1. Where does Medieval History begin and end?

2. What is the meaning of the "Dark Ages?"

3. Explain how ecclesiastical power became vested in the bishop of Rome. 4. What very remarkable event occurred in the seventh century?

5. Explain the Feudal system, and how wars were conducted under that

system.

6. Explain the origin of the Crusades.

7. Who originated the first Crusade?

8. How did the Crusades finally end?

9. What received an impetus from the Crusades ?

10. What power greatly promoted the restoration of enlightenment and prosperity at the close of the "Dark Ages?"

11. Who was Belisarius?

12. Who was Narses?

13. Who was Totila?

14. Who was Heraclius?

15. Who was Clovis ?

16. Who was Charles Martel?
17. Who was Pepin the Short?
18. Who was Alcuin?
19. Who was Charlemagne ?
20. Who were the Saxons?

21. Who was King Arthur?

22. Who was Mohammed?

23. Who was Haroun al Raschid ?

24. Who was Otho the Great?

25. Who was Conrad of Swabia?

26. Who was Frederick Barbarossa?

27. How long did the Saxon kings hold the throne of England?

28. Who was the most noted king of England, and what was his character? 29. What forms the most prominent feature in the Saxon history of

England?

30. Who were the Danes, and how long did they reign in England? 31. The Saxon line was restored in the person of what king?

32. What were the differences in rank in Anglo-Saxon times?

33. At Edward's death, what two brothers fought for the crown of England?

34. Three weeks after the above battle, who landed in England?

35. What notable battle was fought between Harold and William the Conqueror?

36. What conquest forms a leading event in the history of England? 37. What effect did William's reign have on Saxon institutions?

38. When, and by whom, was the Tower of London built? Westminster Hall?

39. When was the present boundary of England and Scotland settled? 40. What notable incident occurred in the reign of William's son, Rufus? 41. How did the Plantagenet dynasty originate?

42. When was the Parliament of England first constituted?

43. In the twelfth and thirteenth centuries how were the Jews treated in

England?

44. When did the Stuart dynasty begin?

45. What claim did Edward III. make to France?

46. When was the battle of Poictiers fought?

For what were the following persons noted—

47. Malcolm,

48. David I.,

53. Richard I.,

59. Black Prince,

MEDIEVAL HISTORY, or Dark Ages.

ITS HEROES AND EVENTS.

HOME GULTURE

1. It is generally conceded to cover about a thousand years, beginning with the downfall of the Western Roman Empire, in 476 A. D., and closing with the Reformation in the sixteenth century.

2. The "Dark Ages" occurred in the early part of Medieval times, when the barbarian hordes swept over the civilized world, crushing out almost every vestige of learning and enlightenment.

3. "It is believed by Protestants that the papacy grew by a gradual assumption of power, out of an ordinary bishopric, through the advantage of metropolitan position and influence."-Chambers.

4. The origin and spread of Mohammedanism.

"Entire submission

to the will of Allah," their god, being the basis of the religion.

5. Rulers gave lands to their leaders on condition that they should serve them in times of war with men and money. The system commenced early in the ninth century.

6. The Holy Land was in the hands of infidels (Turks), who desecrated the temple and maltreated the pilgrims who visited there. Expeditions were undertaken to rescue Palestine from them.

7. Peter the Hermit, of France, an enthusiast, preached the first crusade in 1096, with wonderful success.

8. The Mohammedan chief, Saladin, gained Jerusalem, and allowed the pilgrims to go and come in peace.

9. Chivalry, or knight-errantry, which did much to obtain for women the honorable and courteous treatment they now enjoy in all Christian

countries.

10. Christianity. Through all the struggles and convulsions, learning and the arts were retained by the ecclesiastics, who, when peaceful times were restored, disseminated their knowledge to the populace.

11. He and Narses (Romans) were the two greatest generals of their age. He gained many notable victories over the Vandals and Goths both in Africa and Italy. Died full of honors, March, 564.

12. Roman statesman and general who defended Italy from the Alps to the Otranto. Appointed by Justinian Exarch of Italy. Died 586, aged 95. 13. King of the Goths, slain by Narses.

14. Emperor of Rome; defeated Khosru, the greatest Persian monarch, and broke the power of that kingdom. Saracens rose in power, burnt the famous library at Alexandria; seven weeks after which Heraclius died from grief and mortification.

15. Chief of Franks; invaded Gaul (France) and conquered most of it, founded new monarchy of which the capital was Paris, married Clotilda of Burgundy, embraced Christianity, gained many victories over the Alemanni (a German confederation). He founded the French monarchy A. D. 486.

16. A Frank who held office as "Mayor of the Palace." He met and completely subdued the Saracens near Tours, A. D. 732.

17. Successor of Charles Martel, who for bravery was placed on the throne of France, and founded the Carlovingian dynasty.

18. A Saxon, the most learned scholar of the age; instructed Charle

magne.

19. A wise and beneficent French king; ruled France and a large part of Germany. D. 814.

20. Germans, conquered and settled in the island of Britain in the fifth century.

21. British champion who repelled the Saxons in many notable instances. Flourished about 550 A. D.

22. Arab; declared himself prophet of God; persecuted, he fled to Medina 622 A.D., and Mohammedanism dates from that event. Led Saracen host against the Christian world.

23. Caliph (or king) of the Saracens, hero of the "Arabian Nights." He reigned at Bagdad from 786 to 808.

24. A noted Saxon Emperor of Germany; subdued Italy, received the Iron Crown of the Lombards at Milan, crowned emperor of the West, 962.

25. First Suabian Emperor of Germany; assisted in first crusade; reign noted as the beginning of civil wars between church and state (Guelphs and Ghibellines) which lasted nearly two centuries.

26. Nephew and successor of Conrad, wise and capable monarch, died in third crusade; regarded as the best and wisest of his race.

27. About two centuries (827-1026).

28. Alfred, who was one of the wisest and most virtuous kings that ever reigned; encouraged arts and literature, founded University of Oxford, repelled the Danes a number of times.

29. The constant struggles with the Danes, who were fierce and persevering invaders in the reigns of Edward, Athelstan, Ethelred, and Edmund Ironsides, successors of Alfred.

30. Warlike inhabitants of Denmark, who reigned in England during the lives of Sweyn, Canute, Harold, Hardicanute, of whom the most notable was Canute.

31. Edward the Confessor; a Saxon prince famous for piety.

32. There was an aristocracy-earls, thanes (landholders of high rank), and serfs (slaves).

33. Harold, son-in-law of Earl Godwin (most powerful nobleman), usurped the crown to the prejudice of Edward Atheling, and was fought by his brother Tostig, Sept. 25, 1066.

34. William, Duke of Normandy (France), who had been given the English crown by Edward.

35. The battle of Hastings, in which Harold was killed, and William was the conqueror.

36. The Norman conquest, which terminated the Saxon dynasty and introduced the Norman-French.

37. It introduced the Norman-French, which in time became blended with Anglo-Saxon; to the institutions were added the feudal usages, and the Saxon Thane was changed to that of Baron.

38. In 1078, by William the Conqueror; Westminster Hall commenced by Siebert, 610, and finished by Henry III., 1220.

39. With a few changes it dates from 1157, when Cumberland was attached to England.

40. The Crusades, which were begun on the Continent, in 1096.

41. A daughter of one of the Scottish monarchs married Henry I. of England, and their daughter, Matilda, married Geoffrey Plantagenet, whose son Henry was rightful heir, and took possession of the throne, on the decease of the usurper, Stephen, about 1135.