disputed the leadership of affairs with party chiefs, at one time being dictator, at another disgraced and exiled.

75. He rekindled civil war by proclaiming himself president for life, utter confusion followed for many years, during which wrongs were perpetrated on foreigners in Mexico resulting in the appearance of a fleet of English, Spanish and French in the gulf to enforce satisfaction. (1861.)

76. France, who held her ground, and in 1862 declared war against Juarez, the Mexican governor, promising the people perfect liberty. The French entered Mexico, June 10, 1863.

77. The French "assembly of notables" headed by General Almonte, offered the crown to him, which he accepted, landing in Mexico, June 29, 1863.

78. A decree threatening with death all found in arms against the established government. When the French troops were withdrawn from Mexico at request of the United States, Juarez raised the republican flag, Maximilian was tried by court martial, the charges resting upon his proclamation and the executions which followed, and he was shot, July 19, 1867.

79. It has been frequently disturbed by civil war; Lerdo de Tejada succeeded Juarez 1872, under whose able government the country remained quiet. Revolution broke out on his re-election, 1876, headed by Gen. Diaz, afterwards president, but was succeeded, in 1880, by M. Gonzales.

80. The leading points are alike, gain to conqueror and loss to conquered, varying according to the degree of civilization found among the natives.

81. He was ordered by Maximilian out of the country for seditious practices, and resided in the United States for some time; planned an expedition against Juarez, was taken prisoner and pardoned by Juarez, on condition of his leaving Mexico. Resided on Staten Island, N. Y., but returned to Mexico, where he died 1876.

82. In 1890 a revolution dethroned the Emperor, Dom Pedro II., and a republican constitution was adopted in February, 1891. In 1892, a rebellion broke out against the government involving, in 1893, almost all the navy. It was at length overcome in 1894.

83. In September, 1896, San Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua, united as the Greater Republic of Central America; Guatemala joined them in May, 1897.

179

THE PIONEERS OF THE SOIL.-SCENE ON THE UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD [Completed across the Continent, May 10th, 1869.]

1. Where was the first permanent settlement made in the United States? 2. When was the first permanent English settlement made in the United

States?

3. How many pilgrims came on the first voyage?

4. What distinguished man was one of these first settlers in Virginia? 5. How did the Dutch obtain Manhattan Island?

6. Where and when was the first Indian plot to massacre the English? 7. What did Capt. Smith give for his release from Powhatan?

8. Who was a noted missionary among the Indians?

9. Who thought the Indians were the lost tribe of the children of Israel? 10. What treaty was never sworn to, and never broken by the Indians? 11. What cause led to the Revolutionary war?

12. What was the Navigation Act?

13. What is The Charter Oak?

14. Explain the Stamp Act, and where passed.

15. Give the population of the Colonies at the time of the Revolution.

16. When and where was the first legislative assembly held?

17. Who introduced the resolution in Congress which led to American independence?

18. When did the first Provincial Congress meet?

19. What was the action of the first general Colonial Congress?

20. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

21. Who first signed the Declaration of Independence?

22. Which signer of the Declaration of Independence was lost at sea?

23. When was the Declaration of Independence adopted?

24. On what day of the week was Independence declared?

25. How many, and who signed the Declaration of Independence, and from what States?

26. Which was the first colony to adopt the Articles of Confederation? 27. Who made the first prayer in Congress?

28. What colonies did the United States include when the Constitution was

adopted?

29. Whom did Congress select to solicit aid from France during the

Revolutionary war?

30. What famous foreigners assisted America in the Revolution?

31. What was Gen. Lafayette's full name?

32. What did Congress vote to give Lafayette, as a reward for his services? 33. Lafayette laid the corner stone of what famous monument?

34. What Government vessel carried Lafayette home in 1825?

35. Why did Congress assemble at York and Lancaster, Pa.

36. Who commanded the British army at the commencement of the Revolution?

37. Who captured Andre, and what was their reward?

38. What did Arnold obtain for attempting to betray his country?

39. In what battle of the Revolution did a fog save the army?

40. What did England pay per head for the Hesssian soldiers in the Revolutionary war?

41. What General feigned sickness when desired to surrender his sword? 42. When and where were the first and last Revolutionary battles fought? 43. Who were appointed commissioners for the United States to conclude a treaty of peace with Great Britain, and where did they meet? 44. When was the treaty of peace signed?

45. What was the loss to Great Britain by the American Revolution? 46. What was the condition of the United States Government at that time?

47. When and by what nation was slavery introduced into the American Colonies?

48. State the first trouble relating to slavery and the claim of each section. 49. How was the slavery question temporarily compromised?

50. When and where was Washington inaugurated President?

51. Who administered the oath of office to Washington?

52. Who laid the corner stone of the United States Capitol?

53. Who delivered the funeral oration on the death of Washington?

54. How and by whose advice was the United States credit firmly estab

lished?

55. What difficulty occurred with France, and what prevented war? 56. How was Jefferson, the third President, elected?

57. What caused the war with England 1812, and when was peace

declared?

58. What event, disastrous to America, occurred at the beginning of the

war?

59. What battle of the war of 1812 was fought after peace was declared? 60. What was the cause of the war with Mexico?

61. Who commanded the American army during the Mexican war? 62. Explain terms of treaty which closed the Mexican war.

63. What was the Gadsden purchase?

64. What was the Fugitive Slave Law?

65. How many and which States passed the Ordinance of Secession in

1860 and 1861 ?

66. When and where was the first gun fired in the civil war?

67. When was the first blood shed in the civil war?

68. When was the first battle of iron ships?

69. Name some important battles won by the Union Army.

70. Name the most important battles won by the Confederates.

71. What hard battles were fought where neither army was successful?

72. When, and to whom, was Harper's Ferry surrendered?

73. What fierce battle was fought September 17, 1862?

74. What other battle of note the same year?

[take?

75. What Confederate General was killed by his own men through mis76. Who commanded the opposing armies at Gettysburg?

77. To whom did Lee and Johnson surrender at the close of the Civil War? 78. How long did the siege of Vicksburg last?

79. Around what city did Grant attempt to turn the Mississippi? 80. Who were sent to England and France in behalf of the South?

81. What order was issued by President Lincoln in retaliation of Jefferson Davis' letters of marque?

82. When and where was Jefferson Davis captured?

83. Who were Jefferson Davis' bondsmen ?

84. What General never lost a battle?

85. Who was the hero that sank the Confederate vessel "Albemarle ? 86. Were General Lee and his officers required to surrender their swords

at Appomattox?