A DICTIONARY OF GREEK AND ROMAN GEOGRAPHY. IABADIUS. IABA'DIUS ('Iabadíov vñoos, Ptol. vii. 2. § 29, viii. 27. § 10), an island off the lower half of the Golden Chersonesus. It is said by Ptolemy to mean the "Island of Barley," to have been very fertile in grain and gold, and to have had a metropolis called ARGYRE. There can be little doubt that it is the same as the present Java, which also signifies "barley." Humboldt, on the other hand, considers it to be Sumatra (Kritische Unters. i. p. 64); and Mannert, the small island of Banca, on the SE. side of Su[V.] matra. JABBOK ('loaккоs, Joseph.; 'Iabúx, LXX.), a stream on the east of Jordan, mentioned first in the history of Jacob (Gen. xxxii. 22). It formed, according to Josephus, the northern border of the Amorites, whose country he describes as isolated by the Jordan on the west, the Arnon on the south, and the Jabbok on the north. (Ant. iv. 5. § 2.) He further describes it as the division between the dominions of Sihon, king of the Amorites, and Og, whom he calls king of Galadene and Gaulonitis (§ 3)—the Bashan of Scripture. In the division of the land among the tribes, the river Jabbok was assigned as the northern limit of Gad and Reuben. (Deut. iii. 16.) To the north of the river, in the country of Bashan, the half tribe of Manasseh had their possession (13,14.) [AMMONITAE; AMORITES.] It is correctly placed by Eusebius (Onomast. s. v.) between Ammon, or Philadelphia, and Gerasa (Gerash); to which S. Jerome adds, with equal truth, that it is 4 miles from the latter. It flows into the Jordan. It is now called El-Zerka, and “divides the district of Moerad from the country called ElBelka." (Burckhardt's Syria, p. 347.) It was crossed in its upper part by Irby and Mangles, an hour and twenty minutes (exactly 4 miles) SW. of Gerash, on their way to Es-Szalt. (Travels, p. 319, comp. p. 475.) [G. W.] JABESH ('Iábeis, LXX.; 'Iάens, 'Iabooá, 'IaGirós, Joseph.), a city of Gilead, the inhabitants of which were exterminated, during the early times of the Judges (see xx. 28), for not having joined in the national league against the men of Gibeah (xxi. 9, &c.). Three centuries later, it was besieged by the Ammonite king, Nahash, when the hard terms offered to the inhabitants by the invaders roused the indignation of Saul, and resulted in the relief of the town and the rout of the Ammonites. (1 Sam. xi.) It was probably in requital for this deliverance that the inhabitants of Jabesh-Gilead, having heard of the indignity offered to the bodies of Saul and his sons VOL. II. JACCETANI. after the battle of Gilboa, " arose, and went all night, and took the body of Saul, and the bodies of his sons, from the wall of Beth-shan, and came to Jabesh and burnt them there; and they took their bones and buried them under a tree at Jabesh, and fasted seven days." (1 Sam. xxxi. 11—13; 2 Sam. ii. 4—7.) It was situated, according to Eusebius, in the hills, 6 miles from Pella, on the road to Gerash; and its site was marked in his time by a large village (s. vv. 'Apiowe and 'Iábis). The writer was unsuccessful in his endeavours to recover its site in 1842; but a tradition of the city is still retained in the name of the valley that runs into the plain of the Jordan, one hour and a quarter south of Wady Mus, in which Pella is situated. This valley is still called Wady Yabes, and the ruins of the city doubtless exist, and will probably be recovered in the mountains in the vicinity of this valley. [G. W.] JABNEH. [IAMNIA.] JACCA. [JACCETANI; VASCONES.] JACCETA'NI ('IаKKEтavol), the most important of the small tribes at the S. foot of the Pyrenees, in Hispania Tarraconensis, E. of the VASCONES, and N. of the ILERGETES. Their country, JACCETANIA ('Iakkeтavía), lay in the N. of Arragon, below the central portion of the Pyrenaean chain, whence it extended towards the Iberus as far as the neighbourhood of Ilerda and Osca; and it formed a part of the theatre of war in the contests between Sertorius and Pompey, and between Julius Caesar and Pompey's legates, Afranius and Petreius. (Strab. iii. p. 161; Caes. B. C. i. 60: concerning the reading, see LACETANI; Ptol. ii. 6. § 72.) None of their cities were of any