RULES AND ABBREVIATIONS 1. Tye.-Headings printed in bold Clarendon type (e.g. ALEPP)) represent article headings in the Encyclopædia, and the firs cfcrence under every such heading is to the article in questio All rferences show (1) the volume in bold Clarendon figures; (2) th page in light face type; (3) the exact quarter of the page y means of the letters a, b, c, d, signifying respectively the upper and lower halves of the first and second columns, es A (letter) 1-la. In geographical references these letters are placed by an indication of the map square in the usual form, g. "(B4)." A rule or dash (-) denotes the repetition of the preceding heading, or of its first separate word. Hyphened words are treated as single words. Headings in italic type denote books, newspapers, or periodicals. Quotation marks are used for pictures, ships, statues, race horses and separate poems or musical compositions. II. Alphabetization. All titles, whether consisting of a single word or of more than one, and if of more, whether hyphened or not, are treated for the purpose of alphabetization as single complete headings. In the majority of cases the same rule applies to inverted headings. Surnames followed by Christian names and geographical headings like " Wycombe, High " are exceptions. An epithet or phrase in parentheses is not treated Australia Columbia, District of Delaware department Devonshire dictionary heading district INDEX TO THE ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA ELEVENTH EDITION iv, Switz. (Schwyz) 24395b. riv., Switz. (Unterwalden) 26-242 (E3). riv., Switz. (Zürich) 26-242 (F2). -(bird) 13-86b. To make full use of this Index it is essential to read the Aamno, isl., Nor. 19-800 (C2). -, mt., Scot. (Perth.) 24-412 (C2); 21-262a. - mt., Scot. (Perth.): see Am Binnein. Aanrud, Hans 19-817d. (E2). Aarberg, Switz. 26-242 (C2). Aarburg, Switz. 26-242 (D2); 1-3d. Aardal, Nor. (Bergenhus) 19804 (B2). Nor. (Stavanger) 19-804 28-965c. AARD-VARK 1-3b; 8-928a; (geol.)16-290a; 13-84b; 28- Aarestrup, Carl Ludwig Emil 181d. 8-42d. AARGAU (Argovie), canton, see Ober , Ober, Switz.: -,county, Den. 8-23b. Aakre Fjord, Nor. 19-804 (B3). Aarlen, Belg.: see Arlon. Aal, Nor. 19-804 (C2). AAL (plant) 1-2b. AALBORG, Den. 1-2b; (B1); fire 10-401d. bay, Den. 8-24 (C1). 8-24 ,co., Den. 8-24 (B2); 6 368c; climate 8-24c. Aalbu, Nor. 19-804 (C1). AALEN, Ger. 1-2c; 11-808 (C4). Aalénien (geol.) 3-225d. Aarö, Ger. 8-24 (B3). (of Lincoln) 16-712a; 16- the younger 13-172c. P. P. 23-846b. Vasile 23-847b. Aartsen, Pieter: see Aertszen. | Aarvaag, Nor. 19-804 (C1). Aarwangen, Switz. 26-242 (D2) Aas, Nor. 19-804 (D2); 19804c. AASEN, IVAR 1-4d; 19-816d; Aaseral, Nor. 19-804 (B3). riv., Nor. 19-804 (D2). - (calculating instrument) 1- AALESUND, Nor. 1-2c; 19- Aaron (Mormon priesthood) Abahuni princes: 804 (B1). 18-847c; 18-843b. vanid dynasty. Aalfot Brae, Nor. 19-804 (A2). "Aaron Manby" (ship) 24- Abai, Bor. 4-257 (C1). Aalhus, Nor. 19-804 (B2). Aalsmeer, Holl. 13-588 (B2). Aalso, Den. 8-24 (C2). Aalst: see Alost. Aalten, Holl. 13-588 (D3). Aalui: see Barotse Aamli, Nor. 19-804 (C3). 