3. BACON'S PHILOSOPHY.

It has lengthened life; it has mitigated pain; it has extinguished diseases; it has increased the fertility of the sòil; it has given new securities to the màriner; it has furnished new arms to the warrior; it has spanned great rivers and estuaries with bridges of form unknown to our fathers; it has guided the thunderbolt innocuously from heaven to earth; it has lighted up the night with the splendor of the day; it has extended the range of the human vision; it has multiplied the power of the human muscles; it has accelerated motion; it has annihilated distance; it has facilitated intercourse, correspondence, all friendly offices, all despatch of business; it has enabled men to descend to the depths of the sea, to soar into the dir; to penetrate securely into the noxious. recesses of the earth, to traverse the land in cars which whirl along without horses, and the ocean in ships which run ten knots an hòur against the wind.

4. FREEDOM.

MACAULAY.

I love Freedom better than Slavery. I will speak her words; I will listen to her music; I will acknowledge her impulses; I will stand beneath her flag; I will fight in her ranks; and, when I do so, I shall find myself surrounded by the great, the wise, the good, the brave, the noble of every land.

5. CHOATE'S EULOGY ON WEBSTER.

BAKER.

We seem to see his fórm and hear his deep, gráve speech everywhere. By some felicity of his personal life; by some wise, deep, or beautiful word spoken or written; by some service of his own, or some commemoration of the services of others, it has come to páss that " our gránite hills, our inland sèas, prairies, and fresh, unbounded, magnificent wilderness;" our encircling òcean; the résting-place of the Pilgrims; our new-born sister of

the Pacific; our pópular assèmblies; our frée schools; all our cherished doctrines of education, and of the influence of religion, and national pólicy and law, and the Constitution, give us back his name. What American landscape will you look on; what subject of American interest will you study; what source of hópe or of anxiety, as an Américan, will you acknowledge, that it does not recall him?

Rule VI. In commencing a series of emphatic particulars, each particular except the last takes the slight falling inflection of the "third," and in a concluding series, each particular except the last but one takes the falling inflection.

EXAMPLES.

1. The air, the earth, the water teem with delighted existence.

2. Valor, humanity, courtesy, justice, and hónor, were the characteristics of chivalry.

3. The ministers of religion, the priests of literature, the historians of the past, the illustrators of the prèsent, capital, science, àrt, invèntion, discoveries, the works of génius-all thèse will attend us in our march, and we shall conquer.

BAKER.

4. The characteristics of chivalry were vàlor, humanity, courtesy, jústice, and honor.

5. A TROPICAL SCENE.

The mountain wooded to the peak, the lawns
And winding glàdes high up like ways to heaven,
The slender còco's drooping crown of plumes,

The lightning flash of insect and of bìrd,
The luster of the long convolvuluses

That coiled around the stately stems, and ran
Even to the limit of the land, the glows
And glories of the broad belt of the world,

All thèse he saw; but what he fain had seen
He could not sèe, the kindly human face,
Nor ever hear a kindly voice, but heard
The myriad shriek of wheeling ocean-fowl,
The league-long roller thundering on the reef,
The moving whisper of huge trèes that branched
And blossomed in the zenith, or the sweep
Of some precipitous rivulet to the wave,
As down the shore he ranged, or all day long
Sat often in the seaward-gazing górge,
A shipwrecked súilor, waiting for a sail;
No sail from day to dày, but every day
The sunrise broken into scarlet shafts
Among the palms and ferns and précipices;
The blaze upon the waters to the east;
The blaze upon his island overhead;
The blaze upon the waters to the west;

Then the great stars that globed themselves in heaven, The hollower-bellowing deean, and again

The scarlet shafts of sunrise,-but no sàil.

TENNYSON'S Enoch Arden.

ILLUSTRATION.

The contrast in the rendering of a series with the rising inflection and the unemphatic tone of indifference, or with the falling inflection and the emphasis of feeling, is illustrated by the following:

The one with yawning made reply:

“What have we seen? Not múch have I! Trées, méadows, móuntains, gróves, and streams, Blue sky, and clouds, and sunny gleams."

The other, smiling, said the same;

But, with face transfigured and eye of flame:
"Trèes, meadows, mountains, gròves, and strèams,
Blue sky and cloùds and sunny glèams!”

Rule VII. The cadence, or falling inflection at the end of a sentence, must not be made too abruptly.

The closing descent in tone at the end of a sentence falls lower than the falling inflection at the end of the propositions that make up a compound sentence, and lower than the slide on emphatic words or clauses. The longer the sentence, the more marked is the cadence. The common errors in cadence are: (1) Dropping the tone suddenly on the last word of the sentence. (2) Falling too soon in the sentence. (3) A gradual diminishing in force towards the end of a sentence, so that the last few words are feebly uttered. (4) A monotonous sameness of inflection.

The difference between the partial falling inflection in the body of a sentence and the cadence at the close, must be illustrated by the living voice of the teacher. Take the following sentence from Addison for illustration :

"Our sight is the most perfect and most delightful of all our senses. It fills the mind with the largest variety of ideas, converses with its objects at the greatest distance, and continues the longest in action without being tired or satiated with its proper enjoyments.”

Here the slide on "ideas" and "distance" is the partial falling, say the falling third, while the cadence on "enjoyment" runs to the falling fifth. It will be noticed, also, that the voice slides upward on "action," to prepare for the cadence at the close of the sentence.

EXAMPLES.

1. I have done my duty; I stand acquitted to my conscience and my country; I have opposed this measure throughout; and I now protest against it, as hàrsh, opprèssive, uncalled for, unjùst; as establishing an infamous precedent, by retaliating crime against crime; as tyrannous-cruelly and vindictively tyrannous.

2. Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey,
Where wealth accumulates and men decày:
Princes and lords may flourish, or may fade-
A breath can make them, as a breath has made;
But a bold peasantry, their country's príde,
When once destroyed, can never be supplied.
3. God of the earth's extended plains!

The dark green fields contented lìe:
The mountains rise like holy towers,
Where man might commune with the sky;
The tall cliff challenges the storm

That lowers upon the vale belów,
Where shaded fountains send their streams,
With joyous music in their flow.

RULES FOR CONTRASTED INFLECTIONS.

Rule I. When negation is opposed to affirmation, negation has the rising, and affirmation the falling inflection. Contrasted words are emphatic.

EXAMPLES.

1. He did not call you, but mè. 2. He called you, not mé.

3. He called neither you nor mè.

4. Man never is, but always to bè blest.

5. JOHN HOWARD.

He visited all Europe-nót to survey the sumptuousness of pálaces, or the stateliness of témples; not to make accurate measurements of the remains of ancient grándeur, nor to form a scale of the curiosities of modern árt, nor to collect médals, or collate mánuscripts; but to dive into the depths of dungeons, to plunge into the infection of hospitals, to survey the mansions of sorrow and pain; to take the gauge and dimensions of misery, depréssion, and contempt; to remember the forgotten, to