consequence. The capital, JACCA (Jaca, in Biscaya), from which they derived their name, belonged, in the time of Ptolemy, to the VASCONES, among whom indeed Pliny appears to include the Jaccetani altogether (iii. 3. s. 4). Their other cities, as enumerated by Ptolemy, and identified, though with no great certainty, by Ukert (vol. ii. pt. 1. p. 425), are the following:-IESPUS ('IEOTÓS, Igualeda); CERESUS (Kepeσós, S. Columba de Ceralto); ANABIS ('Avábis, Tarrega); BACASIS (Bakaois, Manresa, the district round which is still called Bages); TELOBIS (Tnλobis, Martorell); ASCERRIS ('Aokeppis, Sagarra); UDURA (O%doupa, Cardona); LISSA or LESA (Añoa, near Manresa); SETELSIs (Zereλois † Zeλevols, Solsona); CINNA (Kivva, near Guisona), perhaps the same place as the SCISSUM of Livy (xxi. 60, where the MSS. have Scissis, Stissum, Sisa), and the CISSA of B Polybius (iii. 76: coins, ap. Sestini, pp. 132, 163; Num. Goth.). [P.S.] IA'DERA (Iádepa, Ptol. iii. 16. § 10; 'ládapa, Nicet. p. 348; Iadera, Plin. iii. 26; Iader, Pomp. Mela, ii. 3. § 13; Peut. Tab.; Geog. Rav.; on the orthography of the name see Tzchucke, ad Melam, 1. c. vol. ii. pt. 2. p. 275: Eth. Iadertinus, Hirt. B. A. 42: Żara), the capital of Liburnia in Illyricum. Under Augustus it was made a Roman colony. (“Parens coloniae," Inscr. ap. Farlati, Illyr. Sacr., vol. v. p. 3; comp. Ptol. l. c.) Afterwards it bore the name of DIODORA. and paid a tribute of 110 pieces of gold to the Eastern emperors (Const. Porph. de Adm. Imp. 30), until it was handed over, in the reign of Basil the Macedonian, to the Slavonic princes. Zara, the modern capital of Dalmatia, and well known for the famous siege it stood against the combined French and Venetians, at the beginning of the Fourth Crusade (Gibbon, c. lx.; Wilken, die Kreuzz. vol. v. p. 167), stands upon the site of ladera. Little remains of the ancient city; the sea-gate called Porta di San Chrysogono is Roman, but it seems likely that it has been brought from Aenona. The gate is a single arch with a Corinthian pilaster at each side supporting an entablature. Eckhel (vol. ii. p. 152) doubts the evidence of any coins of ladera, though some have been attributed to it by other writers on numismatics. (Sir G. Wilkinson, Dalmatia and Montenegro, vol. i. p. 78; J. F. Neigebaur, Die Sudslaven, pp. 181191.) [E. B. J.] IADO'NI, a people in the extreme NW. of Hispania Tarraconensis, mentioned only by Pliny, who places them next to the Arrotrebae. (Plin. iv. 20. s. 34.) [P. S.] IAETA or IETAE ('Ieral, Steph. B.: Eth.'Ieraios, Id.; but Diodorus has 'Iairîvos, and this is confirmed by coins, the legend of which is uniformly 'IaTIVwv, Eckhel, vol. i. p. 216: in Latin, Cicero has Ietini, but Pliny Letenses), a town of the interior of Sicily, in the NW. of the island, not very far from Panormus. It was mentioned by Philistus (ap. Steph. B. s. v.) as a fortress, and it is called by Thucydides also (if the reading 'Ierás be admitted, in vii. 2) a fortress of the Siculians (Teixos TWV ZIKEλŵV), which was taken by Gylippus on his march from Himera through the interior of the island towards Syracuse. It first appears as an independent city in the time of Pyrrhus, and was attacked by that monarch on account of its strong position and the advantages it offered for operations against Panormus; but the inhabitants readily capitulated. (Diod. xxii. 10, p. 498.) In the First Punic War it was occupied by a Carthaginian garrison, but after the fall of Panormus drove out these troops and opened its gates to the Romans. (Id. xxiii. 18, p. 505.) Under the Roman government it appears as a municipal town, but not one of much importance. The Ietini are only noticed in passing by Cicero among the towns whose lands had been utterly ruined by the exactions of Verres; and the Ietenses are enumerated by Pliny among the "populi stipendiarii" of the interior of Sicily. (Cic. Verr. iii. 43; Plin. iii. 8. s. 14.) Many MSS. of Cicero read Letini, and it is probable that the Añrov of Ptolemy (iii. 4. § 15) is only a corruption of the same name. The position of laeta is very obscurely intimated, but it appears from Diodorus that it was not very remote from Panormus, and that its site was