the sea. (Robinson, Biblical Researches, vol. iii. p. 433.)

PLATEA INS. (Πλατέα, Πλάτεα, Πλάταια, var. lect.; Herod. iv. 151, 153, 156, 169; λateía, Scyl. p. 46; Пλaralai, Пλaтeîα, Steph. B.; Stadiasm. § 41), an island off the shores of Libya, and on the side not far removed from the W. limits of Aegypt, where for two years in the seventh century B. C. the Theraean colonists settled before they founded Cyrene. It has been identified with the island of Bomba or Bhourda in the Gulf of Bomba. The island AEDONIA ('Andovía, 'Andovís, Ptol. iv. 5. § 75), which Scylax (1. c.) and the Coast-describer (c.) couple with Platea, may then be referred to the small island Seal off the harbour of Batrachus; unless it be assumed that there is some mistake in our present charts, and that Aedonia or Aedonis and Platea be two different names for the same island. (Pacho, Voyage dans la Marmarique, p. 52; Barth, Wanderungen, pp. 506, 548.) [E. B. J.] PLAVIS (Piave), one of the most considerable rivers of Venetia, which has its sources in the Julian Alps, flows by the walls of Belluno (Belunum), and falls into the Adriatic sea between Venice and Caorle. Though one of the largest rivers in this part of Italy, it is unaccountably omitted by Pliny (iii. 18. s. 22), who mentions the much smaller streams of the Silis and Liquentia on each side of it; and its name is not found in any author earlier than Paulus Diaconus and the Geographer of Ravenna. (P. Diac. ii. 12; Geogr. Rav. iv. 36.)

[E. H. B.]

PLÉGE'RIUM (Пλnyńptov, Strab. xvi. p. 698), a place mentioned by Strabo, in the NW. part of India, in the state which he calls Bandobane, on the river Choaspes (now Attok). [V.]

PLEGRA (Пéypa), a town in the interior of Paphlagonia. (Ptol. v. 4. § 5.) [L. S.]

PLEIAE (Пéîa), a town of Laconia, mentioned by Livy (xxxv. 27) as the place where Nabis pitched his camp in B.C. 192, must have been situated in the plain of Leuce, which lay between Acriae and Asopus. [LEUCAE.] The name of the place occurs in an inscription (Böckh, Inser. no. 1444). From its position it would appear to be the same as the Taλaià κúμn of Pausanias (iii. 22. § 6), in which passage Curtius suggests that we might perhaps read Пλeiαι kwμŋ. (Curtius, Peloponnesos, vol. ii. p. 328.) PLEISTUS. [DELPHI.]

PLEMMY'RIUM. [SYRACUSAE.]

PLERA, a town of Apulia, situated on the branch of the Via Appia which led from Venusia direct to Tarentum. It is supposed to be represented by the modern Gravina. (Itin. Ant. p. 121; Holsten. Not. ad Cluv. p. 281.) The name is written in many [E. H. B.]

MSS. Blera.

1. OLD PLEURON († waλaià Пλevρúv, Strab. x. p. 451), was situated in the plain between the Achelous and the Evenus, W. of Calydon, at the foot of Mount Curium, from which the Curetes are said to have derived their name. Pleuron and Calydon were the two chief towns of Aetolia in the heroic age, and are said by Strabo (x. p. 450) to have been the ancient ornament (πpóσ xnua) of Greece. Pleuron was originally a town of the Curetes, and its inhabitants were engaged in frequent wars with the Aetolians of the neighbouring town of Calydon. The Curetes, whose attack upon Calydon is mentioned in an episode of the Iliad (ix. 529), appear to have been the inhabitants of Pleuron. At the time of the Trojan War, however, Pleuron was an Aetolian city, and its inhabitants sailed against Troy under the command of the Aetolian chief Thoas, the son (not the grandson) of Oeneus. (Hom. Il. ii. 639, comp. xiii. 217, xiv. 116.) Ephorus related that the Curetes were expelled from Pleuronia, which was formerly called Curetis, by Aeolians (ap. Strab. x. p. 465); and this tradition may also be traced in the statement of Thucydides (iii. 102) that the district, called Calydon and Pleuron in the time of the Peloponnesian War, formerly bore the name of Aeolis. Since Pleuron appears as an Aetolian city in the later period of the heroic age, it is represented in some traditions as such from the beginning. Hence it is said to have derived its name from Pleuron, a son of Aetolus; and at the very time that some legends represent it as the capital of the Curetes, and engaged in war with Oeneus, king of Calydon, others suppose it to have been governed by the Aetolian Thestius, the brother of Oeneus. Thestius was also represented as a descendant of Pleuron; and hence Pleuron had an heroum or a chapel at Sparta, as being the ancestor of Leda, the daughter of Thestius. But there are all kinds of variations in these traditions. Thus we find in Sophocles Oeneus, and not Thestius, represented as king of Pleuron. (Apollod. i. 7. § 7; Paus. iii. 14. § 8; Soph. Trach. 7.) One of the tragedies of Phrynichus, the subject of which appears to have been the death of Meleager, the son of Oeneus, was entitled

