ern suburbs, it finds in Roxbury and the hills beyond, and in Brookline and Brighton, a region of wondrous development and beauty. The surface is undulating and superbly wooded, dotted with crystal lakes, and displaying a succession for miles of costly country-houses and villas that are constructed upon every artistic style and varying fashion. Their hedges and groves and gardens and greensward are at this season in full-leafed midsummer glory. This favorite region spreads beyond the limit of close settlement, with as much verdure as the rocky condition of the land will permit, up to the great water reservoir of Chestnut Hill, which holds eight hundred million of gallons and is the storehouse for the city's needs. Here the villa-covered surface is constantly enlarging as the people are able to devote more money to its adornment. The attractive driveway in this district is around the great reservoir, a broad road being laid on its surrounding embankment, which is at times raised to a higher level where the hillside permits, so that the scenery of woods and water and over the distant landscape is very fine. Jamaica Pond and Jamaica Plain are near by, and beyond the latter are two of Boston's attractive cemeteries, Mount Hope and Forest Hills.

BUNKER HILL.

A prominent feature of Boston is the location of one of the world's great historical battles within the city-Bunker Hill, marked by a noble monument rising on the centre of the hilltop north of Charles River, where the British stormed the Yankee redoubt in June, 1775. This battlefield was then in the Charlestown district, out in the open country, beyond Charles River, but it has long since been covered with houses as the city spread, excepting upon the small open space reserved for a little park around the monument on the summit of the hill. The granite shaft rises two hundred and twenty-one feet upon the highest part of the eminence, which is elevated sixty-two feet

1

above the level of Charles River. Facing Boston, in front. of the monument, the direction from which the attack came, is the bronze statue of Colonel William Prescott, who commanded the Continental troops, the broad-brimmed hat shading his earnest face as with deprecatory yet determined gesture he uttered the memorable words of warning that resulted in such terrible punishment of the British storming-column: "Don't fire until I tell you; don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes." The traces of the hastily-constructed breastworks, thrown up during the previous night, can be seen on the brow of the hill, and a stone marks where Warren fell; for the noted Dr. Joseph Warren, who made the impassioned speech in the Old South Church that did so much to kindle the Revolutionary feeling in Boston, was among the slain at Bunker Hill. The top of the tall monument gives a splendid view in all directions over the harbor and suburbs of Boston-mapping out the maze of water-courses and railroads, with the many towns and villages, the fields and forests, and the shipping clustering at the wharves or moving over the waters. This grand outlook embraces a wide expanse of country, showing the vast growth and busy industries of the complex mass of humanity clustering upon the coasts of Massachusetts Bay. There is only one apparently idle locality. Adjoining the harbor and surrounded by a high stone wall is an enclosure with its storehouses and docks fronting the water and covering an extensive surface behind, yet almost utterly lifeless, so far as can be seen. There is an old hulk moored off the shore, but the shops and docks show little sign. This is the Charlestown Navy-yard, covering about a hundred acres and having an extensive frontage on the river, with a grand dry-dock and fine ropewalk. It needs a reinvigorated United States navy to give it occupation.

HARVARD UNIVERSITY.

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HARVARD UNIVERSITY.

A street-car journey upon the long causeways crossing the wide expanse of Charles River where it spreads out to form the "Back Bay," and passing in front of the new improvements on the filled-in lands of the West End and beyond the adjacent flats, takes the visitor to the academic suburb of Cambridge and the great Boston university. This populous town, so far as it is known to fame, is mainly the college, but at its outskirts upon the banks of Charles River is Boston's most noted burial-place, the romantic Mount Auburn Cemetery. This fine enclosure covers about one hundred and twenty-five acres of hill and vale, with a grand development of tombs and landscape. The tower upon the summit of the mount gives a beautiful outlook over Charles River Valley, the Brighton and Brookline villa districts. being opposite, with the distant view closed by the Blue Hills of Milton. Harvard University is in the centre of Cambridge, its grounds covering about twenty-two acres, with adjacent fields for athletic sports. Many buildings of ancient and modern construction fill the college yard, as the dormitories and lecture- and recitation-halls, some of them being large and attractive structures. Two hundred and fifty-three years ago the Massachusetts General Court, as the colonial legislature was styled, voted four hundred pounds for the establishment of a school at Cambridge. Two years afterward, in 1638, John Harvard, who had been a pastor in Charlestown, died and bequeathed this school his library and about eight hundred pounds more. Then the Cambridge school was made a college, and named Harvard by the General Court. Cast in heroic bronze, the youthful patron now sits upon a capacious chair in front of the Memorial Hall in the college yard. This university far antedates its rival, Yale, at New Haven, for its first class was graduated in 1642. In fact, Harvard was founded only ninety years later than the greatest college of the

old English Cambridge-Emmanuel. John Harvard and Dunster, who was the first president of Harvard, with sev eral other prominent Boston colonists, had been scholars of Emmanuel, and thus from the older Puritan foundation came the younger, and they brought with it the name of the "University City." The first New England printingpress was set up here, and in the University and Riverside presses of to-day it has been succeeded by two extensive bookmaking establishments. Holmes, Lowell, and Longfellow have been members of the faculty, and it has sent out thousands of famous graduates. It is liberally endowed, and has thus been enabled to erect its many magnificent buildings, which are usually named in memory of the benefactors. The Harvard government formerly was a strictly religious organization, most of the graduates becoming clergymen; but recently it has been secularized, so that no denominational religion is insisted upon, and but a few comparatively now enter the Church. There are schools of law, medicine, divinity, and the arts, all the learned professions being provided for, but everything is elective.

In the various departments at Harvard during the session there are over fourteen hundred students and about fifty-five professors, with many instructors. Much attention is given outdoor sports and athletic training, the college having the finest gymnasium in this country. The most elaborate building of the university, and the best in Cambridge, is the Memorial Hall, which cost four hundred thousand dollars. It is a splendid structure of brick and Nova Scotia stone, three hundred and ten feet long, having a cloister at one end and a massive tower rising at the other. It was recently built in memory of the Harvard graduates who fell during the war, and in the vestibule which crosses the building like a transept, having a marble floor and a rich vaulted ceiling of ash, and grand windows at either end through which pours a mellowed light, there are tablets set in the arcaded sides bearing the names of

THE MASSACHUSETTS NORTH SHORE. 209

one hundred and thirty-six dead of Harvard. Upon one side of this impressive vestibule is the Sanders Theatre, a half amphitheatre, used for commencements and other public services, and seating thirteen hundred persons. The statue of the venerable Josiah Quincy, once president of Harvard and mayor of Boston, adorns this theatre. Upon the other side of the vestibule is the great hall of the college, one hundred and sixty-four feet long and eighty feet high, with a splendid roof of open timber-work and magnificent windows. This is the refectory of the students, and here centre the most hallowed memories of the university, portraits and busts of the distinguished graduates and benefactors adorning it, and the great western window in the late afternoon, as we viewed it, throwing a flood of rich sunlight over the charming scene. Tables cover the floor when the dinner-hour approaches, and here the students are fed at a cost of about four dollars per week. Such is the noted Boston university, patterned after the original Cambridge, and thus adding much to the English style of most things seen about the great Massachusetts capital. It was here, when Sir Charles Dilke visited them a few years ago, that the people told him that they spoke "the English of Elizabeth," and at the same time congratulated him upon using what they said was "good English for an Englishman.”

XXIX.

THE MASSACHUSETTS NORTH SHORE.

THE northern coast of Massachusetts Bay is a rockribbed region of interspersed crags and sand-beaches, stretching far away from Boston toward the north-east to terminate in the massive granite buttress of Cape Ann.