one of great natural strength. Silius Italicus also alludes to its elevated situation ("celsus Ietas," xiv. 271). He Fazello assures us that there was a mediaeval fortress called Iato on the summit of a lofty mountain, about 15 miles from Palermo, and 12 N. of Entella, which was destroyed by Frederic II. at the same time with the latter city; and this he supposes, probably enough, to be the site of Iaeta. says the mountain was still called Monte di Iato, though more commonly known as Monte di S. Cosmano, from a church on its summit. (Fazell. x. p. 471; Amic. Lex. Top. Sic. vol. ii. p. 291.) The spot is not marked on any modern map, and does not appear to have been visited by any recent travellers. The position thus assigned to Iaeta agrees well with the statements of Diodorus, but is wholly irreconcilable with the admission of 'Ierás into the text of Thucydides (vii. 2): this reading, however, is a mere conjecture (see Arnold's note), and must probably be discarded as untenable. [E. H. B.] But as JAEZER (Iarp, LXX.; 'lap and 'Aσúp, Euseb.), a city of Gilead, assigned to the tribe of Gad by Moses. In Numbers (xxxii. 1), "the land of Jazer" is mentioned as contiguous to "the land of Gilead, and suited to cattle." In Jeremiah (xlviii. 32), “the sea of Jazer" occurs in some versions, as in the English; but Reland (s. v. p. 825) justly remarks, that this is not certain, as the passage may be pointed after the word "sea," and " Jazer," as a vocative, commence the following clause. "the land of Jazer" is used for the country south of Gilead, so the Dead Sea may be designated "the sea of Jazer." Eusebius (Onomast. 8. v. 'Aσúp) places it 8 miles west of Philadelphia or Ammon; and elsewhere (s. v. 'Iaonp), 10 miles west of Philadelphia, and 15 from Esbon (Heshbon). He adds, that a large river takes its rise there, which runs into the Jordan. In a situation nearly corresponding with this, between Szalt and Esbus, Burckhardt passed some ruins named Szyr, where a valley named Wady Szyr takes its rise and runs into the Jordan. This is doubtless the modern representative of the ancient Jazer. "In two hours and a half (from Szalt) we passed, on our right, the Wady Szyr, which has its source near the road, and falls into the Jordan. Above the source, on the declivity of the valley, are the ruins called Szyr." (Syria, p. 364.) It is probably identical with the rawpos of Ptolemy which he reckons among the cities of Palestine on the east of the Jordan (v. 16). [G. W.] IALYSUS (Ιάλυσος, Ἰάλυσσος, or Ἰήλυσσος: Eth. 'laλúσoios), one of the three ancient Doric cities in the island of Rhodes, and one of the six towns constituting the Doric hexapolis. It was situated only six stadia to the south-west of the city of Rhodes, and it would seem that the rise of the latter city was the cause of the decay of Ialysus; for in the time of Strabo (xiv. p. 655) it existed only as a village. Pliny (v. 36) did not consider it as an independent place at all, but imagined that Ialysus was the ancient name of Rhodes. Orychoma, the citadel, was situated above lalysus, and still existed in the time of Strabo. It is supposed by some that Orychoma was the same as the fort Achaia, which is said to have been the first settlement of the Heliadae in the island (Diod. Sic. v. 57; Athen. viii. p. 360); at any rate, Achaia was situated in the territory of Ialysus, which bore the name Ialysia. (Comp. Hom. I. ii. 656; Pind. Ol. vii. 106; Herod. ii. 182; Thucyd. viii. 44; Ptol. v. 2. § 34; Steph. B. s. v.; Scylax, Peripl. p. 81; Dionys. Perieg. 504; Ov. Met. vii. 365; Pomp. Mela, ii. 7.) The site of ancient Ialysus is still occupied by a village bearing the name Ialiso, about which a few ancient remains are found. (Ross, Reisen auf den Griech. Inseln, vol. iii. p. 98.) [L. S.] IAMISSA. [THAMESIS.] IAMNA, JAMNO. [BALEARES, p. 374, b.] ΙΑΜΝΙΑ (Ἰανής, LXX.; Ἰάμνια, Ἰάμνεία 'Ieuvad), a city of the Philistines, assigned to the tribe of Judah in the LXX. of Joshua xv. 45 (réuva); but omitted in the Hebrew, which only mentions it in 2 Chron. xxvi. 6 (JABNEH in the English version), as one of the cities of the Philistines taken and destroyed by king Uzziah. It is celebrated by Philo Judaeus