λeupávia, or the "Pleuronian Women;" and hence it is not improbable that Phrynichus, as well as Sophocles, represented Oeneus as king of Pleuron. (Paus. x. 31. § 4.) Pleuron is rarely mentioned in the historical period. It was abandoned by its inhabitants, says Strabo, in consequence of the ravages of Demetrius, the Aetolian, a surname probably given to Demetrius II., king of Macedonia (who reigned B. C. 239-229), to distinguish him from Demetrius Poliorcetes. (Strab. x. p. 451.) The inhabitants now built the town of

2. NEW PLEURON (ʼn veшTÉра Пλeuрúv), which was situated at the foot of Mt. Aracynthus. Shortly before the destruction of Corinth (B. c. 146), we find Pleuron, which was then a member of the Achaean League, petitioning the Romans to be dissevered from it. (Paus. vii. 11. § 3.) Leake supposes, on satisfactory grounds, the site of New Pleuron to be represented by the ruins called Tò KáστpOV Ts Kupías Elphins, or the Castle of Lady Irene about one hour's ride from Mesolonghi. These ruins occupy the broad summit of one of the steep and rugged heights of Mt. Zygos (the ancient Aracynthus), which bound the plain of Mesolonghi to the north. Leake says that the walls were about a mile in circumference, but Mure and Dodwell describe the circuit as nearly two miles. The most remarkable

TT

present Pondicherry (written in the Tamil language Puduchchery). Ptolemy mentions another place of the same name in the northern part of the island of Taprobane (vii. 4. § 10).

[V.] POECILA'SIUM, POECILASSUS (Пoikiλάσiov, Ptol. iii. 15. § 3; Пoikiλaσoos, Stadiasm. Magni Mar. p. 299, ed. Hoffmann), a town on the S. coast of Crete, placed by Ptolemy E. of Tarrha, between this place and the promontory Hermaea; but in the Stadiasmus W. of Tarrha, between this place and Syia, 60 stadia from the former and 50 from the latter. It is prcbably represented by the ruins near Trypeté, situated between the places mentioned in the Stadiasmus. (Pashley, Crete, vol. ii. p. 264.)

POECILE (Пokiλŋ), a rock on the coast of Cilicia, near the mouth of the Calycadnus, and on the east of Cape Sarpedon, across which a flight of steps cut in the rock led from Cape Zephyrium to Seleuceia. (Strab. xiv. p. 670; Stadiasm. Mar. M. § 161.) Its distance of 40 stadia from the Calycadnus will place it about Pershendi. Instead of any steps in the rock, Beaufort here found extensive ruins of a walled town, with temples, arcades, aqueducts, and tombs, built round a small level, which had some appearance of having once been a harbour with a narrow opening to the sea. An inscription copied by Beaufort from a tablet over the eastern gate of the ruins accounts for the omission of any notice of this town by Strabo and others; for the inscription states it to have been entirely built by Fluranius, archon of the eparchia of Isauria, in the reigns of Valentinian, Valens, and Gratian.

[L. S.] POECILUM (Пokiλov, Paus. i. 37. § 8), a mountain in Attica, on the Sacred Way. [See Vol. I. p. 328, a.]

POEDICULI. [PEUCETII.] POE DICUM (oidikóv), a place mentioned only by Ptolemy (ii. 14. § 3) as situated in the southeast of Noricum; it is commonly identified with the modern Adelsberg, on the river Poigk. [L. S.] POEEESSA. [CEOS.]

