work is replete with erudition on the point in question, and goes to prove that the new states of America possess in themselves sufficient faculties and resources for the regulation of their spiritual interests, without concessions and concordats from the see of Rome, which he declares to be pregnant with danger to American freedom. Ensayo sobre el Hombre de Mr. Pope version del Ingles. Por el Dr. J. J. Olmedo. Lima. Pope's Essay on Man, translated from the English. By J. J. Olmedo. THIS is a free translation, and, in parts, a poetical exposition of the thoughts of Pope. It is a skilful performance in Spanish blank verse, and evidently from the pen of the able versifier of the Victory of Junin, a poem dedicated to Bolivar, and published in London and Paris. The translation of the Essay on Man proceeds no farther than the first epistle, and we hope soon to be gratified with the remaining three, the publication of which we presume to have been delayed by more important matters, Mr. Olmedo having been Peruvian Envoy in London. NECROLOGY. BOSELLINI. THE advocate Carlo Bosellini distinguished himself by his writings on subjects of legislation and political economy-topics seldom discussed by an Italian pen. In his Nuovo Esame delle Sorgenti della Publica, e della Privata Richezze, which, although long before prepared by its author, did not appear till 1816, it not being considered safe to publish it during the sway of Napoleon, he examines the theories of Smith and other political economists. He afterwards wrote various articles in the Antologia, &c., on similar questions; and opposed the doctrines of Sismondi and Malthus. Of civil liberty and religious toleration Bosellini was a warm, yet dispassionate, advocate. He was born at Modena, in 1765, and died on the 1st of last July. LOUIS FRANÇOIS CASSAS. Among those who have applied themselves to the investigation of the remains of ancient architecture, and have enthusiastically devoted themselves to the illustration of buildings and sites hitherto little known, this artist deserves a conspicuous place for those magnificent works on Istria and Syria, which have acquired for him the gratitude of every amateur in Europe. Combining a taste for landscape with that for architecture, his industrious and skilful pencil has delineated some of the most interesting scenery of the countries he explored, as well as many of the most splendid edifices that embellished them; while he has likewise, with no less ability and zeal, in some degree, made us amends for the ravages of time, by exhibiting the buildings themselves in what may be considered to have been their original. Cassas was born June 3d, 1756, at Azay-le-Feron; and after sedulously employing his youth in studying and delineating the antiquities of Sicily, Istria, and Dalmatia, accompanied to Constantinople, Choiseul Gouffier, by whom he was selected to make drawings for the continuation of his Voyage dans la Grèce. Shortly after he visited the opposite shores with M. Lechwallier, the author of the classical Voyage de la Troade. As soon as he had finished examining the region immortalised by Homer, he proceeded to Balbec and Palmyra, whose superb remains were then known to Europe only by Wood's publication. About the commencement of the Revolution he returned to France, laden with the interesting stores he had collected during so many years of unremit ted ted application; and the treasures of his portfolio attracted the curiosity, and obtained for him the admiration, of every lover of the fine arts and antiquity. His Voyage d'Istrie et de Dalmatie, by dispersing copies of his labours, rendered his name familiar to the artists of other countries. The extensive sale of his other work, Voyage en Syrie et en Phenicie, has prevented its completion, for although thirty parts have appeared, it is yet unfinished. In addition to these valuable labours, M. Cassas employed many years and considerable sums of money in forming a collection of architectural models in almost every style, which, with singular disinterestedness, he gave up to the imperial government for a trifling life-annuity. This highly interesting and valuable collection is now deposited in the Palais de l'Institut, until such time as a place shall be provided for it at the new Ecole des Beaux-Arts. M. Cassas died suddenly at Versailles, of a stroke of apoplexy, on the 1st of last November, in the seventy-second year of his age. DERESER. On the 16th of June, 1827, died Thaddeus Dereser, doctor