NEW NETHERLANDS. 93 P'D. I. 3. Holland was distressed by internal troubles, and PT. II. families, wishing to settle in the new world, were now sent over. Cottages clustered around Manhattan fort. CH. II. The fort was called New Amsterdam, and the coun- 1619 try, New Netherlands. Peter Minuets was made its to first governor. 1621. In 1627, an envoy was sent from New Netherlands to New Plymouth; friendly civilities were inter- Treaty changed; and a treaty of peace and commerce was Pilgrims. made with the Pilgrims. with the 4. A new company was made in Holland, styled "the College of Nineteen." They decreed, that, whoever should conduct fifty families to New Netherlands, the 1629. name now given by the Dutch to the whole country College between Cape Cod and Cape May, should become the of Ninepatroon, or lord of the with absolute property manor; in the lands he should colonize, to the extent of eight lands. miles on each side of the river on which he should settle. teen dis pose of 1631. 5. De Vries conducted from Holland, a colony which settled Lewistown, near the Delaware; a small fort called Nassau, having been previously erected by the The Dutch. In consequence of disagreements among the company in Holland, Peter Minuets returned, having been superseded by Walter Van Twiller. Minuets became the leader of a colony of Swedes. Dutch on the Dela ware. 6. Governor Keift, who had succeeded Van Twiller, had an inconsiderable quarrel with the Manhattan Indians. Yet, when the Mohawks came down upon 1643. them, they collected in groups, and begged him to Keift's shelter and assist them. The barbarous Keift sent his to the barbarity troops; and at night murdered them all, men, women, and helpless babes, to the number of a hundred. 7. Indian vengeance awoke. No English family within reach of the Algonquins was safe. The Dutch 3. Why were families now willing to leave Holland? Where did they settle? What name give to the fort? To the country? Who was the first governor ? Where did they send an envoy? 4. What new company was formed in Holland? What did they decree? 5. What colony was led by De Vries? What account can you give of Peter Minuets? Who was the next governor?-6. Who the next? How did he treat the Indians? natives. 94 P'D.I. EARLY MOVEMENTS IN DELAWARE. P'T. II. villages were in flames around, and the people fleeing to Holland. In New England, all was jeopardy and CH. II. alarm. The Dutch troops defended themselves, having Ven- placed at their head, Captain Underhill, who had been geance of expelled from Massachusetts. At this time, it is supIndians. posed, occurred a bloody battle at Strickland's plain, in Greenwich, Connecticut. The Mohawks were 1645. friendly to the Dutch, and, at length, peace was made Peace. by their interference. the Keift. 8. Keift, execrated by all the colonies, was remand1648. ed to Holland; and, on his return, perished by shipDeath of wreck on the coast of Wales. Stuyvesant, who succeeded to his office, went to Hartford; and there entered Stuyve- into negociations, by which the Dutch claims to Connecticut were relinquished. 1650. sant. 9. The Dutch had built Fort Casimir on the site of New Castle, in Delaware. The Swedes conceiving 1664. this to be an encroachment on their territory, Rising, Swedes their governor, by an unworthy stratagem, made himed by the self its master. In 1655, Stuyvesant, acting by orders Dutch. received from Holland, embarked at New Amsterdam, conquer with six hundred men, and sailing up the Delaware, he subjugated the Swedes. New Sweden was heard of no more; but the settlers were secured in their rights of private property, and their descendants are among the best of our citizens. 10. Many emigrants now came to New Netherlands, from among the oppressed, the discontented, and the enterprising of other colonies, and of European na1654. tions. At length the inhabitants sought a share of people political power. They assembled, and by their delecivil gates, demanded that no laws should be passed, except rights. with the consent of the people. Stuyvesant treated The claim the request rudely, and dissolved the assembly. 11. But popular liberty, though checked here, prevailed in the adjoining provinces; and they conse 7. What was the consequence of his cruelty? What occurred in Connecticut? -8. What happened to Keift? Who was his successor? What did he do?-9. Give an account of the contest between the Swedes and Dutch?-10. By what persons were their numbers in New Netherlands increased? What did the people now seek? How did the governor treat them?— - 11. Which prospered most, the places where the people's rights were respected, or those where they were not? NEW AMSTERDAM BECOMES NEW YORK. 95 quently grew more rapidly, and crowded upon the P'T. II. Dutch. The Indians made war upon some of their P'D. I. villages, especially Esopus, now Kingston; and New CH. III. Netherlands could not obtain aid from Holland. The New States General had given the whole concern into the Netherhands of "the Nineteen," and they refused to make troubled. needful advances. lands N. Am surrend 12. Charles II. had granted to his brother James, then Duke of York and Albany, the territory from the banks of the Connecticut to those of the Delaware. Sir Robert Nichols, was dispatched with a fleet to take possession. He sailed to New Amsterdam, and sud- sterdam denly demanded of the astonished Stuyvesant, to give ered to up the place. He would have defended his post if he the Engcould. But the body of the people, preferred the Eng- Sept. 3, lish rule to that of the Dutch; the privileges of English- 1664. men having been promised them. Nichols, therefore, entered, took possession in the name of his master, and called the place New York. lish, The Dutch surrend 13. A part of the English fleet, under Sir George Carteret, sailed up the Hudson to Fort Orange, which surrendered and was named Albany. The Dutch fort on the Delaware was also taken by the English. The forts a rights of property were respected, and a treaty was made with the Five Nations. The whole line of coast, from Acadia to Florida, was now in possession of the English. ered. CHAPTER III. Pennsylvania and its Founder. 