POEMANE'NUS (Пoμavпvós), a town in the south of Cyzicus, and on the south-west of lake Aphnitis, which is mentioned only by very late authors. It belonged to the territory of Cyzicus, was well fortified, and possessed a celebrated temple of Asclepius. (Steph. B. s. v. Пouávivov; Nicet. Chon. Chron. p. 296; Concil. Constant. III. p. 501; Concil. Nicaen. II. p. 572; Hierocl. p. 662, where it is called Poemanentus.) Its inhabitants are called Poemaneni (Пouavnvoi, Plin. v. 32). Hamilton (Researches, ii. p. 108, &c.) identifies it with the modern Maniyas, near the lake bearing the same [L. S.]

name.

POENI. [CARTHAGO.]
POENI'NAE ALPES. [ALPES, p. 108, a.]
POETO VIO. [PETOVIO.]
POGON. [TROEZEN.]

POLA (Пóña: Eth. Пoλárns: Pola), one of the principal towns of Istria, situated near the S. extremity of that peninsula, on a landlocked bay, forming an excellent port, which was called the Sinus Polaticus. (Mel. ii. 3. § 13.) According to a tradition mentioned by several ancient authors, its foundation was ascribed to a band of Colchians, who had come hither in pursuit of Medea, and afterwards settled in the country. (Strab. i. p. 46, v. p. 216; Plin. iii. 19. s. 23; Mel. l. c.; Tzetz. ad Lycophr. 1022.) It is impossible to explain the origin of this tale, which is already mentioned by Callimachus (ap. Strab. I. c.); but it may be received as proving

that the city was considered as an ancient one, and certainly existed before the Roman conquest of Istria in B. c. 177, though its name is not mentioned on that occasion. It was undoubtedly the advantages of its excellent port that attracted the attention of the Romans, and led Augustus to establish a colony there, to which he gave the name of Pietas Julia. (Mel. 7. c.; Plin. iii. 19. s. 23.) Several of the still existing remains prove that he at the same time adorned it with public edifices; and there is no doubt that under the Roman Empire it became a considerable and flourishing town, and, next to Tergeste (Trieste), the most important city of Istria. (Strab. I. c.; Ptol. iii. 1. § 27; Gruter, Inser. p. 263. 7, p. 360. 1, p. 432. 8.) It is mentioned in history as the place where Crispus, the eldest son of Constantine the Great, was put to death by order of his father; and again, in A. D. 354, the Caesar Gallus underwent the same fate there by order of Constantius. (Ammian. Marc. xiv. 11.) After the fall of the Roman Empire in the West it continued to be a place of importance, and in A. D. 544 it was there that Belisarius assembled the fleet and army with which he was preparing to cross over to Ravenna. (Procop. B. G. iii. 10.) It probably partook of the prosperity which was enjoyed by all Istria during the period that Ravenna became the seat of empire, and which was continued throughout the period of the Exarchate; we learn from the Itineraries that it was connected by a road along the coast with Tergeste, from which it was 77 miles distant, while the direct communication by sea with Iadera (Zara) seems to have been in frequent use, though the passage was 450 stadia, or 56 Roman miles. (Itin. Ant. pp. 271, 496.)

Pola is remarkable for the importance and preservation of its ancient remains. Of these by far the most important is the amphitheatre, one of the most interesting structures of the kind still extant, and remarkable especially for the circumstance that the external circumference, usually the part which has suffered the most, is in this case almost entirely perfect. It is built on the slope of a hill, so that on the E. side it has only one row of arcades, while on the opposite side, facing the bay, it has a double tier, with an additional story above. It is 436 English feet in length by 346 in breadth, so that it exceeds in size the amphitheatre of Nismes, though considerably smaller than that at Verona. But its position and the preservation of its more architectural portions render it far more striking in aspect than either of them. Considerable remains of a theatre were also preserved down to the 17th century, but were destroyed in 1636, in order to make use of the materials in the construction of the citadel. There still remain two temples; one of which was dedicated to Rome and Augustus, and though of small size, is of very elegant design and execution, corresponding to the Augustan age, at which period it was undoubtedly erected. It has thence become a favourite model for study with Italian architects from the time of Palladio downwards. The other, which was consecrated to Diana, is in less complete preservation, and has been converted into a modern habitation. Besides these, the Porta Aurea, a kind of triumphal arch, but erected by a private individual of the name of Sergius, now forms the S. gate of the city. Another gate, and several portions of the ancient walls are also preserved. The whole of these monuments are built of the hard white limestone of the country, closely approaching to marble, which adds

much to their effect. Dante speaks of the environs of Pola, as in his time remarkable for the numerous sarcophagi and ancient tombs with which they were almost wholly occupied. These have now disappeared. (Dante, Inf. ix. 13.)