869a. Aaronsburg, Pa. (G-H4). 21-106 AARON'S ROD (dict.) 1-4c. Gr.: see Abae. Abakan Steppe, Sib. 28-914d; - Tatars: see Sagai Tatars. Abalone, pt., Cal. 5-8 (A-B2). 1-60: Abananzwa, tribe 23-262a, Abancay, Peru 21-264 (C4); 2-236d. ABANCOURT, C. X. J. d' 1-6d. Abanda, Camer. 5-110 (A3). ABANDONMENT 1-6d; 14678d. ABANO, PIETRO d' 1-7a; 21551b. ABANO BAGNI, It. 1-7b; 15-4 -, Leo 21-585a. see Mer- Abashangwe, tribe 23-262a. lake, Aby. 1-83 (map); 19- Abasia, Cauc.: see Abkhasia. Abasili, tribe 23-262a. Abasolo, Mex. 18-318 (F2). Abassia, Cauc. : khasia. see Ab Abassi cotton 7-257d; 7-266c. ABBAS ABATEMENT 1-7c; income tax 14-356b; nuisance 19 846a; pleading 21-833a; writ of, 28-850a. see UmAba-Tetwa, tribe: tetwa. Abathur (Mandaean system) 17-555d. ABATI, NICCOLO 1-7d; 10606d. ABATIS 1-7d; 10-722a. Abaton: Epidaurus 2-666a. Rhodes 9-688a. Abattoir: see Slaughter-house. Abatwa (Bushmen) 4-871a. Abauj-Torna, county, Hung. 3-4 (G2). ABAUZIT, FIRMIN 1-8a. Abaxile (bot.) 11-259d. Abaya, lake, Aby.: see Abai, lake. ABAYE (Babylonian amora) ABBA ARIKA (Babylonian Abbadia, Fr. 19-957a. see Abba Jared, mt., Aby. 1-84b. 1-9d; 9-113a; 26-104a. ABBAS II. (khedive of Egypt) 1-9d; 9-116b; coast railway 9-26b; Sinai peninsula 9-118c. 1-10a; ABBAS I. (shah of Persia) 21-231c; Ardebil library 2-449c; Armenian invasion 2-566c; Ashref rebuilt 2-7330; defeat by Baki Mehemet Khan 4-157b; improvements at Isfahan 14-868b, 14-869d, 15-684a; Kamali's poem 21-249d; Meshed shrine 18-178a; pottery 5-727b; presenta tion to Tsar Boris 26-891d. II. (shah of Persia) 21232b; palace, Isfahan 14868b. - III. (shah of Persia) 212330. b. Walid I. 5-38a. Castrensis 1-25b. Efendi 3-94d. generalis 1-23d. instructions given on Page 1. (III. B3); 13-357d. Abbeydorney, Ire. 14-744 (B4). Abbeyleix, Ire. 14-744 (D4). Abbey St. Bathan's, Scot. 24412 (F4). Abbeyshrule, Ire. 14-744 (D3); 16-980d. 5- Abbeyside, Ire. 8-680a. Hilmi see Abbas II. Abbasi (sheikh) 26-104a. Abbasi, dist., Pers. 10-190a. Abbasi (weight) 21-198c. Abbasia, Egy. 4-952 (C2); 4955b; British occupation 9121d. ABBASIDS 1-10b; 5-39d; Arabia 2-267a; coinage 19904c; Egypt 9-93c, 9-99d; Greek culture 2-277d; green colour adopted (817) 5-46d; Mahommedan institutions and law 17-412b; Mongols 18-714a; Persia 21-224d; religion 17-421d; scholarship 6-450c; Spain 1-31b. Abbas Kuli (Persian chief) 21-242a. -MIRZA 1-10d; tomb 18178b; Russian war (1800) 21-238d; Turkish war 21239c. populi 1-25b. ABBAS-TUMAN, Russ. 1-10d; 23-874 (C3). Abbate (Abbato), Nicolo dell': see Abati. Abbattis see Abatis. Abbaye, point, Mich. 18-372 (B3-C2). Abbaye-aux-Bois, Paris 12561d. Abbaye-aux-Dames, l' (church) (church), Fr.: see St. Abbaye-Blanche (convent), Fr. 18-875a. ABBAZIA, Aus. 1-10d; 3-4 (D4). Abbe, Cleveland 18-279d; 18277a; nephoscope 18-278 (figs.). -, E. aberration 1-57c; apertometer of 18-406c; binocular 3-950c; diffraction plate 18-398b; glassmaking 12-88b; lenses 18-401d, 16-422a, 1-60c; refractometer 23-26b; resolving power 8-243d. -Abbé (title) 1-25c. Abbebad, lake, N.E.Afr. 9745d. Abbé chevalier 1-25c. commendataire 1-25c. Abbé Constantin, L' 12-836b. commendataire. -de sainte espérance: Abbé commendataire. Abbé see Abbedun, Berks.: see Abing don. Abbenes, Holl. 12-782a. Abbeystead, Lancs. 