is highly creditable, like Fuller's plates and casts, to American neurological industry, ability and ingenuity. Starr's work on brain surgery has been complimented by translation into the German and French languages. His contribution to the study of tumors of the spinal cord, '95, and diagnosis of cerebral abscess, '97, are valuable additions to cerebrology and spinology.

We are indebted to Daniel R. Brower, of Chicago, for at new surface thermometer, and many studies in medico-legal and traumatic insanity, electro-therapy and spinal neurosis; to Brower, Andrews and Hughes for separate clinical studies of hyoscyamine; to Brower, Clevenger, Kiernan and many others, for records of traumatic insanity; to Brown for the case of Mark Gray (concealed insanity) and Pendergast as a paranoiac, and too many other records and monographs for our space.

Progress in the knowledge of the localization of sensations has been made in this country especially through the studies of Dr. Charles L. Dana, and the diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage and acute softening, vertigo in temporal lobe lesions; apoplexy, the apopleptic pulse, the cause of perforating necrosis of the spinal cord, its continued sclerosis, the pathology of chorea and paralysis agitans, and studies in alcoholism, acromegaly and the pathological anatomy of Tic Douloureux, besides his text book on nervous diseases now going into the fourth edition which has features unexcelled in any book published abroad.

The literature of multiple neuritis, paramyo-clonus multiplex, the neuron conception of the nervous system, chorea, and Raynaud's disease, have been written upon by Fry, of St. Louis. Bauduy has given us a book that ought to be revised; Bremer has added to the literature of microscopical blood states in disease and Shaw's Diagnostic Neurology and contributions to morbus Thomsenii, are valuable additions to the literature of Neurology, and my own work which appears mainly in my journal, the ALIENIST AND NEUROLOGIST, founded in 1880, I offer to your critical consideration. If I have accomplished but little, it is not because my intentions have not been good. In addition to what

has already been cursorily referred to, I claim the introduction of chloral hydrat per rectum in puerperal eclampsia, infantile convulsions and obstetric practice, besides early articles on the dual action and vicarious functions of the cerebral hemispheres and lobes of the brain, aphasia, hyoscyamine in psychiatry, moral and other forms, and the definition, of insanity.

If we take the wings of the morning and fly to the uttermost parts of the earth we shall find the Neurologist there, so rapid has been the progress of neurology within the short time since it began to take rank as a medical specialty, almost within the average life of a generation of men. But we read and go beyond the confines of our own country to be satiated with the richness of neurological contributions. An examination of the psychiatric and neuriatric bibliography here appended would make one feel, after what we have thus far gone over, like "gnawing a file and fleeing unto the mountains of Hepsidam" for rest, "where the lion roareth and the whangdoodle mourn eth" for our diversion, but we will stop awhile at the Rockies and here we find Pershing perched on the heights of Denver, Thombs lower down in Pueblo, and Jeremiah T. Eskridge, the lion of the tribe of Judah, who went out to Denver with one lung and developed a voice that has been heard in highest and strongest neurological notes around the world. He has been so active there that the festive bacillus tuberculosis could not find further lodgement on his never resting cerebral anatomy. I have before me a record of 103 contributions to the literature embracing every aspect of neurological inquiry from diagnosis, pathology, physiol ogy and treatment to the neural therapy of climate. His articles on retro-anterograde amnesia, temporary abulic agraphia, symptoms of speech disturbances as aids in cerebral localization, on brain tumors and glioma, and chapters on insanity and feigned diseases, the latter in the American System of Medical Jurisprudence, have attracted much attention. But the full list is close at hand and I refer you to it.

Since American medical literature had its birth here and

since we started our incursion here, it is mete that we return. There are neurological giants in Philadelphia whose measurements we have not yet taken. The contributions of James Hendrie Lloyd embrace Brain Tumors, Syringomyelia, Diseases of Occupations, and the Spinal Cord in Pernicious Anæmia. Friedreich's Ataxia has received intelligent attention in several valuable monographs by Chas. W. Burr, of Philadelphia, and its pathology has been especially elucidated by this author. Prof. Burr has also reported a case of hysteria with ataxia confined to one leg, discussed the frequency of ataxia in negroes, thrown some new light on the causes of hysteria, added a case of tactile amnesia and mind blindness to the literature, elucidated the pseudo-paralysis of childhood, the spinal cord lesions and symptoms of anæmia and conjointly with Weir Mitchell, given us a record of some unusual cases of chorea, possibly involving the spinal cord.

Wharton Sinkler's contributions to neurological medical literature include the Relations of Lead Palsy to Paralysis, to Mechanical Injuries of Nerves, Infantile Paralysis and Paralysis of Children, Adult Spinal Paralysis, Chorea in the Aged, Friedreich's Disease, Painless Facial Spasm, the Toe Reflex, Observations on Migraine, Brain Tumors, Syringomyelia, Lesions of the Thalamus, Athetosis, Tremor, Paalysis Agitans, Poliomyelitis Anterior, etc.

