*

*

souri there were sharp political contests | write the conditions of reannexation to the between the friends of secession and of defunct Union, I would scornfully spurn the Union. Ultimately the Unionists tri- the overture. * I invoke umphed in Maryland, Kentucky and Mis- you, and I make it in some sort a personal souri-in the latter state by the active aid appeal-personal so far as it tends to our of U. S. troops-in Maryland and Ken- assistance in Virginia-I do invoke you, tucky by military orders to arrest any mem-in your demonstrations of popular opinion, bers of the Legislature conspiring to take in your exhibitions of official intent, to their states out. In Tennessee, the Union give no countenance to this idea of reconmen, under the lead of Andrew Johnson, struction. [Many voices, emphatically, Governor ("Parson") Brownlow, Horace Never,' and applause.] In Virginia they Maynard and others, who made a most gal- all say, if reduced to the dread dilemma of lant fight to keep the state in, and they had this memorable alternative, they will esthe sympathy of the majority of the people pouse the cause of the South as against the of East Tennessee. The Secessionists took interest of the Northern Confederacy, but Virginia out April 17th, and North Caro- they whisper of reconstruction, and they lina May 20th. The leading Southerners say Virginia must abide in the Union, with encouraged the timid and hesitating by the idea of reconstructing the Union which saying the North would not make war; you have annihilated. I pray you, gentlethat the political divisions would be too men, rob them of that idea. Proclaim to great there, and they were supported in this the world that upon no condition, and view by the speeches and letters of lead-under no circumstance, will South Carolina ers like Clement L. Vallandigham. On ever again enter into political association the other hand they roused the excitable with the Abolitionists of New England. by warlike preparations, and, as we have [Cries of 'Never," and applause.] stated, to prevent reconsideration on the part of those who had seceded, resolved to fire upon Sumter. Beauregard acted under direct instructions from the government at Montgomery when he notified Major Anderson on the 11th of April to surrender Fort Sumter. Anderson replied that he would evacuate on the 15th, but the original summons called for surrender by the 12th, and they opened their fire in advance of the time fixed for evacuation-a fact which clearly established the purpose to bring about a collision. It was this aggressive spirit which aroused and united the North, and made extensive political division therein impossible.

The Southern leaders, ever anxious for the active aid of the Border States, soon saw that they could only acquire it through higher sectional excitement than any yet cultivated, and they acted accordingly. Roger A. Pryor, in a speech at Richmond April 10th, gave expression to this thought, when he said in response to a serenade:"Gentlemen, I thank you, especially that you have at last annihilated this accursed Union, [applause,] reeking with corruption, and insolent with excess of tyranny. Thank God, it is at last blasted and riven by the lightning wrath of an outraged and indignant people. [Loud applause.] Not only is it gone, but gone forever. [Cries of You're right,' and applause.] In the expressive language of Scripture, it is water spilt upon the ground, which cannot be gathered up Applause.] Like Lucifer, son of the morning, it has fallen, never to rise again. [Continued applause. For my part, gentlemen, if Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin tomorrow were to abdicate their offices and were to give me a blank sheet of paper to

"Do not distrust Virginia. As sure as to-morrow's sun will rise upon us, just so sure will Virginia be a member of this Southern Confederation. [Applause.] And I will tell you, gentlemen, what will put her in the Southern Confederation in less than an hour by Shrewsbury clock-STRIKE A BLOW! [Tremendous applause.] The very moment that blood is shed, old Virginia will make common cause with her sisters of the South. [Applause.] It is impossible she should do otherwise."

Warlike efforts were likewise used to keep some of the states firmly to their purpose. Hon. Jeremiah Clemens, formerly United States Senator from Alabama, and a member of the Alabama Seceding Convention who resisted the movement until adopted by the body, at an adjourned Reconstruction meeting held at Huntsville, Ala., March 13, 1864, made this significant statement :

One

Mr. Clemens, in adjourning the meeting, said he would tell the Alabamians how their state was got out of the Union. “In 1861," said Mr. C., " shortly after the Confederate Government was put in operation, I was in the city of Montgomery. day I stepped into the office of the Secretary of War, General Walker, and found there, engaged in a very excited discussion, Mr. Jefferson Davis, Mr. Memminger, Mr. Benjamin, Mr. Gilchrist, a member of our Legislature from Loundes county, and a number of other prominent gentlemen. They were discussing the propriety of immediately opening fire on Fort Sumter, to which General Walker, the Secretary of War, appeared to be opposed. Mr. Gilchrist said to him, 'Sir, unless you sprinkle blood in the face of the people of Alabama they will be back in the old Union in less

than ten days!' The next day General | violation of the laws of the country, and Beauregard opened his batteries on Sumter, to this war upon the liberties of a free peoand Alabama was saved to the Confed-ple. You can get no troops from North eracy." Carolina. I will reply more in detail when

When the news flashed along the wires your call is received by mail." that Sumter had been fired upon, Lincoln immediately used his war powers and is-plied, April 15: sued a call for 75,000 troops. All of the northern governors responded with promptness and enthusiasm; but this was not true of the governors of the southern states which at that time had not seceded, and the Border States.

