address, in which they took the liberty to point out the evils that most generally had attended paper money, both in England and America, and most probably would attend an emission in that colony. The governor also addressed the house upon the subject, to the same end; but added at the close of his address, "Gentlemen, these are most frankly and sincerely my sentiments upon the matter before you, and as I do not find myself disposed to dispute, or shew any stiffness or obstinacy in the affair, I shall rely very much upon your diligent circumspection and care, for the good of your country, being still ready to give you all the assistance in my power." Under this weight of caution, the assembly proceeded to issue bills of credit to the amount of 15,000l. in January, and the governor passed the act in March foliowing.

The assembly guarded this emission with so much caution, that it went into circulation under the patronage of such public confidence, that its good effects were so generally felt, as to induce the assembly, at the close of the year, to issue an emission of 30,000l. more, making the whole amount to the sum of 45,000l. This money was loaned upon the security of real estate, and by increasing the circulating medium, apparently relieved the burthens of the people; but when the first instalment became due, in which the money was to be repaid, the people began to feel their old burthens, and when the second annual instalment became due, and the sum of only 6,1107. 5s. had actually been paid upon the full sum of 45,000l. such was the public distress, that the assembly were constrained to pass an act for the continuance of the remainder, for a term of eight years longer. It appears that the 45,000l. had, at the time of the first instalment, depreciated down to the value of 29,000l. 15s. which is but a little more than one half of its original value, 1726.

In 1729, five years before the next instalment became due by law, such was the pressure for money, that the assembly issued an emission of 30,000l. more, upon double security in real estate, as at the first, and payable in annual instalments, as before. In 1731, the assembly took the precaution to resolve that the bills of credit which would begin to become payable in 1734, should be re-continued eight years longer. In 1739, such was the pressure for money, that the assembly issued a new emission to the amount of 11,000l. more, making a sum total of about 80,000l. which as it was then estimated, was worth in market about 50,000l.; such was the depreciation, and such the pressure: and at this time only £6,110 5s. had been repaid upon the whole sum.

At this time it appears that the merchant sold his goods at a handsome advance, from the former prices, and with quick sales; but the produce of the farmer, and the wages of salary-men and labourers, were not increased from the former standard prices, so that they became the sufferers of nearly fifty per cent. under the depreciated paper money. Thus much for paper money.

In the year 1724, a controversy commenced between the governor and the proprietary interest, which proceeded with so much warmth, that Gov. Keith was superseded by Patric Gordon, in the summer of 1726. Gov. Gordon entered upon the duties of his office, and met the assembly at their October session with a dignified firmness, moderation, and prudence, which continued to distinguish his administration.

In 1731, such was the prosperity of the province, that although first planted in 1680, seventy years after Virginia, yet it then contained a more numerous white population than the three colonies of Virginia, Maryland and Carolina. The reasons assigned for this by their excellent historian, Robert Proud, are, their kind and equitable treatment of the

natives; their mild constitution of government, their just and equitable laws, and their free and liberal toleration in religion.

The commerce of Pennsylvania at this time had become respectable, and their historian observes that "their exports consisted of wheat, flour, biscuit, beef and pork in barrels, bacon, hams, butter, cheese, cider, apples, soap, myrtle-wax candles, starch, hair-powder, tanned leather, bees-wax, tallow candles, strong beer, linseed oil, strong waters, deer skins, and other peltry, hemp, &c. with some tobacco; lumber, cypress wood shingles, cask staves, headings, masts and other ship timber, drugs of various kinds, and lastly about two thousand tons of shipping annually, over and above the demands of their own trade, which equalled about six thousand tons. They send great quantities of corn to Portugal, where they often sell both ship and cargo, and carry a return in goods. Their West-India trade furnished their specie, and West-India goods, both which they carry to England to pay for dry goods, &c.— This, with their trade with the other colonies, and the Canaries, Azores, Newfoundland, the Mediterranean, &c. gives them an annual revenue of about 60,000l.; all this the colony has attained to, in about fifty years from her first settlement, 1680.

INDIAN HISTORY CONTINUED.

To the northward of these, (meaning the Manahoack, or Virginia confederates) there was another powerful nation, which occupied the country from the head of the Chesapeake Bay, up to the Kittatinney mountains, and as far eastward as the Connecticut River, comprehending that part of New-York which lies between the Highlands and the ocean, all the state of New-Jersey, that part of Pennsylvania which is watered below the Kittatinney mountains, by the rivers or streams falling into the Delaware,

and the county of New-Castle, in the State of Delaware, as far as Dutch Creek. It is to be observed that the nations of Indians distinguished their countries from each other by natural boundaries, such as ranges of mountains, or streams of water. But as the heads of rivers frequently interlock, or approach near to each other, and as those who live upon a stream, claim the country watered by it, they often encroached upon each other, and this became a constant source of war between the different tribes. The nation occupying the country last described, called themselves Lenopi. The French writers called them Loups; and among the English they are now commonly called Delawares. This nation or confederacy consisted of five tribes, who all spake one language. 1. The Chihohocki, who dwelt on the west side of the river now called Delaware; but which by the Indians was called Chihohocki. 2d. The Wanami, who inhabit the country called New-Jersey, from the Rariton to the sea. 3d. The Munsey, who dwelt on the upper streams of the Delaware, from the Kittatinney mountains down to the Lehigh, or western branch of the Delaware. 4th. The Wabinga, who are sometimes called River Indians, sometimes Mohiskanders, who had their dwelling between the west branch of Delaware and Hudson's River, from the Kittatinney ridge down to the Rariton; and 5th, the Mahickon, or Mahattan, who occupied Staten-Island, York-Island, (which from its being the principal seat of their residence was formerly called Mahattan,) Long-Island, and that part of New-York and Connecticut, which lies between Hudson and Connecticut Rivers, from the highland, which is a continuation of the Kittatinney ridge, down to the sound. This nation had a close alliance with the Shawanese, who lived on the Susquehannah, and to the westward of that river, as far as the Alleghana mountains, and carried on a long war with another powerful confederacy of Indians, who lived to the north of them, be

tween the Kittatinney mountains, or highlands, and the Lake Ontario, and who call themselves Mingoes, and are called by the French writers Iroquois, by the English the Five Nations, and by the Indians to the southward, with whom they were at war, Massawomacs. This war was raging in its greatest fury, when Capt. Smith first arrived in Virginia. The Mingo warriors had penetrated down the Susquehannah to the mouth of it. In one of his excursions up the bay, at the mouth of Susquehannah, in 1608, he met with six or seven canoes full of their warriors, who were coming to attack their enemies in the rear. In an excursion which he had made a few weeks before, up the Rappahannock, and in which he had a skirmish with a party of the Manahoacs, and taken a brother of one of their chiefs, prisoner, he first heard of this nation. For when he asked the prisoner why his nation attacked the English? the prisoner said because his nation had heard that the English came from under the world, to take their world from them. Being asked how many worlds he knew? he said he knew of but one, which was under the sky that covered him, and which consisted of Powhatans, the Mana kins, and the Massawomacks. Being questioned concerning the latter, he said they dwelt on a great water to the north, that they had a great many boats, and so many men, that they waged war with all the rest of the world. Indians here referred to, were the confederacy of the Five Nations, which have been particularly noticed under New. York. The Delawares had sometime before carried on a war with the Adirondacs who live on the northern side of the Lakes Erie, and Ontario. In this war they were worsted: but having made peace with them through the intercession of the French, who were settling Canada, they turned their arms against the Lenopi; and as the war was long and doubtful, they not only exerted their whole force, but put in practice every measure which prudence

The