of philosophy and theology, and professor at the University of Breslaw. He was born at Fahr, a small village in the kingdom of Wurtemberg, and pursued his studies at Wurzburgh and Heidelberg. In 1780, after taking orders at Mayenne, he taught philosophy and divinity at Heidelberg, whence he proceeded to the University of Bonn, and there received his degree, as doctor of divinity, in 1786. In 1791, he was appointed to a professorship at Strasburgh, but, on the breaking out of the French revolution, in 1793, was condemned to banishment, and afterwards to death, for refusing to abjure the priesthood. He escaped on the fall of Robespierre, and returned to Heidelberg, where he taught the oriental languages till 1806, when he was appointed to a chair at the University of Prezburgh. He soon, however, left his appointment, and resided sometimes at Karlsruh, sometimes at Lucerne, &c. He finally seemed to have procured a peaceable and permanent appointment, being named professor of divinity and canon at Breslaw, in 1815; but his unsettled character induced him to think of some other change, when he died, at the date above mentioned. F. G. FLECK. Saxony has to lament the loss of F. G. Fleck, Counsellor of the Supreme Law Court in Dresden, and Knight of the Royal Saxon Order of Civil Merit. This gentleman's ability and industry, as a scholar, author, and lawyer, entitled him to a place among the first men of his country. His juridical dissertations and treatises are numerous, and of the very highest authority among the Saxon lawyers. Since 1797 he was Member of the Supreme Law Court in the kingdom, a situation which he filled so as to secure the respect and veneration of his countrymen, as a just and fearless advocate of right. HASCHKE. We have lost the Nestor of German poets, Haschke, who died at the age of eighty-one years. He was professor and librarian at the University of Vienna, and united in friendly intercourse with Kant, Wieland, Herder, and Klopstock. His works have never been collected, but we have reason to hope that that duty will be performed by his friend and successor Mr. Deinhardstein. WILHELM HAUFF. The friend of the preceding, survived him but a very short time, for he expired soon after receiving the intelligence of the battle of Navarino; when, although then stretched on his death-bed, and nearly insensible, he started up, exclaiming, "This will be delightful news to Müller; I must hasten to him directly." Hauff, too, was a writer gifted with both sensibility and originality; although, it must be confessed, that his humour occasionally deviated into extravagance. His Mittheilungen aus den Memoiren aes Satan, and his Phantasienim Bremer Rathkeller, certainly display no ordinary talent; yet are more likely to be admired in Germany than in England; and in the latter he appears to have taken Hoffman for his model. In his latest production, a collection of tales, in two volumes, (1828,) that intitled Die Bettlerin von Pont des Arts, is one of great interest. WILHELM MULLER. On the 1st of October, 1827, this much-admired lyric poet died, within just a week of his thirty-third birth-day, being born October 7th, 1794. Although his parents were rather below the middling class, his father seconded, as far as was in his power, the native talent of young Müller, and bestowed on him a liberal education, in which, however, he was left to his own impulse; but this, although it might have proved injurious in one less favourably gifted by nature, tended only to give freer play to his genius, and that spirit of originality and independence, which are so conspicuous in his writings. Notwithstanding that he was thus induced to be excursive in his studies, he cannot be taxed with having been superficial; which may, perhaps, be attributed to his having subsequently attended the philological courses of Wolf, Solger, and other eminent professors. The war of 1813 called him from his studies to take up the sword; but in the succeeding year he again exchanged the latter for the pen. He now applied himself to the earlier German poets; and in 1816 appeared his Blumenlese aus den Minnesangern, accompanied with a Treatise on the Minnesangers; which, although it betrayed an immature critic, displayed also an original thinker. About the same time he translated from the English, Marlowe's Faustus. In 1817, he was invited by the Prussian ambassador, Baron von Sack, to accompany him on his travels to Italy, Greece, and Egypt; he proceeded, however, with