Governor MAGOFFIN, of Kentucky, re

We take from McPherson's admirable condensation, the evasive or hostile replies of the Governors referred to, and follow it with his statement of the military calls and legislation of both governments, but for the purposes of this work omit details which are too extended.

militia. Wednesday, September 3, was subsequently fixed for the draft.

May 8, 1863-Proclamation issued, defining the relations of aliens to the conscription act, holding all aliens who have declared on oath their intention to become citizens and may be in the country within sixty-five days from date, and all who have declared their intention to become citizens and have voted.

June 15, 1863 One hundred thousand men, for six months, called to repel the invasion of Maryland, West Virginia, Ohio, and Pennsylvania.

October 17, 1863-A proclamation was issued for 300,000 volunteers, to serve for three years or the war, not, however, exceeding three years, to fill the places of those whose terms expire "during the coming year," these being in addition to the men raised by the present draft. In States in default under this call, January 5, 1864, a draft shall be made on that day. February 1, 1864-Draft for 500,000 men for three years or during the war, ordered for March 10, 1864.

March 14, 1864-Draft for 200,000 additional for the army, navy and marine corps, ordered for April 15, 1864, to supply the force required for the navy and to provide an adequate reserve force for all contingencies.

April 23, 1864-85,000 one hundred day men accepted, tendered by the Governors of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, and Wisconsin; 30,000, 20,000, 20,000, 10,000 and 5,000 being tendered respectively.

UNION MILITARY LEGISLATION.

many as may be presented for the purpose.

1863, February 7—Authorized the Governor of Kentucky, by the consent and under the direction of the President, to raise twenty thousand volunteers, for twelve months, for service within the limits of the State, for repelling invasion, suppressing insurrection, and guarding and protecting the public property-two regiments to be mounted riflemen. With the consent of the President, these troops may be attached to, and become a part of, the body of three years' volunteers.

1863, March 3-The conscription act passed. It included as a part of the national forces, all able bodied male citizens of the United States, and persons of foreign birth who shall have declared on oath their intention to become citizens under and in pursuance of the laws thereof, between the ages of twenty-one and fortyfive years, except such as are rejected as physically or mentally unfit for the service; also, the Vice President, the judges of the various courts of the United States, the heads of the various executive departments of the Government, and the Governors of the several States; also, the only son liable to military service, of a widow dependent upon his labor for support; also, the only son of aged or infirm parent or parents, dependent upon his labor for support: also, where there are two or more sons of aged or infirm parents, subject to draft, the father, or if he be dead, the mother, may elect which son shall be exempt; also, the only brother of children not twelve years old, having neither father nor mother, dependent upon his labor for support; also, the father of motherless children under twelve years of age, dependent upon his labor for support; also, where there are a father and sons in the same family and in-household, and two of them are in military service of the United States as non-commissioned officers, musicians, or privates, the residue of such family; provided that no person who has been convicted of any felony shall be enrolled or permitted to serve in said forces. It divided the forces into two classes: 1st, those between twenty and thirty-five and all unmarried persons above thirty-five and under forty-five; 2d, all others liable to military duty. It divided the country into districts, in each of which an enrollment board was established. The persons enrolled were made subject to be called into the military service for two years from July 1, 1863, and continue in service for three years. A drafted person was allowed to furnish an acceptable substitute, or pay $300, and be discharged from further liability under that draft. Persons failing to report, to be considered deserters. All persons drafted shall be assigned by the President to military duty

1861, July 22-The President was authorized to accept the services of volunteers, not exceeding five hundred thousand, for a period not exceeding three years. July 27, this authority was duplicated.

1861, July 27-Nine regiments of fantry, one of cavalry, and one of artillery, added to the regular army.

August 5-Passed bill approving and legalizing the orders of the President respecting the army and navy, issued from 4th of March to that date.

