ADAMS, John Q., United States minister at St. Petersburg, correspondence with the Russian government respecting American traders on the north-west coast, 275. Sec- retary of state of the United States; nego- tiations with Spain on the southern and western limits of the United States, 316. Correspondence with the Russian minister at Washington on the ukase of 1821, 332. Instructions to Mr. Rush, United States minister at London, on claims of the United States, in 1823, 340. President of the United States; message recommending the adoption of measures respecting Oregon,
Aguilar, Martin de, voyage and supposed discovery of a great river on the north-west coast, 91.
Alarcon, Hernando, voyage up the Californian Gulf and the Colorado River, 58. Aleutian Islands described, 39. Discovered, 135.
Alfaşka described, 36. Discovered, 132. America. This name first given to Brazil in
1508. Never used by Spanish government and historians until recently, 46. Anian, Strait of, said to have been discovered by Cortereal, probably the same now called Hudson's Strait, 45. Voyages in search of it, 76. See Urdaneta, Ladrillero, Mal- donado, Fonte, Vizcaino.
Archer, William S., his speech in the Senate of the United States on the bill for the Occupation of Oregon, 388. Arteaga, Ignacio, voyage, 125.
Ashley, William H., conducts trading ex-
peditions from St. Louis to the Rocky Mountain regions, 357.
Asiento de Negros, or treaty by which the British monopolized the slave trade of Spanish America, 99, 321.
Astoria established, 296. Described, 299- 313. Ceded to North-West Company, 303. Taken by British, 304. Restored to the United States, 309. Burnt, 313. See Pacific Fur Company.
Atlantis, Island, placed by Bacon on the north-west coast, 94.
Baranof, Alexander, governor of Russian America, his character, 271. Founds Sitka, 270. His mode of conducting negotiations, 302. Seizes part of California, 327. At-
tempts to seize one of the Sandwich Islands,
Becerra, Diego, voyage from Mexico by order of Cortes, 52. Benyowsky, Augustus, a Polish exile in Kamtchatka, performs the first voyage from that country to Canton, 138. Bering, Alexander, first voyage from Kam- tchatka to the Arctic Sea, 129. Second voyage, 129. Third and last voyage, 130. Reaches the American continent, 131. Shipwreck and death, 133.
Bering's Strait discovered, 129. Described, 4. Berkeley, Captain, rediscovers the Strait of Fuca; murder of part of his crew off Destruction Island, 171.
Billings, Joseph, engaged by the empress of Russia to explore the North Pacific, 162. His voyage produces, no valuable results,
Bodega y Quadra, Juan Francisco de, first voyage, under Heceta, from Mexico, along the north-west coast, 117. Importance of . his discoveries, 123. Second voyage, under Arteaga, 125. (See Maurelle.) Commis- sioner to treat with Vancouver at Nootka, 231. (See Nootka Convention.) Letter to Captains Gray and Ingraham, 242, 443. Death, 255.
Brobdignag, placed by Swift on the north- west coast, near Columbia River, 94. Broughton, William, sent by Vancouver to survey the lower part of the Columbia River, 247. Unfairness to the Americans, 248. Sent to England, 249. Commands an ex- ploring expedition in the North Pacific, 256. Finds Nootka Sound deserted, 257. Buchanan, James, secretary of state of the United States, negotiations with Mr. Pak- enham, minister of Great Britain at Wash- ington, 399, 400. Concludes treaty, settling the boundaries west of the Rocky Moun- tains, 402.
Bulfinch's Harbor described, 22. Discovered by Captain Gray, of Boston, 235. Examined by Vancouver's lieutenant, Whidbey, 246.
Caamano, Jacinto, voyage in the North-West Archipelago, 241. Cabeza-Vaca, Alvaro Nunez, journey from Florida to the Californian Gulf, 55. Cabot, John, and Sebastian, voyages, 45. Cabrillo, Juan Rodriguez, exploring voyage from Mexico, and death, 62. Calhoun, John C., his speech in the Senate
of the United States on the bill for the Occupation of Oregon, 383. Secretary of State of the United States negotiation with Mr. Pakenham, Minister of Great Britain.
California, origin of the name unknown, 55. California, Peninsula of, described, 13. Dis- covered; fruitless attempts of the Spaniards to settle, 88, 95. Jesuits engage to civilize the inhabitants, 96. Their partial success, 97. Their History of California, 98. pulsion of the Jesuits, 106. Ex- California, Continental, or New, described, 15. Discovered, 56. Settled by the Span- iards, 109. Claimed by Mexico, 317. At- tempted insurrections in, 367. California, Gulf of, or Vermillion Sea, or Sea of Cortes, described, 12. Discovered, 52. Examined by Ulloa, 56, and by Alarcon, 58. Canada, pretension that it extended to the Pacific, exposed, 159, 277.
