the clergy of the Reformed State Church, which has long occupied the attention of the Church authorities, has at length induced the consistory of Nantes to depose Pastor Robineau, of Augers, on account of his views on Pedo-Baptism. The opinions of the orthodox clergy on the expediency of this measure are greatly divided, some maintaining that the holding of Baptist views is inconsistent with the position of a clergyman of the National Reformed Church, and that it is the duty of the proper authorities to suppress them, while others think that as long as the struggle of the evangelical party of the Church against the rationalistic is not brought to a successful end, the Church ought not to deprive herself of the services of any pious evangelical minister who feels free in his conscience to remain in connection with the Reformed Church. THE PERSECUTION OF PROTESTANTISM in the interior of France is far from being at an end. In some cases such affairs end satisfactorily, on appeal to the state ministry and the emperor, as in Maubeuge, where the imprisonment of the pastor, with that of his colleagues, has cost the prefect, the sub-prefect, and the mayor their places. But new cases of violence and persecution occur every month. Thus Protestant worship has been interdicted at Labaume and Saint Quentin, (Gard,) where service had been held for a long time past by the National Reformed Church. ITALY. Roman Catholic Church. THE PRINCIPLES OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH WITH REGARD TO RELIGIOUS LIBERTY have been recently exemplified by an extraordinary event. On June 23d, an officer of the Papal police appeared at the house of Mr. Mortara, a Jew of Bologna, to demand the surrender of one of his sons, because he had been secretly baptized by a Christian servant girl. The boy, who is eight years old, was taken to a convent of the Dominicans, where he will be educated. All the efforts of the disconsolate father to recover his child have been fruitless. Several Catholic governments of Europe have been prevailed upon to espouse the cause of the paternal rights of Jewish parents against the canonical laws of the Catholic Church, but likewise in vain. The political press of Europe has not been remiss in the defense of the sacred rights of parents, and for several weeks the Mortara affair has occupied a prominent place in their columns. But all the organs of the Catholic party (and this is an important fact worth recording) have placed themselves, as they cannot help doing in every case, on the side of the Pope, either openly vindicating to the Catholic Church the right to snatch Jewish children, who have been secretly baptized, from their parents, or observing a profound silence. The history of the Mortara affair, compared with that of the Swedish women, exiled on account of their reception into the Catholic Church is, therefore, a new striking exemplification of the relation which Catholicism and Protestantism sustain generally to the question of religious liberty. Great preparations are made by the Pope and the superiors of the monastic orders in Rome, to improve the opportunities which the recent treaty of China with the Christian powers offers to the Christian religion. NEW MISSIONS will be organized on a grand scale, and every Catholic country will be called upon to send its contingent of missionaries. Protestantism. The last annual SYNOD OF THE WALDENSES took place at La Tour, from May 18 to 23. It was complained that formalism and spiritual death prevailed in many congregations, and the means were discussed by which the Christian life in the valleys might be strengthened. The Synod was attended by deputies from the Free Church of Scotland, and it was resolved to invite also the Walloon Churches of Holland, the Free Church of the canton of Vaud, and the Union of the Evangelical Churches of France, to send representatives in future. The last reports on the EVANGELIZATION OF ITALY are very favora ble. The Waldenses receive applications for spiritual aid from all parts of Italy. The misunderstandings which for some time existed between the Waldenses and the Italian Committee of Evangelization, have been removed. The number of Protestants is especially increasing in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, and the persecution against them has for a while ceased. After the example of other parts of Italy, the Protestant foreigners in Sicily are beginning to be more intent upon establishing permanent Protestant congregations, and some progress has been made in this respect in Palermo and Messina. SPAIN AND PORTUGAL. The Roman Catholic Church.