The antiquities of Pola have been repeatedly described, and illustrated with figures; among others, in the fourth volume of Stuart and Revett's Athens, fol. Lond. 1816, and in the Voyage Pittoresque de l'Istrie et de la Dalmatie, fol. Paris, 1802; also Allason's Antiquities of Pola, fol., Lond. 1819. The harbour of Pola is completely landlocked, so as to have the appearance of a small basin-shaped lake, communicating by a narrow channel with the sea. Off its entrance lies a group of small islands called the Isole Brioni, which are probably those called by Pliny Cissa and Pullaria. (Plin. iii. 26. s. 30.) The southernmost promontory of Istria, about 10 miles distant from Pola, derived from it the name of Polaticum Promontorium. It is now called Capo Promontore. [E. H. B.]

POLEMO'NIUM (Пoλeuάviov), a town on the coast of Pontus, at the mouth of the small river Sidenus, 10 stadia from Phadisane, and 130 from Cape Iasonium. (Arrian, Peripl. p. 16; Anonym. Peripl. p. 11, &c.; Ptol. v. 6. § 4; Steph. B. s. v.) Pliny (vi. 4) places the town 120 Roman miles from Amisus, which seems to be too great a distance. (Comp. Amm. Marc. xxii. 8; Hierocl. p. 702, where it is erroneously called Toλeμóviov; Tab. Peuting.) Neither Strabo nor any writer before him mentions this town, and it is therefore generally believed that it was built on the site of the town of Side, which is not noticed by any writer after Strabo. Its name intimates that it was founded, or at all events was named, after one Polemon, perhaps the one who was made king of that part of Pontus, about B. C. 36, by M. Antonius. It had a harbour, and seems to have in the course of time become a place of considerable importance, as the part of Pontus in which it was situated received from it the name of Pontus Polemoniacus. The town was situated on the western bank of the Sidenus, where its existence is still attested by the ruins of an octagon church, and the remains of a massive wall; but the ancient name of the place is preserved by the village of Pouleman, on the opposite side of the river. (Hamilton, Researches, vol. i. p. 270.) [L. S.]

POLICHNA (Пoλíxva). 1. A town of Laconia, mentioned only by Polybius (iv. 36), is placed by Leake in the interior of the country on the eastern slope of Mt. Parnon at Réonda (τà 'Péovτα), where, among the ruins of a fortified town of the lower empire, are some remains of Hellenic walls. (Leake, Peloponnesiaca, p. 364.)

2. A town in the NW. of Messenia on the road from Andania to Dorium and Cyparissia. (Paus. iv. 33. § 6.) [DORIUM.]

3. A town of Megaris, mentioned only in a line of Homer, quoted by Strabo, for which the Athenians substituted another to prove that Salamis at the time of the Trojan War was a dependency of Athens. (Strab. ix. p. 394.)

4. (Eth. Пoλxviτns), a town of Crete, whose territory bordered upon that of Cydonia. (Thuc. ii. 85.) In B. C. 429 the Athenians assisted the inhabitants of Polichna in making war upon the Cydonians. (Thuc. I. c.) Herodotus also mentions the Polichnitae, and says that this people and the Praesii were the only people in Crete who did not join the other Cretans in the expedition against

POLIMAʼRTIUM (Bomarzo), a town of Etruria, not far from the right bank of the Tiber, and about 12 miles E. of Viterbo. The name is not found in any writer earlier than Paulus Diaconus (Hist. Lang. iv. 8), and there is therefore no evidence of its antiquity: but it is certain that there existed an ancient Etruscan city about 2 miles N. of the present village of Bomarzo. Some ruins and other slight vestiges of ancient buildings still remain, and numerous sepulchres have been discovered, some of which have yielded various objects of interest. One of them is adorned with paintings in the Etruscan style, but apparently not of early date. (Dennis's Etruria, vol. i. p. 214–226.) [E. H. B.]

POLIS (Пóлis), a village of the Hyaea in Locris Ozolis, which Leake supposes occupied the site of Karútes, where he found an inscription. (Thue.. 101: Leake, Northern Greece, vol. ii. p. 620)

POLISMA (Пóλioμa), a small place on the river Simoeis in Troas, was originally called Polion; but it was situated in an unsuitable locality, and 5000 decayed. (Strab. xiii. p. 601.) [L. S.]

