attend to the neglected, to visit the forsaken, and compare and collate the distresses of all men in all countries. His plan is original; it is as full of génius as of humanity. It was a voyage of discovery-a circumnavigation of charity.

BURKE.

Rule II. When the conjunction OR connects contrasted words or phrases, it is preceded by the rising, and followed by the falling inflection. Contrasted words are emphatic.

EXAMPLES.

1. Did he call Jáne or Mary?

2. Is this book yours or mine?

3. Sink or swim, live or die, survive or pèrish, I give my hand and my heart to this vote.

4. Do we mean to carry on or to give up the war? Require an additional example from each pupil.

Rule III. Contrast or antithesis is denoted by opposite inflections on the contrasted words of a sentence, and the contrasted words are emphatic.

Pupils should be cautioned against the common fault of substituting, in examples of contrast, the circumflex inflections for the direct rising and falling inflections. The following example is often incorrectly read thus:

1. In the one we most admire the măn; in the other, the work.

It should be read as follows:

2. In the one we most admire the mán; in the other, the work.

3. Incorrect: As is the beginning, so is the end.

4. Correct: As is the beginning, so is the end.

5. Incorrect: What we gain in power is lost in tîme. 6. Correct: What we gain in power is lost in tìme.

The circumflex inflections are properly applied in cases of very emphatic contrast, or in the expression of irony, sarcasm, wit, and humor.

Selection 3, at the end of this chapter, affords good illustrations of contrasted circumflex, while selections 1, 2, and 5 are examples of the use of the direct rising and falling inflections.

"A fault of local usage, prevailing throughout New England," says Prof. Russell, “is that of giving all emphasis with the tone of the circumflex. It is a tone incompatible with simplicity and dignity of expression, and belongs properly to irony or ridicule, to the peculiar significance of words and phrases embodying logical or grammatical niceties of distinction, or to the studied and peculiar emphasis which belongs to the utterance of a word intended to convey a pun. This fault would be avoided by giving emphasis with the direct inflection, instead of the circumflex."

EXAMPLES OF CONTRAST.

1. I said good, not bád; virtuous, not vícious; èducated, not illiterate.

2. He spoke for education, not against it.

3. After the shower, the tranquil sùn;
Silver stárs when the day is done.
After the snów, the emerald leaves;
After the harvest, golden sheaves;
After the clouds, the violet sky;
Quiet woods when the winds go by.
After the témpest, the lull of wàves;
After the battle, peaceful gràves.
After the knell, the wèdding-bells;
Joyful greetings from sad farewèlls.
After the búd, the radiant ròse;
After our weeping, sweet repòse.

After the burden, the blissful mèed;
After the fúrrow, the waking seed.

After the flight, the downy nest ;
Beyond the shadowy river-rèst.

4. Thus the Puritan was made up of twò different mèn: the one, all self-abásement, pénitence, grátitude, pássion; the other, pròud, càlm, inflèxible, sagàcious. He prostrated himself in the dust before his Máker; but he set his foot on the neck of his king.

5. ROME AND CARTHAGE.

The catastrophe of this stupendous drama is at hand. What actors are mèt! Twó ràces-that of merchants and mariners, that of laborers and soldiers; twó nàtions -the one dominant by góld, the other by steel; twó republics-the one théocratic, the other aristocratic. Róme and Carthage! Róme with her ármy, Cárthage with her fleet; Carthage, old, rich, and crafty-Róme, yoùng, pòor, and robust; the past, and the fùture; the spirit of discovery, and the spirit of cònquest; the genius of cómmerce, the demon of war; the East and the South on one side, the West and the North on the other; in short, twó worlds-the civilization of Africa, and the civilization of Europe.

VICTOR HUGO.

6. I have always preferred cheerfulness to mirth. The látter I consider as an áct, the former as a habit of the mind. Mirth is short and transient, cheerfulness fixed and permanent. Mirth is like a flash of lightning, that breaks through a gloom of clouds, and glitters for a móment; cheerfulness keeps up a kind of daylight in the mind, and fills it with a steady and perpétual serènity.

7. THE ONE-HOSS SHAY.

For the wheels were just as strong as the thills,
And the floor was just as strong as the sills,

And the panels just as strong as the floor,
And the whipple-tree neither less nor mòre,
And the back crossbar as strong as the fore,
And spring, and áxle, and húb èncore,
And yet, as a whole, it is past a doubt
In another hour it will be worn out!

8. DUST TO DUST.

"Earth to earth, and dúst to dùst!"
Here the evil and the just,

Here the youthful and the òld,
Here the fearful and the bòld,
Here the mátron and the maid,
In one silent bed are laid;
Here the vással and the king
Side by side lie withering;

Here the sword and scèpter rùst

He was in logic a great critic,
Profoundly skilled in analytic,

He could distinguish and divide

A hair 'twixt south and south-west side;
On either which he would dispute,
Confute, change hands and still confute.
He'd undertake to prove by force
Of argument a man's no hôrse;
He'd prove a buzzard is no fôwl,
And that a lord may be an owl;
A călf an âlderman, a goose a jústice,
And rooks committee-men and trustees.
He'd run in debt by disputation,
And pay with ratiocination.

HOLMES.

CROLY.

BUTLER.

Take them into the church. Talent has always something worth hearing, tact is sure of abundance of hearers;

talent may obtain a living, tact will make one; talent gets a good name, tact a great one; talent convinces, tact converts; talent is an honor to the profession, tact gains honor from the profession. Take them to court. Talent feels its weight, tact finds its way; talent commănds, tact is obeyed; talent is honored with approbation, and tact is blessed by preferment.

Rule IV. Direct questions generally require the rising inflection, and their answers, the falling inflection.

EXAMPLES.

1. Have you studied your lesson? Yès. 2. Are you going to New York? Nò.

3. OUR COUNTRY.

Oh, country, marvel of the éarth!
Oh, realm to sudden gréatness grown!
The age that gloried in thy bírth,
Shall it behold thee overthrówn?
Shall trăitors lay that greatness lów?
No! Land of Hópe and Bléssing, Nò!

4. THE INQUIRY.

Tell me, my secret sóul,

Oh, tèll me, Hópe and Faith,

Is there no resting-place

From sorrow, sín, and death?
Is there no happy spót

Where mortals may be blessed,
Where grief may find a bálm,

And weariness a rést?

BRYANT.

Faith, Hópe, and Love-best boons to mortals gíven— Waved their bright wings, and whispered "Yès, in heaven!"

MACKAY,