as the place where the first occasion was given to the Jewish revolt under Caligula, and to his impious attempt to profane the temple at Jerusalem. His account is as follows:In the city of Iamnia, one of the most populous of Judaea, a small Gentile population had established itself among the more numerous Jews, to whom they occasioned no little annoyance by the wanton violation of their cherished customs. An unprincipled government officer, named Capito, who had been sent to Palestine to collect the tribute, anxious to pre-occupy the emperor with accusations against the Jews before their well-grounded complaints of his boundless extortion could reach the capital, ordered an altar of mud to be raised in the town for the deification of the emperor. The Jews, as he had anticipated, indignant at the profanation of the Holy Land, assembled in a body, and demolished the altar. On hearing this, the emperor, incensed already at what had lately occurred in Egypt, resolved to resent this insult by the erection of an equestrian statue of himself in the Holy of Holies. (Philo, de Legat. ad Caium, Op. vol. ii. p. 573.) With respect to its site, it is assigned by Josephus to that part of the tribe of Judah occupied by the children of Dan (Ant. v. 1. | § 22); and he reckons it as an inland city. (Ant. xiv. 4. § 4, B. J. i. 7. § 7.) Thus, likewise, in the 1st book of Maccabees (x. 69, 71), it is spoken of as situated in the plain country; but the author of the 2nd book speaks of the harbour and fleet of the Iamnites, which were fired by Judas Maccabaeus; when the light of the conflagration was seen at Jerusalem, 240 stadia distant. The apparent discrepancy may, however, be reconciled by the notices of the classical geographers, who make frequent mention of this town. Thus Pliny expressly "Iamnes duae: altera intus," and places them between Azotus and Joppa (v. 12); and Ptolemy, having mentioned 'Iaμvnтwv, "the port of the lamnites," as a maritime town between Joppa and Azotus, afterwards enumerates Iamnia among the cities of Judaea. From all which it evident that Iamnia had its Majuma, or naval arsenal, as Gaza, Azotus, and Ascalon also had. (Le Quien, Oriens Christ. vol. iii. col. 587, and 622.) The Itinerary of Antoninus places it 36 M. P. from Gaza, and 12 M. P. from Diospolis (or Lydda); and Eusebius (Onom. s. v. 'Iάuveia) places it between Diospolis and Azotus. Its site is still marked by ruins which says, retain the ancient name Yebna, situated on a small eminence on the west side of Wady Rubin, an hour distant from the sea. (Irby and Mangles, Travels, p. 182.) "The ruins of a Roman bridge," which they noticed, spanning the Nahr-el-Rubin between Yebna and the sea, was doubtless built for the purpose of facilitating traffic between the town and its sea-port. [G. W.] IAMPHORINA, the capital of the Maedi, in Macedonia, which was taken B. C. 211 by Philip, son of Demetrius. (Liv. xxvi. 25.) It is probably represented by Vrania or Ivorina, in the upper valley of the Moráva. (Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iii. p. 473.) [E. B. J.] IANGACAUCA'NI [MAURETANIA.] JANUARIA ('Iavovaρía áкрa), a promontory on the coast of Cilicia, near Serrepolis, between Mallus and Aegaea. (Stadiasm. §§ 149, 150.) It is now called Karadash. [L. S.] IA'PIS ('Iañís), a small stream which formed the boundary between Megaris and the territory of Eleu-* sis. [ATTICA, p. 323, a.] IA'PODES, IA'PYDES ('Iámodes, Strab. iii. p. 207, vii. p. 313; 'láñudes, Ptol. ii. 16. § 8; Liv. xliii. 5; Virg. Georg. iii. 475; Tibull. iv. 1. 108), an Illyrian people to the N. of Dalmatia, and E. of Liburnia, who occupied IAPYDIA (Plin. iii. 19), or the present military frontier of Croatia, comprised between the rivers Kulpa and Korana to the N. and E., and the Velebich range to the S. In the interior, their territory was spread along MONS ALBIUS (Velika), which forms the extremity of the great Alpine chain, and rises to a great elevation; on the other side of the mountain they reached towards the Danube, and the confines of Pannonia. They followed the custom of the wild Thracian tribes in tattooing themselves, and were armed in the Keltic fashion, living in their poor country (like the Morlacchi of the present day) chiefly on zea and millet. (Strab. vii. p. 315.) In B. C. 129, the consul C. Sempronius Tuditanus carried on war against this people, at first unsuccessfully, but afterwards gained a victory over them, chiefly by the military skill of his legate, D. Junius Brutus, for which he was allowed to celebrate a triumph at Rome (Appian, B. C. i. 19, Illyr. 