POLITORIUM (Πολιτώριον : Εth. Πολιτωρίας Steph. B.), an ancient city of Latium, destroyed at a very early period of the Roman history. The account of its capture and destruction by Ancus Marcius comprises indeed all we know concerning it; for the statement cited from Cato (Serv. ad Aen. v. 564). which ascribed its foundation to Polites, the son of Priam, is evidently a mere etymological fiction. According to Livy and Dionysius, it was a city of the Prisci Latini, and was the first which was attacked by the Roman king, who made himself master of it with little difficulty, and transported the inhabitants to Rome, where he settled them upon the Aventine. But the Latins having soon after recolonised the deserted city, Anens attacked it again, and having taken it a second time, entirely destroyed it, that it might not for the future afford a shelter to his enemies. (Liv. i. 33; Dionys. iii. 37, 38, 43.) The destruction appears to have been complete, for the name of Politorium never again occurs, except in Pliny's list of the cities of Latian that were utterly extinct. (Plin. iii. 5. s. 9.) I:s site is consequently involved in the greatest chsenrity; the only clue we have is the circumstance that it appears in the above narrative associated with Tellenae, which is equally uncertain, and with Ficana, the position of which at Dragoncello, on the Via Ostiensis, may be considered as well established. [FICANA.] Nibby would place Politorium at a spot called La Torretta near Decimo, on the Via Lurentina; while Gell considers the remains of an ancient city that have been discovered at a place called La Giostra, on the right of the Via Appa about a mile and a half from Fiorano and 10 miles from Rome, as those of Politorium. There can be no doubt that the ruins at La Giostra —consisting of considerable fragments of walls, built in a very massive and ancient style, and enclosing a long and

narrow space, bordered by precipitous banks- -are those of an ancient Latin city; but whether they mark the site of Politorium, as supposed by Gell, or of Tellenae, as suggested by Nibby and adopted by Abeken, we are wholly without the means of determining. (Gell, Top. of Rome, p. 280; Nibby, Dintorni, vol. ii. p. 571, vol. iii. p. 146-152; Abeken, Mittel Italien, p. 69.) The ruins at La Giostra are more fully noticed under the article [E. H. B.]

TELLENAE.

POLLENTIA. 1. (Пoλλerτía: Eth. Pollentinus. Polenza), a city of Liguria, situated in the interior of that province, at the northern foot of the Apennines, near the confluence of the Stura and Tanaro. It was about 7 miles W. of Alba Pompeia. It was probably a Ligurian town before the Roman conquest, and included in the territory of the Statielli; but we do not meet with its name in history until near the close of the Roman republic, when it appears as a town of importance. In B. C. 43, M. Antonius, after his defeat at Mutina, withdrew to Vada Sabata, intending to proceed into Transalpine Gaul; but this being opposed by his troops, he was compelled to recross the Apennines, with the view of seizing on Pollentia; in which he was, however, anticipated by Decimus Brutus, who had occupied the city with five cohorts. (Cic. ad Fam. xi. 13.) Under the Roman Empire, Pollentia is mentioned by Pliny among the "nobilia oppida" which adorned the tract of Liguria between the Apennines and the Padus. (Plin. iii. 5. s. 7.) It had considerable manufactures of pottery, and the wool produced in its territory enjoyed great reputation, having a natural dark colour. (Plin. viii. 48. s. 73, xxxv. 12. s. 46; Sil. Ital. viii. 597; Martial, xiv. 157.) It is incidentally mentioned as a municipal town under the reign of Tiberius, having been severely punished by that emperor for a tumult that occurred in its forum. (Suet. Tib. 37.) But its name is chiefly noted in history as the scene of a great battle fought between Stilicho and the Goths under Alaric, in A. D. 403. The circumstances of this battle are very imperfectly known to us, and even its event is variously related; for while Claudian celebrates it as a glorious triumph, Orosius describes it as a dubious success, and Cassiodorus and Jornandes boldly claim the victory for the Goths. (Claudian, B. Get. 580-647; Prudent. in Symmach. ii. 696-749: Oros. vii. 37; Prosper. Chron. p. 190; Cassiod. Chron. p. 450; Jornand. Get. 30.) But it seems certain that it was attended with great slaughter on both sides, and that it led to a temporary retreat of the Gothic king. No subsequent mention is found of it, and we have no account of the circumstances of its decay or destruction; but the name does not reappear in the middle ages, and the modern Pollenza is a poor village. Considerable remains of the ancient city may still be traced, though in a very decayed condition they include the traces of a theatre, an amphitheatre, a temple, and other buildings; and various inscriptions have also been discovered on the spot, thus confirming the evidence of its ancient prosperity and importance. (Millin, Voyage en Piemont, fc. vol. ii. p. 55.) The ruins are situated two miles from the modern town of Cherasco, but on the left bank of the Tanaro.