Carver, Jonathan, travels in the central regions of North America, 141. Pretended discovery of a river called Oregon, flowing into the Pacific, 142. His accounts chiefly derived from old French travellers, 144. Cavendish, Thomas, voyage around world; takes and burns a Spanish ship near the coast of California, 76. Cermenon, Sebastian, wrecked on the coast of California, 66.
Cibola, a country or city north-west of Mexico, discovered by Friar Marcos de Niza, 59. Supposed position, 62. Expedi- tion of Vazquez de Coronado to conquer it,
Clarke. See Lewis and Clarke. Clarke River discovered, 287. Described, 23. Colnett, James, engaged by Meares to com- mand the Argonaut, 189. Made prisoner by the Spaniards at Nootka, and sent to Mexico, 195. Liberated by order of the viceroy of Mexico, 200. Colorado River described, 20. ered by Alarcon, 58. Columbia, American trading ship, fitted out at Boston, 179. Sails under Kendrick to the North Pacific, 180. Puts into Juan Fernandez in distress, 181. Reaches
Nootka Sound, 181. Sails for Canton and the United States, under Captain Gray, 200. Second voyage under Gray, 229. Winters at Clyoquot, 230. Discovery of the Columbia River, 235. See Gray and Vancouver.
Columbia River, (called, also, Oregon,) de- scribed, 21. Mouth seen by the Spanish commander Heceta, 120, 430. seeks for it in vain, and denies its existence, Meares 177; yet the British plenipotentiaries claim the discovery for Meares, 178, 440. Mouth seen by the American Captain Gray, 181. Gray first enters the river, 236. Lower part explored by the British Lieutenant Broughton, 247, who unfairly pretends to have discovered it, 248. covered by Lewis and Clarke, who trace the Head-waters dis- river thence to the sea, 285. Congress of the United States; Resolution for abrogating the Convention with Great Britain, 402.
Convention of 1790, between Great Britain and Spain, see Nootka Convention. Of 1818, between Great Britain and the United States, concluded, 315, 477. Renewed in 1827 for an indefinite period, 354. Reflec- tions on, 389. Of 1824, between the United States and Russia, concluded, 341, 478. Cook, James, undertakes a voyage of discov Virtually abrogated by Russia, 342. ery in the North Pacific; his instructions, 147. Discovers the Sandwich Islands, 150. Reaches Nootka Sound, 151. through Bering's Straits, 156. Killed at the Passes Sandwich Islands, 157. Importance of his discoveries, 158. Knew no particulars of the recent Spanish voyages, 149; though he knew that such voyages had been made,
Coronado, Francisco Vazquez, expedition from Mexico, to conquer the rich countries Cortereal, Gaspar, discovers Labrador; Strait supposed to lie farther north-west, 59. of Anian said to have been found by him, leading from the Atlantic north-west to the Pacific, 45.
Cortes, Hernando, conquers Mexico, and proposes to explore the coasts of that country, 48. Expeditions made by his order on the Pacific, 51. Leads an expedi tion into California, 53. Superseded in the government of Mexico, to which country he returns, 54. Claims the right to make conquests in America; returns to Spain, and dies, 58.
Dixon, George, voyage in the North Pacific, Douglas, William, master of the Iphigenia 169. Dispute with Meares, 218. voyage under Meares to the North Pacific, 172. Taken prisoner by the Spaniards at Nootka, 191. Released, 192.
Drake, Francis, voyage around the world? 70. Arrives in the North Pacific, and lands on the American coast, 71. Receives from the natives the crown of the country, which he calls New Albion, and returns to England, 72. Review of accounts of his voyage in the North Pacific, 73., Deception practised by his biographer Barrow, 75. Duffin, Robert, mate of Meares's vessel, enters Part of the coast probably seen by him, 76. the Strait of Fuca, 176. Testimony re- specting events at Nootka, 244.