10; Liv. Epit. lix.; Fasti Capit.) They had a "foedus" with Rome (Cic. pro Balb. 14), but were in B. C. 34 finally subdued by Octavianus, after an obstinate defence, in which Metulum, their principal town was taken (Strab. 1. c.; Appian, Illyr. l. c.). : METULUM (METODλov), their capital, was situated on the river COLAPIS (Kulpa) to the N., on the frontier of Pannonia (Appian, l. c), and has been identified with Möttling or Metlika on the Kulpa. The Antonine Itinerary has the following places on the road from Senia (Zeugg) to Siscia (Sissek) :: AVENDONE (comp. Peut. Tab.; Abendo, Geog. Rav.; Avevdeάrai, Appian, Illyr. l. c.; Overdos, Strab. iv. p. 207, vii. p. 314.); ARUPIUM (Arypium, Peut. Tab.; Parupium, Geog. Rav.; 'Apovπivo, App. Illyr. 16., perhaps the same as the 'ApоvкKÍα of Ptolemy, ii. 16. § 9), now Ottochatz. At BIBIUM, which should be read BIVIUM (Wesseling, ad loc.), the road divided, taking a direction towards Pannonia, which the Itinerary follows, and also towards Dalmatia, which is given in the Peutinger Table. Neigebaur (Die Sudslaven, pp. 224-235) has identified from a local antiquary the following sites of the Table : EPIDOTIUM (Uselle); Aucus (Chauke); Av. SANCALIO (Vissuch, near Udbina); CLUMBETAE | the national affinities of the different tribes in this (Grachatz). part of Italy, as well as for a description of its physical geography, see the articles APULIA and CALA[E. H. B.] BRIA. IAPYGIUM PROMONTORIUM (Ακρα Ιαπυyía: Capo Sta. Maria di Leuca), a headland which forms the extreme SE. point of Italy, as well as the extremity of the long peninsula or promontory that divides the gulf of Tarentum from the Adriatic sea. It is this long projecting strip of land, commonly termed the heel of Italy, and designated by the Romans as Calabria, that was usually termed by the Greeks Iapygia, whence the name of the promontory in question. The latter is well described by Strabo as a rocky point extending far out to sea towards the SE., but inclining a little towards the Lacinian promontory, which rises opposite to it, and together with it encloses the gulf of Tarentum. He states the interval between these two headlands, and consequently the width of the Tarentine gulf, at its entrance, at about 700 stadia (70 G. miles), which slightly exceeds the truth. Pliny calls the same distance 100 M. P. or 800 stadia; but the real distance does not exceed 66 G. miles or 660 stadia. (Strab. vi. pp. 258, 281; Plin. iii. 11. s. 16; Ptol. iii. 1. § 13; Polyb. x. 1.) [E. B. J.] IAPY GIA (larvyía), was the name given by the Greeks to the SE. portion of Italy, bordering on the Adriatic Sea, but the term was used with considerable vagueness, being sometimes restricted to the extreme SE. point or peninsula, called also Messapia, and by the Romans Calabria; at other times extended so as to include the whole of what the Romans termed Apulia. Thus Scylax describes the whole coast from Lucania to the promontory of Drion (Mt. Garganus) as comprised in Iapygia, and even includes under that appellation the cities of Metapontum and Heraclea on the gulf of Tarentum, which are usually assigned to Lucania. Hence he states that their coast-line extended for a space of six days and nights' voyage. (Scyl. § 14. p. 5.) Polybius at a later period used the name in an equally extended sense, so as to include the whole of Apulia (iii. 88), as well as the Messapian peninsula; but he elsewhere appears to use the name of Iapygians as equivalent to the Roman term Apulians, and distinguishes them from the Messapians (ii. 24). This is, however, certainly contrary to the usage of earlier Greek writers. Herodotus distinctly applies the term of Iapygia to the peninsula, and calls the Messapians an Iapygian tribe; though he evidently did not limit it to this portion of