The island of Puerto-Rico, in point of importance the second Spanish colony, possessed, in the year 1860, a population amounting to 583,308, thus divided :

Thus, the proportion of slaves was only one-eighth of the whole population. The exports of the island consisted, in 1860, of 60,000 tons of sugar, 23,604 quintals of tobacco, 15,924,524 lbs. of coffee, 296.696 lbs. of cotton, 43,445 puncheons of molasses, 1,254 puncheons of rum, 672,472 lbs. weight of hides, and 5,524 head of cattle the whole valuing 1,100,000l., of which 300,000l. went to England, or to its colonies in North America. During the same year, the value of imports amounted to 1,500,000l., of which 500,0007. worth came from Great Britain and the British colonies in North America.

Money, Weights, and Measures.

The money, weights, and measures of Spain, and the British equivalents, are as follows:

Anuario Estadistico de España, correspondiente á 1864 y 1865. 4. Madrid,

1865.

Censo de la Poblacion de España, segun el recuento verificado en 25 de diciembre de 1860 por la Junta General de Estadística. Publícase de órden de S. M. Fol. Madrid, 1863.

Coleccion Legislativa de Estadistica. Comprende una ojeada sobre la estadistica de los tiempos antiguos, un indice de las disposiciones referentes al ramo consignadas en los tomos de Decretos hasta la creacion de la Comision general,

otro de las que sobre la estadistica de los ramos que tienen á su cargo han dictado posteriormente á aquella época los diferentes centros de la administracion publica, y por ultimo las leyes, reales decretos, reales ordenes y disposiciones de la Comision (hoy Junta General de Estadistica) sobre los objetos de su instituto. Publicada por acuerdo de la misma Junta General de Estadistica. Madrid, 1862.

4.

Memoria presentada al Congreso de Diputados por la Comision Inspectora de las Operaciones de la Deuda Publica. Madrid, 1864.

Nomenclátor de los Pueblos de España, formado por la Comision de Estadistica General del Reino. Publícase de órden de S. M. Fol. Madrid, 1858. Reports by H. M.'s Consuls at Alicante, Barcelona, Carthagena, Malaga, &c., on the Trade and Commerce of Spain; in Commercial Reports received at the Foreign Office.' London, 1864.

8.

2. NON-OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS.

Andersen (Hans Christian), in Spanien. 8. Leipzig, 1865.

Codigo de Comercio, conforme á la edicion oficial, con notas y concordancias, por un abogado del Ilustre Colegio de Madrid. 32. Madrid, 1865.

Coello (Fr. de Lujan), Reseñas Geográfica, Geológica y Agricola de España. 8. Madrid, 1864.

Colmeiro (Manuel), Derecho Administrativo Español. 3rd ed. Vol. I. 4. Madrid, 1865.

Colmeiro (Manuel), Historia de la Economia Politica eu España. 2 vols. 8. Madrid, 1864.

Flores (Antonio), Crónica del Viaje de SS. MM. y AA. RR. á las islas Baleares, Cataluña y Aragon, en 1860; escrito de órden de S. M. la reina. 3rd. ed. Fol. Barcelona, 1862.

Fomentó (El), de España. Revista Universal de Agricultura. Fol. Madrid, 1865.

Garrido (Fernando), L'Espagne Contemporaine, ses Progrès Moraux et Matériels au 19me Siècle. Bruxelles, 1862.

Lestgarens (J.), La Situation Économique et Industrielle de l'Espagne en 1860. Bruxelles, 1861.

Polin (D. José Lopez), Diccionario Estadístico Municipal de España. 4. Madrid, 1863.

Vidal (J. L.), L'Espagne en 1860. État Politique, Administrative, Législative; Institutions Economiques; Statistique Générale de ce Royaume. 8. Paris, 1861.

Villa-Atardi (Baron de), Consideraciones sobre el Estado Administrativo y Económico de España. 4. Madrid, 1865.

SWEDEN AND NORWAY.

Reigning Sovereign and Family.

Charles XV., King of Sweden and Norway, born May 3, 1826, the son of King Oscar I. and of Queen Josephine, daughter of Prince Eugene of Leuchtenberg. In consequence of the prolonged illness of his father, appointed Prince Regent of Sweden and Norway by royal decree, September 25, 1857. Ascended the throne, at the death of King Oscar I., July 8, 1859; took the oath to the constitution of Norway, at Christiania, Oct. 6, 1859; crowned King of Sweden at Stockholm, May 3, 1860. Married, June 19, 1850, to

Louise, Queen of Sweden and Norway, born Aug. 5, 1828, the eldest daughter of Prince Frederick of the Netherlands, uncle of the reigning King of Holland. Offspring of the union is an only daughter, Louise, born Oct. 31, 1851, who, however, cannot succeed to the throne, as the Salic law is at present in force in Sweden and Norway.