But these are not all the giants of Philadelphia. Though you will find among them, Ajaces, Boanerges and several Corypheuses in neurological medicine, here are some of the blows another giant (of this peaceful city), Charles K. Mills, has struck in opening the way to the high pinnacle on which American neurology stands to-day:

"The Relation of Infectious Processes to Mental Disease," "The Naming Centre," "The Localization of Lesions in the Pons and Pre-oblongata," "Phases of Syphilis of the Brain," "The Diagnosis of Intracranial Tumors," "Aphasia and Disorders of Pantomime," and "Treatment of Diseases of the Brain."

Dr. Mills has nearly completed the first part of a Practical Treatise on the Nervous System and its Diseases, a

volume of about one thousand pages, which will be issued by the J. B. Lippincott Company of Philadelphia, about the first of October of the present year, and every American neurologist will be proud of it. He is the author of too many neurological monographs to be here enumerated; his articles, clinical and pathological, include reports on many cases of brain tumor; numerous clinical lectures and reports on the affections of the nervous system; articles on hypnotism; medico-legal papers; the Toner Lecture on Mental Overwork and Premature Disease among Public and Professional Men, published by the Smithsonian Institution; articles on Hysteria, Hystero Epilepsy, Catalepsy and Ecstacy, in the American System of Practical Medicine; and in the same work, "Tumors of the Brain and its Envelopes" (with Dr. J. Hendrie Lloyd); numerous reports on cases of insanity and papers on cerebral and spinal localization, and "Cerebral Localization in its Practical Relations." Besides these names, those of Spiller and Marineso come to me, but a record of the work must now be deferred to the Appendix.

As I close this report I note that the leading articles in many of the latest issues of the leading journals of the country are on advanced neurological subjects. Lewellys F. Barker, in the New York Medical Journal, continues his interesting contributions on the Nervous System and its constituent neurons; Allan Bonar, in the Record, gives us new light on many disturbances in locomotor ataxia, and Henry Hun, who has contributed much in years gone by, gives an instructive study of analgesia, thermic anæsthesia and ataxia, from focal softening in the medulla oblongata and cerebellum, due to occlusion of the left inferior posterior cerebellar artery; further enlightening us on the course of the sensory and coordinating tracts in the medulla, and Henry M. Lyman, of Chicago, in the Journal of the A. M. A. for May 22nd, elaborates the subject of Nervous Dyspepsia with proofs of the position taken on this subject (though he does not name them as such) by Brigham seventy years ago and referred to in the beginning of this essay.

During the past year there has appeared in my journal.

alone advanced neurological articles on the following subjects: "The Anastomoses Between the Spinal Accessory and the Vagus," by Drs. D. Mirto and E. Pusateri; "Some Current Errors Regarding Insanity," by Dr. Arthur E. Mink; "A Case of Chronic Chorea, with Pathological Changes Similar to those of General Paresis," by Dr. E. D. Bondurant; "A Note on the Treatment of Sexual Inversion," by Havelock Ellis; "The Advancement of Psychiatry in America and the Relation of Psychiatry to General Medicine," by Dr. Edward Cowles; "Abuse of the Bromides," by Dr. Harriet C. B. Alexander; "An Ataxic Paranoiac of Genius," by Dr. J. G. Kiernan; "Hysterical Analgesia," by Dr. C. C. Hersman; "State Care and State Maintenance for the Dependent Insane in the State of New York," by Dr. Carlos F. MacDonald; "Nervous Shock and Disease of the Nervous System as a Cause of Pernicious Anemia,' by Dr. James B. Herrick; "Differential Diagnosis of Insanity," by Dr. C. B. Burr; "Observations on the Histological Development of the Cerebellar Cortex in Relation to the Faculty of Locomotion," by Dr. Aurelio Lui; "Scrivener's Palsy not Solely Pen Fatigue," by Dr. C. H. Hughes; "Are Americans Degenerates?" by Dr. Jas. G. Kiernan; "Sociology and the Realistic Novel," by Dr. Ingeborg Taustrom; "The Surface Thermometry of the Head in Diseases of the Brain," by G. W. McCaskey; "Syphilis as an Aetiological Factor in the Production of Locomotor Ataxia," by Dr. C. Travis Drennen; "The Psycho-Neural Factor in Medical Practice," by Dr. C. H. Hughes; "Psychical Herm-· aphroditism," by Dr. William Lee Howard; "Preputial Reflex Epileptiform Convulsions, with Report of a Case," by Dr. Alex L. Hodgdon; "Intemperance, Consanguine Marriages, and Educational Overpressure, as Factors in the Genesis of Nerve Disease and Degeneration of the Race," by Sir Frederick Bateman, M. D.; "What is Meningitis?" by Dr. W. S. Christopher; "The Case of Sturgeon Young, a Question of Hypnotic Injury and Death," by Clark Bell, Esq.; "Encephalitic and Late Epilepsy," by Dr. J. G. Kiernan; "Psychoses of Old Age," by Harriet C. B. Alexander; "The Auto-Toxic Origin of Epilepsy," by Dr. J.