his patron, no further than Rome; after which to Naples, and returned home through Florence and the Tyrol. His work, intitled Rom, Römerund Romerinnen, was the result of his observations in the Papal capital, and proves that he knew how to impart novelty to a subject apparently exhausted. But the production which first conferred on him celebrity, and which displays indisputable poetic talent, combined sometimes with sarcasm, at others with a delightful freshness and racy joviality of feeling, was his Gedichte aus den hinterlassen Papieren eines Reisenden Waldhornisten. To this succeeded his Lieder der Griechen, which must be allowed to be replete with as much energetic enthusiasm as the most zealous advocate of that oppressed people can desire. These productions obtained for him a place among the first of the lyrical poets of Germany simple in their style, melodious in their language, noble in their sentiments, it was no wonder that they captivated readers of all classes. Many tales and minor poetical productions of his pen are to be found in the Urania, and other German pocket-books; among which ought not to be forgotten the admirable tale of Debora, in the Urania for the present year. But he was likewise a contributor to many publications of a far higher class— to the Hermes, the Hallische Literatur Zeitung, and Ersch and Gruber's Encyclopædia; besides which, he edited the series of the German poets, intitled Bibliothek Deutscher Dich er des 17ten Jahrhunderts, and containing the best lyrical productions of that period. RENTZEL. On the 8th December, 1827, the highly respectable scholar and clergyman, Dr. H. Rentzel, died in Hamburgh. He was remarkably assiduous in the discharge of his ecclesiastical duties, and displayed great zeal in opposing the gloomy mysticism which had taken root in the latter years. He wrote several treatises and sermons, which amply attest his piety and learning; and, in 1823, he published a Grammar of the German Language. RHODE. RHODE. On the 23d August, 1827, died Dr. J. G. Rhode, also of Breslaw, known for his scientific researches in natural history and antiquities, especially relative to India and Bactaria. GERMAN MEDICAL INTELLIGENCE. THE fever, which afflicted in 1826 the towns of Sever, Gröningen, &c., and their vicinities, has been the subject of several medical works on the contitinent. Among others, we may mention: 1. Die Kurten Epidemie von 1826, insbesondere in Norderditmarschen. Eine medicinische Abhandlung von N. Dohrn Dr. und Physikus in Halle Altona 1827. 2. Historia Epidemiae Malignae anno 1826, Ieverae observatae Conscripta, F. A. L. Popken. Bremen 1827. 3. Beschreibung der epidemischen Krankheit zu Gröningen im Iahre 1826. Von E. S. Thomassen a Thuessink Dr. und Professor. Mit Vorrede and Anmerkungen von Dr. J. W. Gittermann. Bremen 1827. 4. Epidemia quae anno 1826, urbem Groningam adflixit in brevi conspectu posita a G. Baker, Prof. Med. Gröningen 1826. The author of No. 1 considered the fever as a splenitis epid. contagiosa, and conceives that the inundations were the cause of it, since the sea-water could not penetrate the clay, of which the ground all along the coast consists; and produced, in consequence, during the summer heat, those evaporations which infected the atmosphere. The author of No. 2 states, that the disease began with a tertiana phrenitica, which degenerated afterwards into a cholera perniciosa, and ended with assuming all the symptoms of a febris paludosa. He also considers stagnant sea-water as the cause of the fever, but he denies its having had a contagious character. The author of No. 3 coincides with No. 1, in considering the spleen as the seat of the disease; the inundations, the unusual heat of the summer, and the nature of the soil, are supposed to have given rise to the fever, which, in his opinion, was contagious. A sandy ground, which absorbed the sea-water, was remarked to be most advantageous to health. The author of No. 4 treated the fever as an intermittent typhus. The disease, in its acmé, was attended with strong fever, not a particularly quick pulse, great pains in the head, and along the spina dorsi, and the lower parts of the body, and violent vomitings. The best remedy was chrom. sulphur. About one-fourth of the population of Gröningen were seized by the fever, and 2448 died. It is remarkable, that in 1718-19 the same fever raged in these countries, and was also preceded by an inundation in the year 1717. In Haller's works, a Dissertatio