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"To reason with him was vain: he was infatuated."

A: B.

51. Of these principles we give the following

I. The Elements

Example.

a1. At times industry and the arts flourish.

A. In these times men are kept in perpetual occupation.
B. They enjoy the occupation itself as their reward.

c. Some pleasures are the fruit of their labours.

C. They also enjoy these pleasures as their reward (contr.).
Note.-A. a1 adv. time + B + C, c1 att.

II. The Compound Sentence

In times when industry and the arts flourish, men are kept in perpetual occupation; and enjoy as their reward the occupation itself, as well as those pleasures which are the fruit of their labour.

Exercise 15.

1. 1a. Suppose that the great could be taught any lesson.
A. This might serve to teach them one.

a. The glory of some persons is built upon popular applause.
2a1. Their glory stands upon a weak foundation (exclam.).
161. Such persons praise something.

b. That something seems like merit.

B. Such persons as quickly condemn something.
261. That something has only the appearance of guilt.
Note.-A. 1a1 adv. cond. 2a1 subs. a2 att.

... B. 1b1 adv. man. 2b1 subs. b2 subs.

2. a1. We do not discover many stars with our naked eyes.
A. We see these stars by the help of our glasses.
b1. Our telescopes are the finer.

B. Our discoveries in that proportion are the more.
Note.-A. a1 att. + B. b1 adv. deg.

3. 1a'. The present task has not been previously attempted.
A. This I may at least plead in excuse.

2a1. Suppose that I accomplish the present task but imperfectly. 62. I have to state something to you on this subject.

b1. You will view that something rather as the outline of a course of reasoning, than as anything pretending to finished argument.

B. This I request.

Note.-A. la1 subs. 2a1 adv. cond.

.. B. b1 subs. b2 att.

4. a1. You would gain the favour of the Deity.

A. You must be at the pains of worshipping the Deity.
B. You must study to oblige good men.

b1. You would gain the friendship of good men.
C. You must take care to serve your country.
c1. You would be honoured by your country.
1d1. You would be eminent in war or peace.
2ď1. Certain qualifications can make you so.

D. In short, you must become master of all these qualifications.
Note.-A. a1 adv. cond. + B. b1 adv. cond.

+ C. c1 adv. cond. + D. 1d1 adv. cond. 2d1 att.

5. a1. Sir Roger is landlord to the whole congregation. A. He keeps the whole congregation in very good order. b1. By chance he has been surprised into a good nap at sermon, B. Upon recovering out of it he stands up.

C. He looks about him.

D. He wakes them himself.

E. He sends his servant to them.

de. He sees somebody else nodding.

Note.-A. a1 adv. cause. B. b1 cond. + C. + D. — E.

de adv. cond.

6. A. Sir Roger has likewise added six pounds a year to the clerk's place.

161. The present incumbent is very old.

B. Sir Roger has promised, on the present incumbent's death, to bestow the clerk's place according to merit.

261. He wishes to encourage the young fellows to make themselves perfect in the church service.

Note.-A.B. 1b1 att. 2b1 adv. purpose.

7. A. We have great differences of public opinion. 62. Something is good.

b1. Nothing but that can be permanently popular. B. This we readily admit.

Note.-A. x B. b1 subs. b2 att.

8. ab. Johnson was not affected by paltry vexations.
A. He had seen much of sharp misery (contr.).
B. He had felt much of sharp misery.

c2. He was much hardened to these vexations.
c1. Everybody ought to be as much so.

C. This he seemed to think.

Note.-A. B. ab adv. effect. + C. c1 subs. c2 adv. deg.

9. A. I at first kept my usual silence.

b1. Was it more like himself than a Saracen ?

B. Upon the knight's conjuring me to tell him this, I composed my countenance in the best manner I could.

c1. Much might be said on both sides.

C. This I replied.

Note.-A. B. b1 subs. + C. c1 subs.

10. 1a. You have been pleased to take some notice of my labours. 2a1. It had been early.

A. It would have been kind.

B. It has been delayed till now. 161. Now I am indifferent.

261. Now I cannot enjoy it (contr.). 361. Now I am solitary.

461. Now I cannot impart it (contr.). 561. Now I am known.

661. Now I do not want it (contr.).

Note.-A. 1a1 att 2a1 adv. cond.

x B. 1b1 2b1 adv. time 3b1 4b1 adv. time 5b1 6b1 adv. time.

11. A. We blush for the impudence and rudeness of another. a1. He himself appears to have no sense of the impropriety of his own behaviour.

b2. We had behaved in so absurd a manner.

b1. We ourselves should have been overwhelmed with confusion. B. We cannot help feeling with what confusion.