— THE PRESENT MINISTRY OF SPAIN, under the presidency of General O'Donnell, is considered as less favorable to the claims of the Catholic Church than its predecessors, and as devotedly opposed to any extension of her privileges. As a majority of the newly elected Cortes sides with the ministry, it is not unlikely that new conflicts with Rome will soon take place. No stop, however, has as yet been put to the persecution of Protestantism in Spain and in the Spanish colonies. In Fernando Po, a Spanish possession in Africa, a flourishing Baptist mission has been destroyed by a proclamation of the new governor, forbidding the public exercise of any other religion than the Roman Catholic. In Portugal the AVERSION TO MONASTIC ORDERS, which animates a large class of the population, has given rise to a tumult at Lisbon. A congregation of French Sisters of Charity, having been accused of using its schools in the interest of the detested cause of Don Miguel, has been mobbed. The king has been petitioned by the liberal party to suppress this first advance of reviving monasticism, and by many friends of the incriminated congregation, among whom are several members of the royal family, to protect the victims of a fanatic infidelity. The young monarch has not yet found the courage to take a decided stand in the gress which Protestantism is continually making in the kingdom of Spain itself must be kept secret, from fear of new persecution, an important MOVEMENT TOWARD PROTESTANTISM is openly going on among the Spaniards who are no longer subjects of her Catholic majesty. In Gibraltar a flourishing Baptist congregation has been formed of former members of the Catholic Church, under the auspices of the Free Church of Scotland, by Senor Ruet, himself a convert from the Catholic Church; and in the Algerian province of Oran about one hundred Spanish colonists have joined the Protestant Church in a short time, and made the necessary preparations for establishing evangelical worship in their language. ART. X.-SYNOPSIS OF THE QUARTERLIES. I.-American Quarterly Reviews. I. BIBLIOTHECA SACRA AND BIBLICAL REPOSITORY, October, 1858.-1. Meshakah on II. THE NEW ENGLANDER, November, 1858.-1. James A. Hillhouse: 2. The IV. THE BIBLICAL REPERTORY, October, 1858.-1. Jonathan Edwards and the Successive Forms of New Divinity: 2. De Tocqueville and Lieber, as Writers on Political Science: 3. The Life of Cardinal Mezzofanti: 4. Harrison on the Greek Prepositions: 5. Adoption of the Confession of Faith: 6. The Revised Book of Discipline. V. THE THEOLOGICAL AND LITERARY JOURNAL, October, 1858.-1. Christ the Saviour only of Mankind: 2. Thoughts on the Revival of Eighteen Hundred and Fiftyeight: 3. Notes on Scripture-Matthew ix.-xiii.: 4. The Sufferings and Death of Believers, their Disembodied Life, and their Resurrection: 5. Expositions of Portions of Scripture for the Aid of Bible Classes. The Miracles and Preaching of the Day of Pentecost: 6. Dr. Barth's Travels in Africa: 7. Dr. Rice's Objections to the Doctrine of Christ's Premillenial Advent. VI. THE SOUTHERN PRESBYTERIAN REVIEW, October, 1858.-1. Symmetry and Beauty of God's Witnessing Church: 2. A Reasonable Answer to the Skeptic: 3. Our Domestic Missions-The True Theory of their Conduct and Management: 4. Halsey's Literary Attractions of the Bible: 5. The Conversion of the World: 6. Christianity a Disciplinary Element in an Education : 7. Stuart Robinson's Church of God. VII. UNIVERSALIST QUARTERLY AND GENERAL REVIEW, October, 1858.-23. Speculative and Practical Universalism: 24. The Doctrine of Necessity: 25. Universalism Revealed in the Four Gospels: 26. Dante and St. Paul: 27. The Lost Senses. VIII. THE CHRISTIAN EXAMINER, November, 1858.-1. Sacrifice: 2. Cicero the Orator: 3. Unitarianism-Past, Present, and Future: 4. Giacomo Leopardi 5. The Future of Turkey: 6. Modern Impudence. : IX. THE MERCERSBURG REVIEW, October, 1858.-1. Reformed Synods: 2. Gnosticism: 3. Evidences of Centralization: 4. The Incarnation: 5. The Interpretation of the Parable: 6. The Ascetic System: 7. The Influence of the Early Church on the Institution of Slavery: 8. Tertullian. X. THE EVANGELICAL REVIEW, October, 1858.