representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial officers of a State, or the members of the legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. 3. No person shall be a senator or representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two thirds of each House, remove such disability. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void. 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. ARTICLE XV1 SECTION 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. SECTION 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. ARTICLE XVI2 The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration. ARTICLE XVII8 The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each senator shall 1 Adopted in 1870. 2 Passed July, 1909; proclaimed February 25, 1913. 8 Passed May, 1912, in lieu of paragraph one, Section 3, Article I, of the Constitution and so much of paragraph two of the same Section as relates to the filling of vacancies; proclaimed May 31, 1913. have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislature. When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct. This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution. INDEX NOTE.-A guide to all of the important topics is furnished by the Table of Contents. 169 ff. Accounting, municipal, 514 ff., 535 ff.; | Chairman, of the national committee, Ambassadors, expenses of, 295 ff. Charter, municipal, 510 ff. Commerce, under Articles of Confedera- Commission, Civil Service, 208 ff.; state Appropriations, obtaining estimates for, Committee of Correspondence, 16 ff. 338 ff.; in states, 459 f. Arbitration, international, 110; treaty, Committees, conference, 272; legisla- Army, of the United States, 309 f.; Congress, Continental, 18 ff.; under Articles of Confederation, 25 ff.; criti- Assembly district leader, 579 f. Bank, federal, constitutionality of, 63 ff. Articles of Confederation, 26 ff.; the Constitution, the federal, convention Constitutions, early state, 72 ff. Continental Congress, 18 ff. Campaign, the national, conduct of, Contracts, obligation of, 391. 171 ff.; contributions, 572 ff. con- Convention, call for Maryland, 36; difficulties confronting the constitu- | Governor, the royal, 2 ff.; in a corporate tional, 44 ff. colony, 7; in early state constitu- Governors' Conference, 361 ff. Convention, party, 119 ff.; Benton's Cuba, resolution for intervention in Habeas corpus, 87, 134. Health department, municipal, 543 ff. House of Representatives, 214 ff., 253 Immigration, 100. Impeachment, 216. Implied powers, doctrine of, 63 ff. Inheritance tax, federal, 323 ff., 331; Initiative and referendum, in Oklahoma, Injunctions, 88. Instruction, of Representatives in Con- Irrigation, 363, 371 ff. Jeffersonians, 92 ff. Executive power, of royal governor, 2 ff.; | Judiciary, federal, 273 ff., 614 ff.; state, 477, 488 ff. See Supreme Jury trial, 87, 377, 490. Labor, legislation, 91, 617 ff.; in city Legislation, 427 ff.; special, 458; refer- ure in, 466; reform in, 467 ff.; and Liberty, religious, 10; under the Four- Machines, political, 82 f., 127 ff. See Madison, on Articles of Confederation 38 ff.; his views on the federal Con- Prohibitions, on the federal government, stitution, 49 ff. Martial law, 449 ff. Mayor, power of, 519, 524. Militia, national, 308 f. Mineral lands, reservation of, 368 ff. Monopolies, prohibition of, 89, 358 ff., Municipal government, 509 ff.; Owner- National committee, chairman of, 169 ff. 134 ff.; on state government, 391 ff. Railroads, 108 ff., 352 ff., 609 ff. 54 ff. Rebates, 354. Recall, the system of, 531 f.; 497. Registration, of voters, 401. Removal, President's power of, 198 ff. Negroes, excluded from the suffrage, Repeating, in elections, 584 f. 401 ff. Republican party, 96 ff. Resources, national, 361 ff. Office-holders, political activity of, Revenue bill, preparation of, 263, 333 ff. Rotation in office, doctrine of, 81 ff. Pardoning power, of the royal governor, Rules Committee, 260. 5; exercise of, 448. Parks, municipal, 545 ff. Party, political, 50 ff., 92 ff., 160 ff., 220, Senate, the federal, 215 ff.; elections 247 ff., 567 ff. Personal property tax, 597 ff. to, 221 f., 225 ff.; original purpose of, Senatorial courtesy, 212. Senators, election of, 221 f., 225 ff.; Separation of powers, 117, 138 ff. Slavery, 95 ff., 392 ff. Popular election, of United States Speaker, duties of, 256; political sig- Senators, 61 ff. Porto Rico, 111; nificance of, 257 ff. government of, Special legislation, nature of, 84 ff. 388 ff. States, sovereignty of, 25; prohibitions Supreme Court, the federal, 140 ff.; |