118. A plain on the left bank of the Tiber now occupied by the Pantheon and other buildings.

119. The state fortress of ancient Rome built on the Capitoline Hill. 120. A precipice on the side of the Capitoline Hill where Tarpeia let in the Sabines, and was smothered beneath their shields.

121. An extensive enclosure where orators delivered addresses to the people; adorned with handsome buildings.

122. It is the modern name for an amphitheatre, begun by Vespasian and completed by Titus; covered five acres, and seated 87,000 persons. 123. A patrician noted for honesty, ability, and simplicity of manners. D. 430 B. C. Ancient history presents no finer character.

124. Officers appointed to protect plebeians from tyranny of patricians. 125. Two brothers who attempted to have justice done plebeians, and were set upon and killed by patricians.

126. An army consisting originally of 4,500 soldiers, but was subsequently raised to 6,000.

127. He was the first Christian emperor.

128. King of the Huns, who came from the wilds of Siberia; small in stature-but of an extremely savage race-invaded Italy 450.

129. Greed of conquests which led to acquiring countries they could not hold; internal struggles; treachery; and depravity of morals.

130. The division of the empire by Theodosius, A. D. 364, into the Eastern and the Western.

131. The Byzantine, or Greek empire; the Capitol was Constantinople, on the Bosphorus.

132. For 985 years after the fall of Rome, or until 1491.

133. The barbarians of Europe on the frontier seemed to ferment and overflow the devoted country on every side, while the Asiatic hordes on the south and east completed the work of destruction.

134. The Great State was loth to die; and again and again in her death agony put forth a strength that amazed her foes, and taught them. that even the expiring struggles of a giant were to be feared.

135. They originated in Northern Germany, conquered Gauls, and afterwards overran Rome.

136. Warriors. Natives probably of Scandinavia. The Ostro-Goths inhabited the country around the Black Sea; the Visi-Goths the banks of the Danube River.

137. The Vandals, a branch of the Goths, noted for wanton plunder and barbarity. The Huns were a strong and cruel tribe of Northern Asia and Europe. Under their king, Attila, they were long the terror of the world.

138. King of Visi-Goths, entered Italy with his army, captured, sacked, and partly destroyed Rome, A. D. 410.

139. King of the Vandals who devastated Rome, 455 A. D.

140. The last creditable Roman emperor. He was wise and capable, and began to reign A. D. 388.

141. Queen of a kingdom in Syria of which the capital was Palmyra; noted for her beauty, goodness and wisdom; captured by Romans under Aurelian.

142. Greatest general of his age, and one of the "last of the Romans." He conquered Attila, leader of the Huns, A. D. 451.

143. Great philosopher and biographer, native of Greece, who removed to Rome in first century and established a school.

144. An able minister and general of Emperor Honorius, who conquered the Goths under Alaric, and aiming to dethrone the emperor, he was put to death by order of Honorius, 403 A. D.

145. A younger brother and successor of Constantine the Great. During his early life, which was spent under rigorous espionage, he gained some knowledge of Christianity, which he abjured when he became emperor. He died after reigning 18 months, July 26, 363 A. D., aged 32.

146. The first people were of the Celtic race, the same as in Gaul, (France), and had made some advance in the arts and in government, previous to the Christian era.

147. Albion, signifying a country of heights.

148. The Romans invaded Britain 55 B. C., and returned the following year with a considerable force, but did not effect any permanent conquest.

149. The inhabitants of Northern Britain (Scotland), divided into Picts and Scots, all of Celtic origin. They were not subdued by Agricola, the Roman general.

150. They built walls and a line of forts across the country.

151. Three walls were erected; 1. By the Emperor Hadrian, A. D. 121, from the river Tyne to Solway Firth; 2. By the Emperor Antinonus, about 14 A. D., between the Firths of Forth and Clyde; 3. By the Emperor Severus, 207 A. D., near the wall of Hadrian.

152. They exacted tribute, carried away slaves to Rome, built towns, but could not introduce their language.

153. Between 300 and 400 years, until recalled about 420 A. D., to protect their own land from the Goths and other enemies.

154. The Caledonians remained independent of Rome, not only because they were brave, united and indomitable, but largely on account of the mountainous nature of the country, affording them safe and inaccessible retreats from their foes.

155. The Picts were the most northern Celts, the Scots were IrishCelts who settled in the western part of Britain, and finally conquering the Picts, the country was named Scotland from them.

156. Teutonic tribes inhabiting North-west Germany near the Baltic, who invaded Britain and subdued it.

157. Vortigern, who was elected king of South Britain.

158. They conquered the Caledonians, and also the Britains, from whom they took the country.

159. The name given to the seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms commenced in the fifth century.

160. Lasted until 827, when Egbert, king of Wessex, united the whole into one sovereignty, which marks the origin of the kingdom of England. 161. St. Ninian, St. Columba, St. Kentigern, and St. Augustine.

162. A British prince who made a noble but unavailing resistance to the third Roman invasion, A. D. 43.

163. A British princess who made a brave but ineffectual stand against the Romans, A. D. 62.

164. A Roman general and governor of Britain, A. D. 79.

165. The Romans gave that name to Ireland, which continued to be ruled by Celtic chiefs until merged by conquest with England.

166. The king of the Cymri, or Welsh, in the sixth century; made a resolute stand against Saxons. D. 542.

167. The ancient priests, judges and learned men of the Celts. 168. The island was divided into the provinces of Ulster, Munster, Leinster and Connaught, each having its own king, but each in some degree subject to the king of Meath, the central province.

169. A place in Meath where, it is said, the king resided, and an assembly or Parliament, was held once in three years. St. Patrick is said to have visited the place.