-1. Illustrations of the Wisdom and Benevolence of God derived from the Science of Meteorology: 2. Reminiscences of Lutheran Clergymen: 3. Schmid's Dogmatic of the Lutheran Church: 4. Liturgical Studies: 5. Educational Efforts of the Pennsylvania Synod: 6. Baccalaureate Address: 7. The Testimony of the Spirit: 8. Hermeneutical Manual. XI. THE AMERICAN QUARTERLY CHURCH REVIEW, October, 1858.-1. The Present State and Hopes of Christianity: 2. Baptism tested by Scripture and History: 3. Philosophy the Handmaid of Religion: 4. Letter to Bishop Lee, of Iowa, on Western Missions: 5. The Controversy in the Scottish Church: 6. The Rev. A. B. Chapin, D. D.: 7. Mixed Societies, in Principle and in Practice: American Ecclesiastical History: The "Proposed Book," (Continued.) XII. BROWNSON'S QUARTERLY REVIEW, October, 1858.-1. Conversations of our Club: 2. Catholicity in the Nineteenth Century: 3. Alice Sherwin, and the English Schism: 4. An Exposition of the Apocalypse: 5. Domestic Education. XIII. THE PRESBYTERIAN QUARTERLY REVIEW, October, 1858.-1. Characteristics of the Eloquence of the Pulpit: 2. Sir William Hamilton's Theory of Perception 3. Life and Works of John Gerson : 4. Chronological Arrangement of Chapters 13-28 of the Acts of the Apostles: 5. The Modern Pilgrimage to Rome. XIV. THE PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL QUARTERLY REVIEW, October, 1858.-1. The Monuments of Lost Races: 2. Miss Sewell's late Domestico-Religious Novels: 3 Infant Baptism: 4. History of the United States: 5. Missions on the Voluntary Principle: 6. Literature of the Quarter: 7. Foreign Intelligence: 8. Dio cesan Intelligence. V. THE QUARTERLY REVIEW OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, SOUTH.—1. John the Apostle, and his Writings: 2. Psychology: 3. Class-meetings: 4. Probationary Church-membership: 5. Mary, the Mother of our Lord: 6. The Unity of the Christian Church: 7. Natural Goodness. V. THE FREEWILL BAPTIST QUARTERLY, October, 1858.-1. The Method in Conformity to which the Idea of God is Developed in the Scriptures: 2. The Call to the Ministry-Special: 3. The Value of the Bible: 4. The Relation of SelfKnowledge to Christian Usefulness: 5. The Holy Spirit-The Ways of Quenching its Influence: 6. The Symbolical Art of the Early Christian Church: 7. Eli, Eli, Lama Sabachthani: 8. Mohammedan Power in India: 9. Jimeson on the Methodist Articles of Religion: 10. Christian Hope. THE article on the Methodist Articles of Religion affirms that no sect is less influenced by a doctrinal basis than the Methodists, inasmuch as action rather than faith is the characteristic of our system. Yet it affirms that our doctrinal principles are by no means inefficient, and must exert an increasing influence upon our body, and through it upon the general Church. Up to this time we had supposed that Methodism had been the standing advocate of the doctrine of free-will as a subjective and immutable attribute of the human soul. For maintaining this doctrine the Wesleys and Fletcher were assailed by the Calvinists of their day, and Free-willer has been an epithet laid upon us as an opprobrium, both in England and America, through most of our past history. It is for this reason that we feel much refreshed when the present writer relieves us of this burden, and reveals to us the fact that the truest advocates of free-will are found "among the Calvinistic sects!" Our reviewer holds this view, first, because no Methodist author has, like Tappan, Mahan, and others, written a separate treatise on free-will; and second, because we hold that the depravity produced by the fall has obstructed our original and natural freedom. This fact, namely, that the inherent freedom of the will is overlaid by the effects of the fall, we understand him to deny; and thus, so far as we can see, he is on that point Pelagian. Into this position we imagine our Freewill Baptist friends are led, to our great regret, by the Pelagianizing writings of Taylor, Tappan, Mahan, etc.; for we did suppose that the Freewill Baptists of thirty years ago coincided on this point with Methodism. Methodism holds that man is, by creation and by his true nature, free, just as truly, firmly, and clearly as Dr. Mahan or this