Brothers and Sister of the King.-1. Oscar, Duke of Ostrogothia, born Jan. 21, 1829, the second surviving son of King Oscar I.; general in the armies of Sweden and Norway, and vice-admiral in the Swedish-Norwegian fleet. Married June 6, 1857, to Sophia, Princess of Nassau, born July 9, 1836, daughter of the late Duke William of Nassau. Offspring of the union are three sons; namely, Gustavus, Duke of Norland, born June 16, 1858; Charles, Duke of Gothland, born Nov. 15, 1859; and Oscar, Duke of Ostergothland, born Feb. 27, 1861. 2. Charlotte Eugenie, Princess of Sweden and Norway, born April 24, 1830. 3. Augustus, Duke of Dalecarlia, born Aug. 24, 1831, titular major-general in the army of Sweden and Norway.

King Charles XV. is the third sovereign of the House of Bernadotte, and grandson of General Bernadotte, Prince de Ponte Corvo, who was elected heir-apparent of the crown of Sweden, by the Parliament of the kingdom, Aug. 21, 1810, and ascended the throne Feb. 5, 1818, in the name of Charles XIV. The congress of Vienna united Norway to the Swedish crown, as a recompense of the eminent services of the heir-apparent against French supremacy in eastern and central Europe. The three generations of the family

of Bernadotte, on the throne of Sweden and Norway, have been acknowledged by all the constituted governments of the world; notwithstanding which, the descendants of the former monarchs of Sweden, of the House of Vasa, have not ceased to claim the crown. A solemn reservation of all the rights of his family was sent to the great European powers, by Prince Gustavus of Vasa, at the accession of King Oscar I. of Sweden, in 1844; and the same was repeated at the accession of King Charles XV., in 1859. The present chief of the family-son of King Gustavus IV. of Sweden, last sovereign of the house of Vasa-is

Gustavus, Prince of Vasa, born Nov. 9, 1799; field-marshal in the Austrian army, and colonel of the 60th Imperial regiment of infantry. Married Nov. 9, 1830, to

Louise, Princess of Baden, born June 5, 1811, daughter of the iate Grand-duke Ludwig of Baden. She died July 19, 1854, leaving offspring one daughter, Caroline, born Aug. 5, 1833, and married to Prince Albert, of Saxony, heir-apparent of the kingdom of Saxony. A sister of the Prince Gustavus of Vasa, Princess Sophia, born May 21, 1801, is widow, since 1852, of Grand-duke Leopold of Baden, predecessor of the now reigning Grand-duke.

The present sovereign of Sweden and Norway has a civil list of 1,230,000 rixdalers, or 266,500l. as King of Sweden, and 113,000 specie-dalra, or 24,510l., as ruler of Norway. The royal family, besides, has an annuity of 200,000 rixdalers, or 44,1677., voted, on the security of state domains, to King Charles XIV., for expending his private fortune in Swedish works of industry. King Charles XIV., at his death, left to his son property to the amount of eighty millions of francs, or more than three millions sterling. In the Swedish budget, the expenditure of the royal court is not included in the financial statement.

The following is a list of the kings and queens of Sweden, from the accession of the House of Vasa, or Ericson:

The average reign of the eighteen rulers who occupied the throne

of Sweden since the accession of Gustavus Ericson, amounted to nineteen years.

According to the conditions laid down at the Congress of Vienna, confirmed at the Peace of Kiel, Jan. 4, 1814, and accepted by the Norwegian Parliament Nov. 4, 1814, the personal union of the kingdom of Sweden and Norway is established on the following terms. While the government of the two countries is to be kept entirely separate, the action of the monarch over both shall be exercised through a Council of State, composed, in equal numbers, of Swedes and Norwegians. The law of succession shall be the same in both countries. In case of the minority of the king, his absence in foreign countries, his physical or mental incapacity, or any other temporary vacancy of the throne, the sovereign power is to be exercised by a Council of Regency, composed of ten Swedish and ten Norwegian state councillors, appointed by the Diets of the two countries. In case of absolute vacancy of the throne, the two Diets must assemble for the election of the future sovereign, and should they not be able to agree upon one person, an equal number of Swedish and Norwegian deputies have to meet at the city of Carlstadt, in Sweden, for the appointment of the king, this nomination to be absolute. Finally, it is laid down by the Act of the Vienna Congress that the personal union of the two kingdoms shall be indissoluble and irrevocable, without prejudice, however, to the separate government, constitution, and code of laws of either Sweden and Norway. Each therefore remains an independent kingdom.

I. SWEDEN.

Constitution and Government.

The fundamental laws of the kingdom of Sweden are-1. The Constitution or Regerings-Formen of June 6, 1809; 2. The regulations for the formation of the Diet of February 10, 1810; 3. The law of royal succession of September 26, 1810; and 4. The laws concerning the press of July 16, 1812. These fundamental statutes, as well as the privileges of the Rigsrad, or Diet, can only be changed by the unanimous consent of the whole of the four estates of the realm. According to these statutes, the king must be a member of the Lutheran Church, and have sworn fealty to the laws of the land. His person is inviolable. He has the right to declare war and make peace, and grant pardon to condemned criminals. He nominates to all appointments, both military and civil; concludes foreign treaties, and has a right to preside in the supreme Court of Justice. The princes of the blood royal, however, are excluded from all civil employments. The king has an absolute veto against any decrees of the Diet, and possesses legislative power in matters of provincial administration and police. In all other respects, the fountain of law

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