1. WILLIAM PENN, the great and good man, to whom Pennsylvania owes its origin, was the son of 11. What troubles were made by the Indians?-12. What territory was granted? To whom? Whom did he send to take the country? What were the circumstances of the surrender ? 13. What other places were taken by the English? CHAPTER III.-1. What kind of person was William Penn? Of which of the states is he the founder? 96 P'D. I. birth, &c. PENN'S ARRIVAL. P’T. II. Vice Admiral, Sir William Penn; and was born in London, in 1644. To provide a place for his perCH. III. secuted brethren, of the denomination of Friends, 1644. or Quakers, was the leading object in his mind, when William he planned a new emigration to America. Penn's 2. His father had left claims to the amount of sixteen thousand pounds against the crown and Penn, finding that there was a tract yet ungranted, north of Lord Baltimore's patent, solicited and obtained of 1681. March 4, Charles II., a charter of the country. It was bounded Patent east by the Delaware, extending westward through sylvania. five degrees of longitude, and stretching from twelve of Penn Obtains ware. miles north of New Castle, to the 43d degree of lati- to the country the name of Pennsylvania. 3. Soon after the date of this grant, two other conDela- veyances were made to Penn, by the Duke of York; one of which embraced the present state of Delaware, and was called the "Territories." The other was a release from the Duke, of any claims to Pennsylvania. 4. He prepared a liberal constitution of civil govSept. 9, ernment, for those who should become his colonists. 1682. Having sent out three ships, loaded with emigrants, Penn sails and consigned to the care of his nephew, Colonel England. Markham, he left Chester on board the Welcome, and with one hundred settlers, sailed for his province, his benevolent heart full of hope and courage. from Arrives 5. He landed at New Castle, and was joyfully received by the Swedes and Dutch, now amounting to at New two or three thousand. The next day, at their courtCastle, Oct. 28. house, he received from the agent of the Duke of York, the surrender of the "Territories." He then, 1. Give an account of his birth and parentage? What was his motive in planning a new colony?-2. Of whom did Penn obtain a grant? What claim had he against the crown? What was the extent of Penn's first patent?-3. What other convey. ances were made to him?-4. How did Penn propose to treat his settlers in respect to government? Whom did he send from England before he sailed? From what place did he sail? In what vessel? With how many? 5. What were the circumstances of his first arrival? ENERGY AND BENEVOLENCE. 97 with blended dignity and affection, assured the delight- PT.II. ed throngs, that their rights should be respected, and P’D. I. their happiness regarded. CH. III. 1682. 6. In honor of his friend, the Duke, he next visited Names New York; but immediately returning, he went to Chester. Upland, which he named Chester. Here a part of the pioneers, with Markham, had begun a settlement; and Dec. 4. here Penn called the first assembly. It consisted of an The first equal number from the province and the "Territories." assembly By its first act, all the inhabitants, of whatever extrac- Chester. tion, were naturalized. 7. Penn was the first legislator, whose criminal code admitted the humane principle, that the object of punishment is not merely to prevent crime, but to reform the offender. Hence, his code seldom punished with death. The assembly sat three days, and passed fiftynine laws; an evidence, that the time which belonged to the public, was not here consumed, either in personal abuse, or pompous declamation. 8. Penn next paid a visit of friendship and business to Lord Baltimore, at West River. Though they differed on the question of boundaries, yet friendly feeling pervaded the interview. at Pass in three days 59 laws. Penn visits Lord Balti more. Penn meets the 9. Penn had given to Colonel Markham, who preceded him, directions, that the natives should be treated kindly, and fairly; and accordingly no land had been entered upon, but by their consent. They had also been notified that Penn, to whom they gave the name of Onas, was to meet, and establish with them, a treaty Indian of perpetual peace. On the morning of the appointed chiefs. day, under a huge elm at Shackamaxon, now a suburb of Philadelphia, the Indian chiefs gathered from every direction, to see Penn, and to hear his words; which they regarded as those of an angel. 10. Penn gave them instructions, and solemnly appealed to the Almighty, that it was the ardent desire 6. What place did he next visit? Where go on his return? What was done in Chester ? -7. What principle in legislation was Penn the first to teach? What can you say of the labours done by the assembly? Of what was this an evidence? -8. Whom did Penn visit? 9. How did he direct that the natives should be treated? Of what had they been notified? Give an account of the meeting? |