unconscious to conscious and rational

motor actions in the eye, and in the digestive organs—Actions determined by

sensation—All motor actions are intelligent, whether conscious or not-Intel-

ligence, unconscious and conscious, formative and mental, is fundamentally

the same-This view includes instinct-We cannot point out the beginning of

sensation, or of consciousness-Most thought, perhaps all, is partly unconscious

--Identity of formative, instinctive, and mental intelligence-A special act of

creation is not necessary for every new adaptation-Moral difficulties lessened

by this view-Parasitic worms-Unnatural or immoral instincts-All matter

is endowed with forces, and vitalized matter is endowed with intelligence-

Intelligence tends to guide all vital actions in the direction that is best for the

health of the organism—Disease is no exception-Vital actions minister not

only to the individual, but to the race-Reproductive and maternal functions—

Social affections-Development of unconscious action into conscious-Love of

life.

NOTE: Instinct :-Instincts of social insects cannot be inherited-Darwin's ex-

planation by natural selection-I think them due to Intelligence-Instincts of

some fishes
Pp. 1-11

CHAPTER XXVIII.

MIND.

Definition impossible-Mind is developed out of sensation-Consciousness inex-
plicable-Consciousness is of sensation-Sensation without consciousness-
Sleep-Mental development-Consciousness distinct from sensation-Acquired
taste due to a change not in the sensation, but in the consciousness of it-