Italy, and must have extended it, at all events, to the land of the Peucetians, if not of the Daunians also. (Herod. iv. 99, vii. 170.) Aristotle also clearly identifies the Iapygians with the Messapians (Pol. v. 3), though the limits within which he applies the name of Iapygia (Ib. vii. 10) cannot be defined. Indeed, the name of the Iapygian promontory (Leuca, situated close to the headland, and which has ǎkpa ǹ 'Iarvyía), universally given to the headland which formed the extreme point of the peninsula, sufficiently proves that this was considered to belong to Iapygia. Strabo confines the term of Iapygia to the peninsula, and says that it was called by some lapygia, by others Messapia or Calabria. (Strab. vi. pp. 281, 282.) Appian and Dionysius Periegetes, on the contrary, follow Polybius in applying the name of Iapygia to the Roman Apulia, and the latter expressly says that the Iapygian tribes extended as far as Hyrium on the N. side of Mt. Garganus. (Appian, Ann. 45; Dionys. Per. 379.) Ptolemy, as usual, follows the Roman writers, and adopts the names then in use for the divisions of this part of Italy: hence he ignores altogether the name of Iapygia, which is not found in any Roman writer as a geographical appellation; though the Latin poets, as usual, adopted it from the Greeks. (Virg. Aen. xi. 247; Ovid, Met. xv. 703.) We have no clue to the origin or meaning of the name of Iapygians, which was undoubtedly given to the people (IAPYGES, 'lánυyes) before it was applied to the country which they inhabited. Niebuhr (vol. i. p. 146) considers it as etymologically connected with the Latin Apulus, but this is very doubtful. The name appears to have been a general one, including several tribes or nations, among which were the Messapians, Sallentini, and Peucetians: hence Herodotus calls the Messapians, Iapygians (Inuyes Meσσário, vii. 170); and the two The same point was also not unfrequently termed the Salentine promontory (PROMONTORIUM SALENTINUM, Mel. ii. 4. § 8; Ptol. l. c.), from the people of that name who inhabited the country immediately adjoining. Sallust applies the same name to the whole of the Calabrian or Messapian peninsula. (Sall. ap. Serv. ad Aen. iii. 400.) Its modern namne is derived from the ancient church of Sta. Maria di preserved the name of the ancient town and port of IA'RDANUS ('Iάpdavos), a river on the N. coast JASO'NIUM ('laσóviov Ptol. vi. 10. § 3), a town in Margiana, at the junction of the Margus (Murghab) and some small streams which flow into it. (Cf. also Ammian. xxiii. 6.) [V.] JASO'NIUM (Tò 'Iaσóviov, Ptol. vi. 2. § 4; Strab. xi. p. 526), a mountain in Media, which extended in a NW. direction from the M. Parachoatras (M. Elwend), forming the connecting link between the Taurus and the outlying spurs of the Antitaurus. It is placed by Ptolemy between the Orontes and the Coronus. [V.] JASO'NIUM ('Iaσáviov), a promontory on the A second town of the name of Iassus existed in coast of Pontus, 130 stadia to the north-east of Poland by a small isthmus. Part of the city walls lemonium; it is the most projecting cape on that still exist, and are of a regular, solid, and handsome coast, and forms the terminating point of the chain structure. In the side of the rock a theatre with of Mount Paryadres. It was believed to have re- many rows of seats still remains, and several inceived its name from the fact that Jason had landed scriptions and coins have been found there. (Comp. there. (Strab. xii. p. 548; Arrian, Peripl. p. 17; Spon and Wheler, Voyages, vol. i. p. 361.) Anonym. Peripl. p. 11; Ptol. v. 6. § 4; Xenoph. Anab. vi. 2. § 1, who calls it 'Iarovía akтh.) It still bears the name Jasoon, though it is more commonly called Cape Bona or Vona, from a town of the same name. (Hamilton, Researches, vol. i. p. 269.) The Asineia, called a Greek acropolis by Scylax (p. 33), probably no other than the Jaso[L. S.] nium. IASPIS. [CONTESTANIA.] IASSII (láσoto), mentioned by Ptolemy as a population of Upper Pannonia (ii. 14. § 2). Pliny's form of the name (iii. 25) is Iasi. He places them on the Drave. [R. G. L.] Cappadocia or Armenia Minor (Ptol. v. 7. § 6), on IASTUS (laσTOS), a river which, according to IASTUS, a river mentioned by Ptolemy (vi. 14. §2) as falling into the Caspian between the Jaik and the Oxus. It is only safe to call it one of the numerous rivers of Independent Tartary. [R. G. L.] IASUS. [OEUM.] [V.] IASSUS, or IASUS (laσoos, or "lavos: Eth. 