Note.-A. a1 adv. conces. ·.· B. b1 subs. b2 adv. cond.

12. a1. Providence only intended you to write posies for rings, or mottoes for twelfth cakes.

A. Keep to posies and mottoes.

b1. A villainous epic poem in twelve books (may be respectable). B. A good motto for a twelfth-cake is more respectable.

Note.-A. a1 adv. cond... B. b1 adv. deg.

13. a1. Sentinels endeavoured to prevent the people from trespassing on the parapet.

A. These sentinels were wedged amongst the crowd.

b1. An officer ordered the sentinels to drive the people down with their bayonets, not very prudently upon such an occasion.

B. That officer was compelled rapidly to retire.

C. The people would not be debarred from gazing, till the last moment, upon the hero,-the darling hero of England. Note.-A. a1 att. + B. b1 att. ·.· C.

14. A. The modes of intellectual enjoyment in modern times are multiplied.

a1. The choice is absolutely distracted.

b. A certain exhibition presupposes a state of tense exertion, on the part both of auditor and performer.

161. Any considerable audience could be found for that exhibition. B. This would be marvellous indeed, in a boundless theatre of pleasures.

261. These pleasures may be had at little or no cost of intellectual activity.

Note.-A a1 adv. eff. + B. 1b1 adv. cond. b2 att. 2ы1 att.

15. la1. We sometimes cordially congratulate our friends.

a2. This, however, to the disgrace of human nature, we do but seldom.

A. At such times their joy literally becomes our joy.

b1. They are happy.

B. For the moment we are as happy.

C. Our heart swells with real pleasure.

D. Our heart overflows with real pleasure (contr.).

E. Joy and complacency sparkle from our eyes.

F. Joy and complacency animate every feature of our counte-
nance, and every gesture of our body.

Note.-A. a1 adv. time a2 att. + B. b1 adv. deg.
+ C. + D. + E. + F.

16. A. We prepare to meet the blow.

ab. The blow is coming.

B. We think to ward off, or break the force of, the blow.

c1. Something cannot be avoided.

C. That we arm ourselves with patience to endure.

D. We agitate ourselves with fifty needless alarms about it.
ef. The blow is struck.

E. The pang is over.

F. The struggle is no longer necessary.

g1. We can help to harass or torment ourselves about it some

what.

G. We cease to harass or torment ourselves more.

Note.-A. B. ab adv. time + C. c1 att. + D.

+E+F. ef adv. time + G. g1. adv. degree.

17. a1. Reparation for wrong cannot otherwise be obtained (than by

war).

A. Then war is just.

12. It is levied by a nation.

262. It professes to avert evils.

161. It is not likely to expose that nation to these evils.

B. Then only is it conformable to all the principles of morality. 86. A nation has done the wrong.

D

46. Some sufferings are altogether disproportioned to the extent

of the injury.

201. The war does not inflict on that nation these injuries. Note.-A. a1 adv. time or cond.

x B. (1b1 adv. time, 1ba att. 2b2 att.) (2b1 udv. time, 3b2 att. 4b2 att.).

18. 1a. Unavoidable difficulties might be expected from the nature of Columbus's undertaking.

2a3. Other difficulties were likely to arise from the ignorance and timidity of the people under his command.

a1. Columbus had to be prepared to struggle not only with the former difficulties, but also with such as the latter.

A. The early discovery of the spirit of his followers taught Columbus this.

18. He had discoveries in view.

b3. Naval skill and undaunted courage would be requisite for accomplishing these discoveries.

b1. The art of governing the minds of men would be no less requisite.

B. This he believed.

Note.-A. a1 subs. 1a2 att. 2a2 att.

+ B. b1 subs. b2 adv. deg. b3 att.

19. 1a1. A person looked on the waters only for a moment. 2a1. The waters were retiring.

A. That person might fancy this.

161. A person looked on the waters only for five minutes.
261. The waters were rushing capriciously to and fro.

B. That person might fancy this.

1c1. A person keeps his eye on the waters for a quarter of an hour. 2c1. He sees one sea-mark disappear after another.

3c1. The ocean is moved in some general direction.

C. Then it is impossible for him to doubt of that general direction.

Note.-A. la1 att. 2a1 subs. + B. 1b1 att. 2b1 subs.

× C. 1c1+2c1 adv, time, 3c1 att.

20. a. Some operations of the mind depend on volition. a1. In sleep these operations are suspended.

A. From a consideration of these facts (not here stated) it seems reasonable to suppose this.

163. We are able to withhold the exercise of all our different

powers much.

26. We fall asleep.

162. Before this, we must withhold the exercise of all our different

powers.

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