viii. (1881), 551–563. C. GORE, in Smith and Wace, iii. (1882), 652673. By the same: Leo the Great (Lond. Soc. for Promoting Christ. Knowledge, 175 pages). On the literary merits of Leo, see EBERT ; Geschichte der christl. lat.

Lit., vol. i. 447-449.

Page 329. Add to § 64 the following:

LIST OF POPES AND EMPERORS

FROM CONSTANTINE THE GREAT TO GREGORY THE GREAT, A.D. 314-590. Comp. the lists in vol. ii. 166 sqq., and vol. iv. 205 sqq.

This list is based upon Jaffé's Regesta, Potthast's Biblioth. Hist. Medii Aevi, and Cardinal Hergenrother's list, in his Kirchengesch., third ed. (1886), vol. iii. 1057 8qq.

Page 330, line 8 from below, read after HEFELE (R. C.):

Conciliengeschichte, Freiburg i. B. 1855 sqq.; second revised ed. 1873 sqq., 7 vols., down to the Council of Florence (1447).

Page 353. Add to footnote:

The reign of Pope Pius IX. has added another Council to the Latin list of œcumenical councils, that of the Vatican, 1870, which is counted as the twentieth (by Bishop Hefele, in the revised edition of his Conciliengesch., i. 60), and which decreed the infallibility of the Pope in all his official utterances, thereby superseding the necessity of future oecumeni. cal councils. It has given rise to the Old Catholic secession, headed by eminent scholars such as Döllinger, Reinkens, Reusch, Langen. See the author's Creeds of Christendom, vol. i. 134 sqq.

Page 518. Add to Lit. :

C. A. HAMMOND: Antient Liturgies (with introduction, notes, and liturgiCH. A. SWAINSON: Greek Liturgies, Cambridge, 1884.

cal glossary). Oxford, 1878.
chiefly from Original Sources.

On the history of Architecture in general, see the works of KUGLER : Geschichte der Baukunst (1859, 3 vols.); SCHNAASE: Gesch. der Kunst (1843–66, 8 vols.); LÜBKE History of Art (Eng. transl. New York, 1877, 2 vols.); VIOLLET LE Duc: Lectures on Architecture (London, 1877), and his numerous works in French, including Dictionnaire de l'architecture Française (Paris, 1853–69, 10 vols.); JAMES FERGUSSON: History of Architecture of all Countries from the earliest Times to the present (Lond., 1865; 2d ed., 1874, 4 vols.).-On church architecture in particular: RICHARD BROWN: Sacred Architecture; its Rise, Progress, and Present State (Lond., 1845); KREUSER: Der christl. Kirchenbau (Bonn, 1851); HÜBSCH: Altchristl. Kirchen (Karlsruhe, 1858-61); DE VOGUE: Architecture civile et relig. du I au VII siècle (Paris, 1877, 2 vols.); CH. E. NORTON Studies of Church Buildings in the Middle Ages (New York, 1880). There are also special works on the basilicas in Rome, Constantinople, and Ravenna. See 2 106 and 107.

:

Page 560. § 109. Crosses and Crucifixes.

Comp. the Lit. in vol. ii. ?? 75 and 77.

Page 563. Add to Lit. :

Mrs. JAMESON and Lady EASTLAKE: The History of Our Lord as exemplified in Works of Art (with illustrations). London, 1864; second ed. 1865. 2 vols. Also the works on Christian Art, and on the Catacombs quoted in vol. ii. 2 75 and 82.

Page 622. Add to Lit., line 3 from below:

EUGÈNE REVILLOUT: Le Concile de Nicée d'après les textes coptes et les diverses collections canoniques. Paris, 1881. The works on Arianism and on Athanasius include accounts of the Council of Nicœa. On the Nicene Creed and its literature, see SCHAFF: Creeds of Christendom, vol. i. 12 sqq. and 24 sqq.; and the article of Ad. HARNACK, in Herzog,' vol. viii. (1881) 212-230, abridged in SchaffHerzog (1886), ii. 1648 sqq.

Page 651. Add to Lit., line 13:

THEOD. ZAHN: Marcellus von Ancyra. Gotha, 1867.

(Zahn repre

sents Marcellus as essentially orthodox and agreed with Irenæus, but

as seeking to gain a more simple and satisfactory conception of the truth from the Bible than the theology of the age presented. Neander, Dogmengesch., i. 275, had suggested a similar view.) W. MÖLLER: Art. Marcellus in Herzog vol. ix. (1881), 279–282. (Partly in opposition to Zahn.) E. S. FFOULKES, in Smith and Wace, iii. 808-813. (Ignores the works of Zahn and other German writers.)

Page 689. $132. The Athanasian Creed. Add to Lit.:

A. P. STANLEY: The Athanasian Creed. Lond., 1871. E. S. FFOULKES: The Athanasian Creed. Lond., 1872. CH. A. HEURTLEY: The Athanasian Creed. Oxf., 1872. (Against Ffoulkes.) J. R. LUMBY: History of the Creeds. Cambridge, 1873; second ed. 1880. The UTRECHT PSALTER, a facsimile ed., published in London, 1875. This contains the oldest MS. of the Athan. Creed, which by Ussher and Waterland was assigned to the sixth century, but by recent scholars to the ninth century. C. A. SWAINSON: The Nicene and Apostles' Creeds, together with an Account of the Growth and Reception of the Creed of St. Athanasius. Lond., 1875. (Comp. his art. Creed in Smith and Wace, i. 711.) G. D. W. OмMANEY: Early History of the Athan. Creed. An Examination of Recent Theories. Lond., 1875; 2d ed. 1880. SCHAFF: Creeds of Christendom, i. 34 sqq. and ii. 66–72, 555 sq. (With a facsimile of the oldest MS. from the Utrecht Psalter.)

