ROUTE 61. brethren, abjured the Prophet and the Sultan, and, seizing on Croia, proclaimed himself the avenger of his family and country. The names of religion and liberty provoked a general revolt of the Albanians, who inSALONICA TO CONSTANTINOPLE. dulged the Ottoman garrisons in the choice of martyrdom or baptism; and There are steamers once or twice for 23 years Skanderbeg resisted the a-week, stopping at the Dardanelles powers of the Turkish Empire,-the and Gallipoli, and reaching Constanhero of Albania in modern, as Pyrrhus tinople in 36 hrs. By land the jourhad been in ancient times. His re-ney will occupy 6 or 7 days, on horsesources at length were exhausted, for Skanderbeg died a fugitive at Lissus, on the Venetian territory; and the independence of his country expired with him. "His infant son was saved from the national shipwreck; the Castriots were invested with a Neapolitan dukedom, and their blood con back. Clisali Buyuk Beshek Pravista.. tinues to flow in the noblest families Cavalla (Neapolis) of the realm. A colony of Albanian Ferry over the Nestus, or Karasû Christianity is now extinct at Croia, which is inhabited entirely by Moslem Albanians. Gummurjine Kishan Malgara Rhodosto Hrs. 7 4 16 3 6 1 The road now crosses a fertile level. Two remarkable natural rocks rising perpendicularly from the plain look like Cyclopean ruins. The road passes between them, and descends to the Jake of Bolbe. Buyuk Beshek, or Greater Beshek (called by the Greeks Besikia), 2 hrs., Is a town, situated on the lake, com- | countrymen for not having saved Ammanding a beautiful view, and on the site of the ancient Bolbe. Coasting the shores of the lake, we arrive at Kutchuk Beshek, Little Beshek, 14 hr. The view here is beautiful, and the town, situated on a promontory, has something of the character of Swiss scenery. The road enters a defile after passing the extremity of the lake. Right, are the ruins of a monastery. The rocks rise to an immense height, and are covered with planetrees and oak. phipolis also. The Athenians sent an expedition to recover the city in B.C. 422, which failed: Cleon, the celebrated Athenian democratic leader, and his gallant opponent, Brasidas, were both killed in the battle (vide 'Grote's Hist.' vol. vi.). Amphipolis was annexed to his dominions by Philip of Macedon, in B.c. 358. The Romans made it the capital of one of the four districts into which they divided Macedonia. It was situated on the Via Egnatia, between Thessalonica and Constantinople. Serres is 9 hrs. N.W. of the site of Amphipolis. A khan is reached in 1 hr. (From this place it is 16 hrs. to Mount Athos). The road proceeds along the shore, and doubling a point of land, the N.E. side of the Sinus Strymoni- Orphano, 8 hrs., is situated at the cus comes in view. On the opposite foot of one side of a ridge, and Palæo side of the gulf are the ruins of Am- Orphano on the other It is a phipolis, near the village of Neo-poor village, with a small fortress on chorio. the side of the hill. Numbers of fine ancient medals and coins have been found here. The road now lies E.N.E. over a plain, which is highly cultivated. Many Turkish villages and fountains are seen. The river Strymon, the boundary of Macedonia and Thrace, is crossed by a flying bridge. The road now passes through the ruins of Amphipolis, consisting chiefly of walls more of Roman than of Greek masonry. The remains Khan of Kunarga, 4 hrs. The of an aqueduct and traces of the Acro- mountains 1. are high and massy. polis may be seen. Amphipolis was a Near Kunarga are fragments of ancolony of Athens, and played a con- cient columns, which are also visible spicuous part on the stage of ancient in the Turkish cemeteries near the history. It was situated on an emin- road. At the end of the plain are six ence on the eastern bank of the or seven fountains upon one spot. Strymon, just below its egress from Leaving these, a paved road ascends the Palus Cercinitis (also called Lake a hill, whence there is a fine view of Prasias), and about 3 m. from the sea. Pravista in a defile, and beyond it The Strymon flowed almost around of the great plain of Serres, which the town, whence the name Amphi-supplies Salonica with her exports of polis. At an earlier period it was called the Nine Ways (èvvéa ódoí), from the many roads which met here, and it belonged to the Edonians, a people of Thrace. These barbarians Pravista, 6 hrs., is a dirty, wretched frustrated the earlier attempts of Aris- town. The road descends into the tagoras of Miletus and of the Atheni-plain of Serres, crossing it from S.W. ans to plant an Hellenic colony in this to the N.E.; 1. are the mountains of important position; but the Athenians Drama, near which are situated the at length effected a settlement in B.C. remains of 437. The city surrendered to Brasidas, the Spartan, B.C. 424, but Thucydides, the historian, saved the port Elon, at the mouth of the Strymon. He was exiled for 20 years by his cotton and tobacco. Serres contains 20,000 inhabitants, and is on the site of the ancient Sirrhæ. Philippi, consisting of the ruins of an amphitheatre, a number of Soroi, the colossal relics of a temple of Clandius, and some enormous marble columns. The celebrity of Philippi | ments of Grecian sculpture have been found here. The lake was the Palus Bistonis. To the 