teresting coffin-stone exists in the present church-yard of Heysham, but probably it was brought down there from the earlier church, whose ruins still remain on a point of rocky land above the present church, and overlooking Morecombe bay. Hessa is said to have taken possession of this point of land at a very early period in the Saxon era, and in addition to his place of strength to have erected a chapel there dedicated to St. Patrick. The ruins of a church which now exist present no features which enable us to fix its date with any certainty, but since the more modern church has some rather early Norman features, it is not unreasonable to conclude that these ruins are of Saxon date. On page 14 is given a plan of the churchyard with part of the foundation of the wall, and some curious stone coffins cut in the solid rock. In the more modern churchyard are some coffin-stones apparently of Norman workmanship, which may perhaps have covered these interesting coffins. It is difficult to conjecture the meaning of the sculptures upon the stone here represented. On one side we have two men at each end with elevated arms, and between the groups a stag and several animals apparently hogs. On the other side we have one man in the centre with elevated arms and holding a cup in his right hand, standing beside a tree, and surrounded by animals. Similar figures of men, and beasts of the chase, &c., are found in very many of the early upright crosses, (see Sculptured Monuments of Angus,) their meaning is not yet satisfactorily explained. Date probably tenth century, or early eleventh. PLATE XXXIV. Cambridge Castle. Preserved at the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge. See next note. PLATE XXXV. Cambridge Castle. This and the preceding example, together with several other somewhat similar, and the headstones Plate LXXVIII.* and LXXIX., and stone coffins, bones and other relics, were found under part of the original ramparts, in Cambridge castle, when great part of it was destroyed in 1810. The site had undoubtedly been a Saxon burial-place. As the castle was built c. A.D. 1070, these stones must be earlier than that date, perhaps about the beginning of the eleventh century. An account of the discovery is given in the Archæologia, vol. xvii. p. 228, and several of the coffin-lids are represented in Plates xv., xvi., from drawings supplied by the late Mr. Kerrich. See also his original sketches and notes, preserved in the Brit. Mus. Addit. MS. 6735, fol. 189. Barningham, Yorkshire". Another interesting example of Saxon knot-work its date may be earlier than eleventh century. Welbeck Priory, Notts. A hand holding a pastoral staff. A pastoral staff of this shape is found on the seal of Odo, bishop of Bayeux, c. 1060, (Archæologia, vol. i. p. 344,) and in an illumination from a MS. of the eleventh century, engraved in Ducarel's Norman Antiquities; also on a bas-relief inserted over the south door of Papplewick church, Notts.; the date of this will therefore be c. 1066. Found in the Market-place, Dovery. This is a very interesting early example of a coffin-stone; the inscription, in Runic character, GISOHTVS, is probably the name of the deceased: date, possibly the ninth or tenth century. This is the earliest example on which we find the cross alone without other ornament, after the fashion subsequently so common. PLATE XXXVI. Lincoln Cloisters. The design upon this interesting stone is clearly a Jesse, or pictorial genealogy of Christ, such as was so frequently introduced in the stained glass windows of the twelfth and succeeding centuries. This consisted of a genealogical tree, springing sometimes from the side of a man lying at the bottom of the design; the branches are arranged so as to form medallions, in which are represented the principal characters which occur in the genealogy of our Lord. In the present example it is difficult to appropriate the figures; those in the upper corners are doubtless angels; that seated, in the attitude of benediction, and with a nimbus, appears intended for our Lord; it is not clear who are intended by the remaining figures. PLATE XXXVII. Coningsborough, Yorks. The sculptures on the front and lid of the coffin appear to be emblematical: a dragon which u Archæol. Journal, vol. iv. p. 357. * Gough. Archæologia, vol. xxv. p. 604. is trampling upon one man is opposed by a knight with sword and shield; behind the knight is a bishop in the usual attitude of benediction. It is not unlikely that the knight may represent the person whose monument this is, and the whole sculpture may represent some particular event in his life, or generally his zeal in defence of the Church. On the lid are two knights tilting; the temptation of Eve; and other sculptures which appear to be the signs of the Zodiac. These signs are not unusual on Norman sculptures, e. g. at Brinsop church, Herefordshire, engraved in the Archæol. Journal, vol. ii. p. 270. The costume and style of work is that of the beginning of the twelfth century: compare the bishop's staff with that on Bishop Ralph's tomb, Plate XL. See an account of this tomb by Mr. Haigh, Arch. Journal, vol. i. p. 354. Winchester Cathedral'. This monument is generally, and