1862, July 17-Authorized the President, when calling forth the militia of the States, to specify the period of such service, not exceeding nine months; and if by reason of defects in existing laws or in the execution of them, it shall be found necessary to provide for enrolling the militia, the President was authorized to make all necessary regulations, the enrollment to include all able bodied male citizens between eighteen and forty-five, and to be apportioned according to representative population. He was authorized, in addition to the volunteers now authorized, to accept 100,000 infantry, for nine months; also, for twelve months, to fill up old regiments, as

in such corps, regiments, or branches of the service as the exigencies of the service may require.

each loyal person to whom a colored volunteer may owe service a just compensation, not exceeding three hundred dollars, for 1864, Feb. 24-Provided for equalizing each such colored volunteer, payable out the draft by calculating the quota of each of the fund derived from commutadistrict or precinct and counting the num- tions, and every such colored volunteer ber previously furnished by it. Any per- on being mustered into the service shall be son enrolled may furnish an acceptable free. And in all cases where men of color substitute who is not liable to draft, nor, have been enlisted, or have volunteered in at any time, in the military or naval ser- the military service of the United States, vice of the United States; and such per- all the provisions of this act so far as the son so furnishing a substitute shall be ex- payment of bounty and compensation are empt from draft during the time for which provided, shall be equally applicable, as to such substitute shall not be liable to draft, those who may be hereafter recruited. But, not exceeding the time for which such sub- men of color, drafted or enlisted, or who stitute shall have been accepted. If such may volunteer into the military service, substitute is liable to draft, the name of while they shall be credited on the quotas the person furnishing him shall again be of the several States, or sub-divisions of placed on the roll and shall be liable to States, wherein they are respectively draftdraft in future calls, but not until the pre-ed, enlisted, or shall volunteer, shall not sent enrollment shall be exhausted. The be assigned as State troops, but shall exemptions are limited to such as are re- be mustered into regiments or companies jected as physically or mentally unfit for the as United States colored troops." service; to persons actually in the military 1864, Feb. 29-Bill passed reviving the or naval service of the Government, and grade of Lieutenant General in the army, all persons who have served in the military and Major General Ulysses S. Grant was or naval service two years during the pre-appointed March 2d. sent war and been honorably discharged therefrom.

The separate enrollment of classes is repealed and the two classes consolidated.

Members of religious denominations, who shall by oath or affirmation declare that they are conscientiously opposed to the bearing of arms, and who are prohibited from doing so by the rules and articles of faith and practice of said religious denomination, shall when drafted, be considered non-combatants, and be assigned to duty in the hospitals, or the care of freedmen, or shall pay $300 to the benefit of sick and wounded soldiers, if they give proof that their deportment has been uniformly consistent with their declaration.

No alien who has voted in county, State or Territory shall, because of alienage, be exempt from draft.

"All able-bodied male colored persons between the ages of twenty and forty-five years, resident in the United States, shall be enrolled according to the provisions of this act, and of the act to which this is an amendment, and form part of the national forces; and when a slave of a loyal master shall be drafted and mustered into the service of the United States, his master shall have a certificate thereof; and thereupon such slave shall be free, and the bounty of one hundred dollars, now payable by law for each drafted man, shall be paid to the person to whom such drafted person was owing service or labor at the time of his muster into the service of the United States. The Secretary of War shall appoint a commission in each of the slave States represented in Congress, charged to award to

1864, June 15-All persons of color shall receive the same pay and emoluments, except bounty, as other soldiers of the regular or volunteer army from and after Jan. 1, 1864, the President to fix the bounty for those hereafter mustered, not exceeding $100.

1864, June 20-The monthly pay of privates and non-commissioned officers was fixed as follows, on and after May 1:

Sergeant majors, twenty-six dollars; quartermaster and commissary sergeants of Cavalry, artillery, and infantry, twentytwo dollars; first sergeants of cavalry, artillery, and infantry, twenty-four dollars; sergeants of cavalry, artillery, and infantry, twenty dollars; sergeants of ordnance, sappers and miners, and pontoniers, thirtyfour dollars; corporals of ordnance, sappers and miners, and pontoniers, twenty dollars; privates of engineers and ordnance of the first class, eighteen dollars, and of the second class, sixteen dollars; corporals of cavalry, artillery, and infantry, eighteen dollars; chief buglers of cavalry, twentythree dollars; buglers, sixteen dollars; farriers and blacksmiths, of cavalry, and artificers of artillery, eighteen dollars; privates of cavalry, artillery and infantry, sixteen dollars; principal musicians of artillery and infantry, twenty-two dollars; leaders of brigade and regimental bands, seventyfive dollars; musicians, sixteen dollars; hospital stewards of the first class, thirtythree dollars; hospital stewards of the second class, twenty-five dollars; hospital stewards of the third class, twenty-three dollars."

July 4-This bill became a law:

Be it enacted, &c. That the President of

2d. The President was authorized to re-printed: ceive from the several States the arms and munitions of war which have been acquired from the United States.

3d. He was authorized to receive into Government service such forces in the ser