de morbo Epidemico, anni 1719, written by Koker, gives an interesting account of it. CONTINENTAL LITERARY INTELLIGENCE. Berlin. Mr. A. von Humboldt has opened a course of Lectures on Physical Geography in this city. So great is the partiality of the public for these interesting lectures, that the halls are crowded to excess, and in that belonging to the Singing Academy, containing about 800 persons, the king, all the royal family, and the chief officers of state, civil and military, are constant and attentive auditors. In this hall, Mr. H. simplifies his Lectures on the Wonders of Nature, and gives a more scientific course in the hall of the University to the VOL. I. NO. II. 2 U the members of that establishment. From 500 to 600 persons can assemble in the last-mentioned saloon, and thus Mr. von Humboldt has about 1300 auditors. We do not hesitate to say that no scientific lectures were ever delivered with more spirit and genius, or listened to with more profound and respectful attention. Brussels. THE library of the celebrated Bollandists, consisting of several thousand volumes, among which 600 or 700 manuscripts, has been found again at Antwerp. It had been lost during the French revolution, and will now form again a part of the public library of Brussels. Copenhagen. THE first volume of the transactions of the Society of Ancient Northern Literature, contains a very learned and ingenious Essay of Mr. Rask, on Danish Orthography. Mr. Rask has in this work endeavoured, instead of a very vague and unsettled mode of spelling, which has hitherto been followed by his countrymen, (for it appears that not two of them spell alike) to introduce an orthography based on scientific principles, calculated to be steady and unalterable. He has shown that this may be effected without introducing any thing novel into the Danish orthographic system, but merely by adopting those amendments, which from time to time have been proposed by the most learned Danes. This, however, irritated the minds of some of his countrymen to such a degree, as hardly can be credited of a people so goodnatured and inoffensive as the Danes. What particularly hurt their feelings, was that instead of aa, by which the Danes were accustomed to express the same sound as we do by our a in the word all, he proposes to adopt the Swedish character å, which these neighbours of the Danes use for the same purpose. Mr. Rask, would tell them, that, though Swedish, this certainly was the most natural way of expressing a sound which was intermediate between a and o or rather, partook of both; he would show them it had been proposed a century ago, by a learned Dane; nay more, that this character was of genuine Danish origin, for he had found it in ancient Danish MSS. from an earlier period than its use in Sweden had been discovered; it was all to no purpose, the unfortunate a was nevertheless a Swedish character in their opinion, and that was enough to condemn it. They went so far as to make representations to his Danish Majesty about this affair; sly hints fell at court, about treason, or at least disaffection, against a gentleman of the most loyal and patriotic principles. We have reason to believe that one of the most clearheaded of monarchs was highly amused with the rather immoderate zeal of his loving subjects. Of course, Mr. Rask's system of orthography is the simplest and most scientific we ever saw; and applicable to many European languages besides the Danish. In no country are the novels of the great author of Waverley read, or, we may rather say, studied with more avidity than in Denmark. We have seen three translations of the same novel advertised the same day, in the Copenhagen "Adress Avis." We have heard a Professor of Divinity, in his class, recommend these novels most zealously to the students, as apt to impart to them that profound knowledge of man, which he said was so highly required by the clergyman. The students of Divinity are enjoined to read the greatest part of the Old Testament, in Hebrew, and the whole of the New Testament, in Greek, with exception of the Apocalypse. Thus the Waverley novels there go before the Apocalypse, as class-books of divinity students. If the author of Waverley were to appear on the coast of the Baltic, we little doubt he might, if he chose, like a new Occidental Odin, pass for a deity, among the enthusiastic Danes. Sir Walter, also, has had imitators in Denmark. Ehlneschlager, who, for a time, was called the chief poet of the kingdom |