with great probability, attributed to William Rufus; its date would then be A.D. 1100. Little Dunmow, Essex. The tomb of the Lady Iuga Baynard, who founded the priory and was the first prioress: she died A.D. 1111. PLATE XXXVIII. Chichester Cathedral. Monument of Bishop Radulphus, A.D. 1123. A very interesting example. Bakewell, Derbyshire. See next note. Bakewell, Derbyshire. Knot-work almost identical with that in this and the preceding example is to be found on the seals of Alice de Romille, wife of William de Romara, c. A.D. 1130, and of Robert de Lacy, about the same date; both engraved in Whittaker's History of Craven. Also on a Norman capital at Steetly, Derby, engraved in Lysons' Derbyshire. From the chalice on this stone it must be the monument of an ecclesiastic; yet the stone is only two feet long, it cannot therefore have been the coffin-lid: it may however have been the lid of a chest, containing the heart or viscera of the priest; for it was very usual for the heart and viscera to be interred at one place, and the body at another. Thus in Lincoln cathedral were interred the viscera of Queen Eleanor, while her body was interred in Westminster abbey. See also note to Hinton, Kent, Plate XXIX. • Grose. PLATE XXXIX. Ewenny, Glamorganshire. The stone of Maurice de Londres, who in A.D. 1141 gave Ewenny as a cell to Gloucester abbey. This will give the date of the stone c. A.D. 1150. The inscription is, ICI GIST MORICE DE LVNDRES LE FVNDVR DEV LI RENDE SVN LABVR Am(en). Gough conjectures that the PLATE XL. Dewsbury, Yorkshire. birds on this slab are eagles, and that the stone may be connected with the family of Soothill, whose cognizance was an eagle. The double calvary steps here are singular; the date of the stone is prebably late in the twelfth century. Bakewell, Derbyshire. PLATE XLI. Lincoln Cathedrala. This stone, with its stone coffin and the corpse within it in a high state of preservation, was found at the east end of Lincoln cathedral. A chalice and the remains of a staff were found with the body; the shape of the cross would lead us to suppose that the coffin was that of an archbishop. For a full account of the discovery of the coffin and its contents. see Archæologia, vol. i. p. 53. Bakewell, Derbyshire. There are also fragments of two other stones of similar design. Bakewell, Derbyshire. Compare this with the design from the same place, Plate v. Bakewell, Derbyshire. A very singular and beautiful design. PLATE XLII. Oakley, Bedfordshire. A dog is very usually placed at the feet of effigies, as in Plate LXVIII., and Norton Disney, Plate LXX.; this is a curious and solitary instance of its being similarly placed at the foot of the sepulchral cross; in the example from Chetwynd, Plate LVIII., we have a lion similarly placed. The cross indeed appears often to have been regarded as a symbol or representation of the deceased Christian; in the double cross slabs, for instance, we find a cross to represent each person, that which represents the man occupying the sinister side of the slab. Bakewell, Derbyshire. Another instance of the cross without shaft. The lily termination of the limbs is different from the ordinary shape, the form of the matrix in which the cross is placed is also curious. Gough, vol. i. P. 53. Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire. The stone of Abbot Alan, A.D. 1202. Newbigging, Northumberland. For remarks on the symbols, see p. 42. The border and other ornaments are very curious; compare the head of the cross with that at Marisk, Plate XLIII., Rushen abbey, Plate XLIV., Woodhorn, Plate XLIV., &c. There are from twenty to thirty other interesting examples of slabs at this church. PLATE XLIII. Southwell, Notts. Tankersley, Yorkshire. A stone very similar to this, but with graduated calvary, from Ernley, Yorkshire, is engraved by Gough, vol. i. Marisk, Northumberland. Compare this with the incised stone from the same place, Plate v. The skulls scattered about the rock at the base point it out as Mount Calvary, "the place of a skull." New Romney, Kent. (Restored from a cross almost obliterated.) This cross formed by four circles is of very common occurrence; this and the three succeeding examples shew varieties of this design. It also occurs in incised slabs, Mansfield Woodhouse, Plate x., and Great Salkeld, Plate XIII., &c. PLATE XLIV. Dorchester, Oxon. Southwell Minster, Notts. Rushen Abbey, Isle of Man. The disjointed state of the design suggests the idea that the sunk parts of the stone have been filled up with some composition. Woodhorn, Northumberland. A staff in shape much like the symbol here occurs also on a stone at Aldwick le Street, Yorks., (Gough, vol. i.;) it may be a palmer's staff. PLATE XLV. Oakington, Cambridgeshire. For remarks on the ornament at the middle of the shaft, see p. 44. Bakewell, Derbyshire. A very singular device. Bakewell, Derbyshire. PLATE XLVI. Besthorpe, Norfolk. A very common design; it occurs also on stones at Kirklees, Yorkshire, Willoughby, Lincoln, &c. Bakewell, Derbyshire. The shape of this cross is a very common one; it occurs on an incised stone at Attenborough, Notts., Kirkby in Ashfield, Notts., Hallhoughton, Notts., &c., as well as in |