1. is the range of Rhodope. as the scene of St. Paul's imprisonment with Silas A.D. 53, and his having addressed an epistle to its inhabitants, will cause the site to be regarded with feelings of no common interest. Here also Octavianus and Antony gained their victory over Brutus and Cassius in B.C. 42. Philippi is called by the Turks bejik. Feli Cavalla, 3 hrs. from Pravista. This place was Neapolis, where St. Paul landed, after his voyage from Troas, from the island of Samothrace. It is situated on a promontory, with a port on each side; hence its advantageous situation as an emporium of maritime commerce, which is now confined to the exportation of cotton and tobacco. A large aqueduct on two tiers of arches still remains; it conducts water from Mount Pangaus to the citadel. Two precipices of this mountain advance 80 near the sea as to form narrow defiles, the passages of which were once closed and defended by walls. Opposite is the island of Thasos. The celebrated Mehmet Ali, Pasha of Egypt, was a native of Cavalla. The road now ascends a part of Mount Pangaus by a paved way, with a fine view of Neapolis. To the 1., the top of the hill is covered with ruined walls, and the ancient aqueduct here crosses the road. We descend by a paved road, and see S.E. the Isle of Thasos, E. the high top of Samothrace, and S. Mount Athos. Leaving the bay, we cross another mountain, and see as we descend an ancient gateway. The road now traverses a dreary plain to The Ferry of the Nestus, or Karasû, 2 hrs. Yenidje, in Greek Iannitza, 4 hrs., --a town of 200 houses. 2 hrs. from Yenidje the sea enters the plain by a narrow mouth, and forms a salt-water lake. At its northern extremity is a picturesque ruin of an abbey or monastery of great magnitude, Frag= | There are many cemeteries and tombs of Turkish saints on this part of the route. The wells in Thrace are frequently curious, consisting of an arch, whence a covered flight of 10 or 15 steps leads to the level of the water. 1 hr. from Gummurjine we pass some ruins. Gummurjine, 8 hrs., is a large town of 1000 houses, carrying on an inland commerce in corn, tobacco, cotton, and wool. The road hence traverses a dreary plain for 2 hrs., and arrives at a bridge of 8 or 9 archies. 14 hr. farther it reaches an ancient bridge of 8 arches, over a small river. Farther on, the road ascends a mountain in an easterly direction. This wild region is on the heights once inhabited by the Cicones, who assisted Priam against the Greeks. In this mountain-pass the road is in many parts paved, being the old Roman Highway from Rome to Constantinople. A fine view presents itself of the Egean, and the isles of Samothrace, Imbros, and Lemnos; and 1 hr. before reaching Phereh there is another fine prospect of the Gulf of Enos with Samothrace and the islands of the Egean. Phereh, 16 hrs., situated on the E. side of Mount Serrium. This town was within the district of the Cicones. hr. hence we arrive at the Maritza (the Hebrus), which formerly divided the Cicones and the Apsynthii. The great maritime plain watered by the Hebrus was called Doriscus, from an ancient town on the neighbouring coast. On a part of it the forces of Xerxes were reviewed previous to their descent upon Greece. We continue over the same plain to Kishan, 8 hrs. Situated at the E. extremity of the plain of Hebrus, near the termination of the chain of Rho dope, Kishan carries on considerable inland commerce. road leads to Malgara, 4 hrs. A hilly and stony This part of Thrace resembles the steppes of Southern Russia; it contains large tumuli, similar to those seen in Tartary. A hilly and dreary road leads to Yenigik, 8 hrs.; and then to Rhodosto (4 hrs.), the ancient Bisanthe. This is a large town on the Propontis, or Sea of Marmora. It contains no antiquities. The road lies over the same bleak country to Eski Erekli, 9 hrs. Tumuli are in sight the whole way. 2 hrs. before reaching Eski Erekli, to the rt., are the ruins and the port of the ancient Perinthus. The place is called Buyuk Erekli, and the port is fit for large vessels. Leaving Eski Erekli, the old Roman road, paved with black marble, is in many parts entire. Selivria, 3 hrs. Here there is a bridge of 30 arches. The road now lies along the shore of the Propontis. Buyuk Tchekmadjeh, or the Great Bridge, 6 hrs., has a series of 4 stone bridges, over which, and along the paved way, the road passes the town by a lake. The harbour is spacious. Kutchuk Tchekmadjeh, or the Little Bridge, 3 hrs., is a village by the seaside, surrounded by marshes, and liable to malaria. It commands, however, a view of the Sea of Marmora. Hence there is a railway to Constantinople. (HANDBOOK TO CONSTANTINOPLE.) [Greece.] Y INDEX. ABACUS, 22. ABACUS. Abadia, 388. A. Academy, 202 (see Ancient 242, 255, 259; source, 445; Acherusian plain, 417, 420, 422. Nauplia, 272. Acropolis of Amphipolis, 479- Acte, 73, 216, 459. Actia, 413. Actiacns, 413. ÆGEAN SEA. Actium, 115, 413; remains of, Actius, 413. Adam, Sir F., statue of, at EGEAN SEA, islands of the:- Islands belonging to Greece. Ikos (Chiliodromia), 349; Xe- AEGEAN SEA. Thera (Santorin), 342; The- Islands belonging to Turkey. Carpathos (Scarpanto), 370. Chios (Scio), 357; "Homer's Cos (Stanco), 364; Admiralty Crete (Candia)-History, ac- Lemnos (Stalimene), 352; Lesbos (Mitylene), 354; resi- |