Falkland Islands, dispute between Great Britain and Spain respecting them, 111. Lord Palmerston's letter to the minister of Buenos Ayres on the subject of their Fleurieu, Clairet de, his Introduction to the Fidalgo, Salvador, voyage of, 220. occupation by Great Britain, 111-313, 374. Journal of Marchand's voyage, 223. mits the discovery of the Washington or Ad- North Marquesas Islands by Ingraham, 228. Florida, the name applied originally by the
Spaniards to the whole eastern side of America, north of the Mexican Gulf, 53. Expeditions through it under Narvaez, 55, and Soto, 63. Ceded to the United States,
Fonte, Admiral, supposed voyage, in the North Pacific, by a person so named, 82. Forsyth, John, secretary of state of the United States, instructions respecting the meaning of the convention with Russia, 362. Endeavors to procure information respecting the north-west coast, 376. Fox, Charles J., his speech in Parliament on the Nootka convention, 212. Fremont, John C., captain in the army of the United States exploring expedition to Oregon and California, 386.
Fuca, Juan de, voyage in the North Pacific, and supposed discovery of a new passage leading to the Atlantic, 85, 407. Fuca, Strait of, described, 22. Discovered by Juan de Fuca, 85. Search for it by Heceta, 119. By Cook, 150. Found by Berkeley, 171. Rediscovery claimed by Meares, 175. Entered by Gray, 199, 234. Kendrick passes through it, 200, 217. Surveyed by Vancouver, and Galiano, and Valdes, 238.
Furs and fur trade, general account, 411. See Russian American Company, Hud- son's Bay Company, and North-West Company.
Gallatin, Albert, minister plenipotentiary of the United States at London; negotiations at London, 314, 344. Counter statement respecting the claims of the United States, presented by him to British commissioners, 347, 455.
Gali, Francisco, his voyage, 66.
Galiano and Valdes, their voyage through the Strait of Fuca, 240. Journal published by the Spanish government; Introduction to that Journal reviewed, 241. Gray, Robert, first voyage to the North Pacific, in command of the trading sloop Washington, from Boston, 180. Sees an opening supposed to be the mouth of the Columbia River, 181. First examines the east coast of Washington's or Queen Charlotte's Island, 199. Enters the Strait of Fuca, 200. Returns to Boston in the ship Columbia, 200. Second voyage to the North Pacific, in the Columbia, 226, 229.
Meets Vancouver near the entrance of the Strait of Fuca, and makes known his discovery of the mouth of a great river, 233. Discovers Bulfinch's Harbor, 235. Enters the great river, which he names the Columbia, 236. Makes known his dis- covery to the Spanish commandant at Nootka, 237. Letter of Gray and Ingraham to the Spanish commandant, respecting the occurrences at Nootka in 1789, 242, 413. Returns to the United States, 237. Great Britain obtains Canada, Florida, and East Louisiana, by the treaty of Paris,
Harmon, D. W., important evidence afforded by him respecting the first trading posts established by the British west of the Rocky Mountains, 291. Hawaii. See Owyhee. Hearne, Samuel, discoveries in the territory west of Hudson's Bay, 145. Reaches the Arctic Sea, at the mouth of Coppermine River, 146.
Heceta, Bruno, voyage along the north- west coast of America, in 1775, 117. Dis- covers a river, called by him Rio de San Roque, now known as the Columbia,
Howel's account of the negotiation at Nootka, between Vancouver and Quadra,
Hudson, Henry, discovers Hudson's Bay, 94. Hudson's Bay Company established by charter, 98. Efforts to discover a north- west passage, 141. Disputes with the North-West Company, 260, 324. Union of these two companies, 326. Receives a grant of exclusive trade in the Indian terri- tories, 326. General view of its system and establishments, 397. Papers relating to it, 465.
Hudson's Strait, probably the same called by the Portuguese the Strait of Anian, 45. Hunt, Wilson P., chief agent of the Pacific Fur Company, 295. His negotiations with Governor Baranof at Sitka, 302.
Ingraham, Joseph, mate of the ship Columbia, in her first voyage from Boston to the north-west coast, 180. Returns to the Pacific as master of the brig Hope, and discovers the Washington or North Mar- quesas Islands, 226. At the Sandwich Islands, 227. At Queen Charlotte's Island, 227. At Macao, where he meets Marchand, and communicates his discovery of the Washington Islands, the priority of which is admitted by Marchand and Fleurieu, 228. At Nootka, where he writes a letter, signed by himself and Gray, respecting the pro- ceedings at that place in 1789, 242. Copy of that letter, 414. Unfair synopsis of it by Vancouver, 244. His journal, 231. His death, 237.
Jesuits undertake the reduction of California, 96. Their system and establishments, 97. Their History of California, 98. Expelled from the Spanish dominions, 106. Results of their labors in California, 107. Jesup, Thomas S., quartermaster-general of the United States; report on the best means of occupying Oregon, 336. Effect of that report on the negotiations in Europe,
Jewitt, J. R., his captivity among the Indians at Nootka, 268.
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