reviewer. But under the influence of that spiritual death, superinduced "by one man that sinned," we believe that the will with the other faculties has suffered. The 66 to will and to do" we believe that power God works within us;" and by that gracious power it is that we must "work out our own salvation;” and upon our free refusal to do that "work" final condemnation results. Hence we believe that man is both naturally free and graciously free; naturally free by original constitution; graciously free by a provision overlying the bondage wrought by the fall. 66 His statement that Methodism has as yet furnished no separate work on the will is obviated by his previous remark, that our system has been developed less by theological production than by action. Our Theodice, as stated by our standards, is based upon the doctrine of free-will; and we trust the time is not far distant when a separate work on this point will demonstrate the fact. II.-Foreign Reviews. I. THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, October, 1858.-1. The Arundel Society.-Fresco Painting: 2. Horace and his Translators: 3. Wiseman's Last Four Popes: 4. James Watt: 5. The Roman at his Farm: 6. Sir Charles Napier's Career in India: 7. The Past and Present Administrations. II. THE EDINBURGH REVIEW, October, 1858.-1. The Greenville, Portland, and Perceval Administrations: 2. Criminal Precedure in Scotland and England: 3. Birch's History of Ancient Pottery: 4. M. Guizot's Historical Memoirs: 5. Binocular Vision: 6. The Earls of Kildare: 7. Mr. Gladstone's Homeric Studies: 8. Guy Livingstone: 9. The Slave Trade in 1858: 10. Mr. Froude's Reply to the Edinburgh Review. III. THE NATIONAL REVIEW, October, 1858.-1. Carlyle's Life of Frederick the Great: 2. The Relations of France and England: 3. The Sculptures from Halicarnassus in the British Museum: 4. Woman: 5. Russian Literature and Alexander Pushkin: 6. The Great Rebellion: Mr. Sanford and Mr. Forster: 7. Mr. Trollope's Novels: S. The Zouave and kindred Languages: 9. Charles Dickens: 10. Professional Religion: 11. Note in Answer to Colonel Mure. IV. THE CHRISTIAN REMEMBRANCER, October, 1858.-1. Science and Revelation: 2. Blunt on the Early Fathers: 3. Gladstone on Homer-Historical Value of the Iliad and Odyssey: 4. Sunday Schools: 5. The Outcast and the Poor of London: 6. Fray Morgaez against the Bull Ineffabilis: 7. Ecclesiastical Affairs in Scotland: 8. Savonarola. V. THE BRITISH QUARTERLY REVIEW, October, 1858.-1. Froude's History of England: 2. The Vatican Greek Testament: 3. Calendars and Old Almanacs: 4. Wycliffe-His Biographers and Critics: 5. M. Comte's Religion for Atheists: 6. Herodotus-Rawlinson: 7. Political Party since the Revolution: 8. Our Epilogue on Affairs and Books. VI. THE LONDON REVIEW, October, 1858.-1. Character and Condition of the English Poor: 2. Arabian Philosophy: 3. English Dictionaries: 4. North Wales and its Scenery: 5. The Roman Alphabet applied to Eastern Languages: 6. The Last of the Alchemists: 7. Merivale's Roman History-Volume Sixth: 8. John Albert Bengel: 9. The Southern Frontier of the Russian Empire. VII. THE JOURNAL OF SACRED LITERATURE AND BIBLICAL RECORD, October, 1858.— 1. St. Augustine: 2. The Literature of the Book of Job: 3. Free Theological Inquiry: 4. Expository Remarks on 1 John v, 4-9: 5. The Exegesis of Genesis vi, 1-4: 6. A Chapter on the Church of Sweden: 7. Verification of Christian Epochs-No. 2: 8. On the Rectifications of Sacred and Profane Chronology, which the newly discovered Apis-Steles render Necessary: 9. Dr. Cureton's Syriac Gospels. THE article on the Book of Job suggests grave doubts of the prevalent theory of the patriarchal antiquity of that book. The Exegesis of Genesis vi, 1–4, contains a very able argument against the modern theory that the "sons of God" were the race of Seth, and maintains, with no little force, the ancient interpretation that they were angels from whose illicit intercourse with the 'daughters of men" giants were born. If he does not demonstrate the old interpretation, beyond all doubt, he certainly makes it clear that philology, antiquity, and natural construction are all on that side, and nothing but the extraordinary nature of the narrative resulting from such an interpretation is against it. Dr. William Cureton has lately published "Remains of a very Ancient Re |