Page 696.

The statements concerning the origin and age of the Athanasian Creed should be conformed to the author's views as expressed in his work on Creeds, i. 36. The latest investigations do not warrant us to trace it higher than the eighth or seventh century. The first commentary on it ascribed to Venantius Fortunatus, 570, is of doubtful genuineness, and denied to him by Gieseler, Ffoulkes, and others. The majority of recent Anglican writers, including Stanley, Swainson, and Lumby, assign the Creed to an unknown author in Gaul between A.D. 750 and 850, probably during the reign of Charlemagne (d. 814). Hardy and Ommaney plead for an earlier date. The question is not yet fully settled. The Creed consists of two parts, one on the Trinity and one on the Incarnation, which were afterward welded together by a third hand. The second part was found separately as a fragment of a sermon on the Incarnation, at Treves, in a MS. from the middle of the eighth century, and was first published by Prof. Swainson, 1871, and again in 1875.

Page 872. Add to Lit. on Eusebius:

FR. AD. HEINICHEN: Eusebii Pamphili Scripta Historica. New ed. Lips., 1868-70. 3 Tom. The third vol. (804 pages) contains Commentarii et Meletemata. The ample indexes and critical and explanatory notes make this the most useful edition of the Church History and other historical works of Eusebius. DINDORF's ed., Lips., 1867 sqq., 4

vols., includes the two apologetic works. Best ed. of the Chronicle by ALFRED SCHÖNE: Eusebii Chronicorum libri II. Berol. 1866 and 1875. 2 Tom., 4°. Schöne was assisted by Petermann in the Armenian Version, and by Rödiger in the Syriac Epitome. He gives also the xpovoypapeîov ovvroμov of the year 853, the first part of which professes to be derived from the labors of Eusebius. STEIN: Eusebius nach s. Leben, s. Schriften, und s. dogmatischen Charakter. Würzburg, 1859. Bishop LIGHTFOOT: art. Eusebius of Cos. in Smith and Wace, vol. ii. 308–348 (full and fair). SEMISCH: art. Eus. v. Cœs. in Herzog,' vol. iv. 390–398. A new translation of Eusebius, with commentary, by A. C. MCGIFFERT, will appear, N. York, 1890.

Page 885. Add to Lit. on Athanasius:

G. R. SIEVERS: Athanasii Vita acephala (written before 412, first publ. by Maffei, 1738). Ein Beitrag zur Gesch. des Athan. In the "Zeitschr. für hist. Theol." (ed. by Kahnis). Gotha, 1868, pp. 89–162. BÖHRINGER: Athanasius und Arius, in his Kirchengesch. in Biogr. Bd. vi., new ed. Leipz., 1874. HERGENRÖTHER (R. C.): Der heil. Athanas. der Gr. Cologne, 1877 (an essay, pages 24). L. ATZBERGER: Die Logoslehre des heil. Athanas. München, 1880. W. MÖLLER: Art. Athan. in Herzog, i. 740-747. LÜDTKE: in Wetzer and Welte,' i. (1882), 1534-1543. GWATKIN: Studies in Arianism. Cambr. 1882.

Page 890. Add to footnote at the bottom:

Villemain considers Athanasius the greatest man between the Apostles and Gregory VII., and says of him: "Sa vie, ses combats, son génie servirent plus à l'agrandissement du christianisme que toute la puissance de Constantin. Athanase cherche le triomphe, et non le martyre. Tel qu'un chef de parti, tel qu'un général experimenté qui se sent nécessaire aux siens, Athan. ne s'expose que pour le succès, ne combat que pour vaincre, se retire quelque fois pour reparaître avec l'éclat d'un triomphe populaire.” (Tableau de l'éloquence chrétienne au IV' siècle, p. 92.)

Page 894, line 11. Add to Lit. on St. Basil:

DÖRGENS: Der heil. Basilius und die class. Studien. Leipz., 1857. EUG. FIALON: Étude historique et literaire sur S. Basile, suivie de l'hexaemeron. Paris, 1861. G. R. SIEVERS: Leben des Libanios. Berl., 1868 (p. 294 sqq.). BÖHRINGER: Die drei Kappadozier oder die trinitarischen Epigonen (Basil, Gregory of Nyssa, and Gregory of Naz.), in Kirchengesch, in Biograph., new ed. Bd. vii. and viii. 1875. WEISS: Die drei grossen Kappadorier als Exegeten. Braunsberg, 1872. R. TRAVERS SMITH: St. Basil the Great. London, 1879. (Soc. for Promoting Christian Knowledge), 232 pages. SCHOLL: Des heil. Basil Lehre von der Gnade. Freib., 1881. W. MÖLLER, in Herzog, ii. 116-121. E. VENABLES, in Smith and Wace, i. 282–297. FARRAR : "Lives of the Fathers," 1889, vol. ii. 1-55.

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