Francis Bacon's Philosophy of Science: An Account and a ReappraisalBacon's scientific method is commonly thought to proceed mechanically to its infallible end. In this book however, Urbach presents Bacon's philosophy in an alternative light which acquits him of several errors. Urbach describes Bacon as an experimental scientist and examines the criticisms made against him, one of which was that he did not understand the roles of mathematics and science. Bacon was not a traditional metaphysician and was alarmed at the lack of progress in science since ancient times, especially the lack of practical results. He attempted to open up a middle path between practical experience and unsupported theorizing. The author intends to clarify rather than defend Bacon's work. |
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الصفحة 62
Bacon termed causes " formal " or " forms " when their presence not only produced the effect in question , as efficient and material causes do , but when , in addition , their absence prevented its appearance : the Form of a nature is ...
Bacon termed causes " formal " or " forms " when their presence not only produced the effect in question , as efficient and material causes do , but when , in addition , their absence prevented its appearance : the Form of a nature is ...
الصفحة 64
effects and observations " ( VT , 237 ) . However , it is difficult to see how the theory could be ... This effect clearly depends on the “ intermedium " separating the object from its beholder , as well as on the " act of sense " .
effects and observations " ( VT , 237 ) . However , it is difficult to see how the theory could be ... This effect clearly depends on the “ intermedium " separating the object from its beholder , as well as on the " act of sense " .
الصفحة 66
... we discover just some of the sufficient and some of the necessary conditions for the effects under investigation . ... must be approached gradually , as the class of conditions sufficient for the effect to be manifested is widened .
... we discover just some of the sufficient and some of the necessary conditions for the effects under investigation . ... must be approached gradually , as the class of conditions sufficient for the effect to be manifested is widened .
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المحتوى
The Standard Interpretation | 17 |
Bacons Principles of Induction | 25 |
1 | 59 |
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عبارات ومصطلحات مألوفة
anticipation appear argued argument astronomy atoms axioms Bacon believe bodies called causes certainly Chapter claim clearly cold collection colour complete concerning conclusion considered correct course criticism described detailed direct discovered discovery discussion doubt earth effect established evidence example experimental experiments explain expressed facts final follows force further Gilbert hand heat hypotheses idea idols induction infallible instances interpretation italics kind knowledge laws lead light Magnete material mathematics matter means merely method mind motion namely nature necessary never objects observations original particles particular perhaps phenomena philosophy physical Popper positive possible practice predictions present principles probable produce question reason referred regarded rejected remarks scientific seems sense similar simple specific speculation substances suggested tables theory things thought true understanding University vacuum various writings