'laσoeus), a town of Caria, situated on a small island close to the north coast of the Iasian bay, which derives its name from Iassus. The town is said to have been founded at an unknown period by Argive colonists; but as they had sustained severe losses in a war with the native Carians, they invited the son of Neleus, who had previously founded Miletus, to come to their assistance. The town appears on that occasion to have received additional settlers. (Polyb. xvi. 12.) The town, which appears to have occupied the whole of the little island, had only ten stadia in circumference; but it nevertheless acquired great wealth (Thucyd. viii. 28), from its fisheries and trade in fish (Strab. xiv. p. 658). After the Si- IATII (IάTIO, Ptol. vi. 12. § 4), a people in the cilian expedition of the Athenians, during the Pelo-northern part of Sogdiana. They are also mentioned ponnesian war, Iassus was attacked by the Lace- by Pliny (vi. 16. s. 18); but nothing certain is known daemonians and their allies; it was governed at the of their real position. time by Amorges, a Persian chief, who had revolted from Darius. It was taken by the Lacedaemonians, who captured Amorges, and delivered him up to Tissaphernes. The town itself was destroyed on that occasion; but must have been rebuilt, for we afterwards find it besieged by the last Philip of Macedonia, who, however, was compelled by the Romans to restore it to Ptolemy of Egypt. (Polyb. xvii. 2; Liv. xxxii. 33; comp. Ptol. v. 2. § 9; Plin. v. 29; Stad. Mar. Magn. § 274, 275; Hierocl. p. 689.) The mountains in the neighbourhood of Iassus furnished a beautiful kind of marble, of a blood-red and livid white colour, which was used by the ancients for ornamental purposes. (Paul. Silent. Ecphr. S. Soph. ii. 213.) Near the town was a sanctuary of Hestias, with a statue of the goddess, which, though standing in the open air, was believed never to be touched by the rain. (Polyb. xvi. 12.) The same story is related, by Strabo, of a temple of Artemis in the same neighbourhood. Iassus, as a celebrated fishing place, is alluded to by Athenaeus (iii. p. 105, xiii. p. 606). The place is still existing, under the name of Askem or Asýn Kalessi. Chandler (Travels in As. Min. p. 226) relates that the island on which the town was built is now united to the main IATINUM (lárov), according to Ptolemy (ii. 8. § 15) the city of the Meldi, a people of Gallia Lugdunensis. It is supposed to be the same place as the Fixtuinum of the Table [FIXTUINUM], and to be represented by the town of Meaux on the Marne. Walckenaer, who trusts more to the accuracy of the distances in the Table than we safely can do, says that the place Fixtuinum has not in the Table the usual mark which designates a capital town, and that the measures do not carry the position of Fixtuinum as far as Meaux, but only as far as Montbout. He conjectures that the word Fixtuinum may be a corruption of Fines Iatinorum, and accordingly must be a place on the boundary of the little community of the Meldi. This conjecture might be good, if the name of the people was Iatini, and not Meldi. [G. L.] JATRIPPA. [LATHRIPPA.] IATRA or IATRUM ('Iaтpóv), a town in Moesia, situated at the point where the river Iatrus or Iantrus empties itself into the Danube, a few miles to the east of Ad Novas. (Procop. de Aed. iv. 7; Theophylact. vii. 2; Notit. Imp. 29, where it is erroneously called Latra; Geogr. Rav.. iv. 7, where, as in the Peut. Tab., it bears the name Laton.) [L. S.] IATRUS (in the Peut. Tab. IANTRUS), a river traversing the central part of Moesia. It has its sources in Mount Haemus, and, having in its course to the north received the waters of several tributaries, falls into the Danube close by the town of Iatra. (Plin. iii. 29, where the common reading is Ieterus ; Jornand. Get. 18; Geogr. Rav. iv. 7.) It is probably the same as the Athrys (A@pus) mentioned by Herodotus (iv.49). Its modern name is Iantra. [L.S.] |