2. A town of Picenum mentioned only by Pliny, who among the "populi" of that region, enumerates the Pollentini, whom he unites with the Urbs Salvia in a manner that seems to prove the two commu

nities to have been united into one. (Urbesalvia Pollentini, Plin. iii. 14. s. 18.) The URBS SALVIA' now Urbisaglia, is well known; and the site of Pollentia must be sought in its immediate neighbourhood. Holstenius places it at Monte Melone, on a hill on the left bank of the Chienti between Macerata and Tolentino, about 3 miles fom Urbisaglia on the opposite side of the valley. (Holsten. Not. ad Cluv. p. 138.) [E. H. B.]

POLLENTIA. [BALEARES.] POLLUSCA or POLUSCA (Пoλovaкa: Eth. Пoλvσkavós, Polluscinus: Casal della Mandria), a city of Latium, which appears in the early history of Rome inseparably connected with Longula and Corioli. Thus, in B. C. 493, we find the three places enumerated in succession as reduced by the arms of Postumus Cominius; and again in B. C. 488 all three were recovered by the Volscians under the command of Coriolanus. (Liv. ii. 33, 39; Dionys. vi. 91, viii 36.) No subsequent mention of Pollusca occurs, except that its name is found in Pliny, among the cities of Latium of which all trace had disappeared. (Plin. iii. 5. s. 9.) As its name is there given among the places which had once shared in the sacrifices on the Alban Mount, it is probable that it was originally a Latin city, and had fallen into the hands of the Volscians; whence it is called, when first noticed in history, a Volscian city. Livy, indeed, appears to regard Longula and Pollusca as belonging to the Volsci Antiates, and therefore at that time mere dependencies of Antium. The position of Pollusca, as well as that of Longula, must be in great measure matter of conjecture, but the site suggested by Nibby, on a hill adjoining the Osteria di Cività, about 22 miles from Rome, on the road to Porto d' Anzo, has at least a plausible claim to that distinction. The hill in question which is included in the farm of the Casal della Mandria, stands just at the bifurcation of the two roads that lead to Porto d' Anzo and to Conca: it was noticed by Sir W. Gell as the probable site of an ancient town, and suggested as one of those which might be selected for Corioli: if we place the latter city at Monte Giove, the site more generally adopted, Pollusca may very well have been at the Osteria di Cività; but the point is one which can never be determined with certainty. (Gell, Top of Rome, p. 183; Nibby, Dintorni, vol. i. p. 402; Abeken, Mittel Italien p. 72.) [E. H. B.]

POLTYOBRIA. [AENUS.] POLYAEGUS (Пoλvaryos), a desert island in the Aegaean sea, near Melos. (Ptol. iii. 15. § 28; Plin. iv. 12. s. 23; Mela, ii. 7.) It is either Polybos, or perhaps Antimelos with its wild goats. (Ross, Reisen auf den Griech. Inseln, vol. iii. p. 26.) POLYANTHES. [AMANTIA.]

POLYANUS (Пoλúavos) a mountain in Epeirus mentioned by Strabo (vii. p. 327) along with To

marus.

POLY'BOTUS (Пoλúboтos), a place in the west of Phrygia Major, a little to the south-east of Synnada, is mentioned only by Hierocles (p. 677) and a few Byzantine writers (Procop. Hist. Arc. 18; Anna Comnen. p. 324; Concil. Nicaen. ii. p. 358), who, however, do not give the name correctly, but call it Polybatus or Polygotus. Col. Leake (Asia Min. p. 53) identifies the site of Polybotus with the modern Bulwudun, which he regards as only a Turkish corruption of the ancient name. [L. S.]

POLY'GIUM, a place on the south coast of Gallia mentioned in the Ora Maritima of Avienus (v.611):