9-416 (II. Abbeystrowry, Ire. 25-187c. Abbiategrasso, It. 15-4 (B2)., Abbogada pear: see Avocado, pear. Abbon (of Poitiers) 21-898c. ABBON OF FLEURY 1-22a, 6-451d. Abbot, Charles: see Colchester, Charles Abbot, 1st baron. C. G. 18-267a; 26-87c. EZRA 1-22b. -, GEORGE (archbishop) 122c; separatism 6-932c. -, GEORGE (author) 1-23a. ROBERT 1-23a. Samuel 5-96c. WILLIAM 1-23c. Abbot, Me. 17-434 (C3). -, bay, Austr. 2-960 (H3). ABBOT 1-23c; duties 3-720c; election 9-478d, 9-483a; knighthood 15-858a; mitre 1-24a, 18-626a; ordination 20-185c. Abbot Academy 1-967a. Abbot of Unreason 18-580a. Abbots' Bromley, Staffs. 9 416 (II. D4); 13-708d; 25758c. Abbotsburn, Scot. 12-81 (map). Abbotsbury, Dorset 9-420 (III. B5); geol. 7-132a, 8-435a; gild 12-14c. Abbotsford, Queens. (G5). Wis. 28-740 (C4). ABBOTSFORD, Abbeokuta,, Nig.: see Abeo, kuta. Abberley, Worcs. 9-420 (III. - Hills, Worcs. 9-420 (III. C2); Abbert, riv., Ire. 14-744 ABBESS 1-11a. Abbeville, Ala. 1-460 (D4). Ga. 11-752 (C4). La. 17-54 (B4): 17-56c. Abbey, Colo. 6-722 (F3). Abdali (Afghan tribe) 1-316a;| 21-234b. (Yemen tribe) 28-914b. Abd-al-Kader, Sah. 23-1004d. Abdallah: see Abdullah. - (caliph): see Mamun. Abdallah bay, Pers. 15-956d. ABDALLATIF (physician) 130d; 1-926c; 2-275b; 2616a. Abd-al-Mottalib 17-409d; 17953c. Abdalonymus (king of Sidon) 21-453d. Abd-al Uzza: see Abu Lahab. Abdank-Abakanowicz (mathematician) 4-979c. Abdar (name): see Abdur. ABD-AR-RAHMAN I.-V. (Cordova) 1-31a foll.; 25-541b; 25-542c; 25-543b. Abdashirta (prince) 5-141c. Abdashtart: see Strato (of Sidon). Abdel (name): see under Abdul (except as below). Abd el Aziz I. (of Morocco) 18-860b; 14-222b. -el Aziz II. 18-860b. -el Aziz III. 18-860b. ABD EL-AZIZ IV. 1-32a; 18858a; 18-859b. Abd-el-Aziz, mts., Turk.As. 26305 (D1); 18-180d. Abd-el-Ka'ba: see Abu Bekr. ABD-EL-KADER (amir of Mascara) 1-32c; 1-651a; Tiaret 26-912b; Tlemçen 261035b. - (Mahdist general) 9-127b; 9-122b; 12-251d. -(Qadirite dervish) 8-75d; 3-195c. - (Urdu author) 13-490a. Abd el Kuri, isl. Ind.O. 25356a. Abd el Nabi, Egy. 4-954 (C2). Abdeloi: see Ephthalites. Abden Aled: see Motamid, El. ABDERA, Sp. 1-33a; 23-648 (B3); for modern town see Adra. ABDERA, Thrace 1-33a; coins 19-880c; in Second Delian League 7-960d; Philip II. 21-377a. Abderhalden, E. 19-926b. Abderiten, Die (Wieland) 11791c. Abderites 17-781b. Abderitidae 17-781b. Abderrahman: (A4 and B2). Abd-milkath (king of Sidon) 21-452a. ABDOMEN 1-33c; 1-941a; abnormal formation 18-742b; cerebral centre 4-411c; viscera 1-665a (fig.). Abdominal aorta 2-668c. arteries 2-667c. Abdominalia (barnacles) 26905d; 20-795a. Abdominal plethora: see Abdominal venosity. rings 1-941b; 23-129d. stalk: see Allantoic stalk. typhus: see Typhoid Fever. venosity 3-2855. Abd Qais, tribe 2-265b. Abdu: see Abydos (Egypt). Abducent nerve 19-395d. ABDUCTION 1-35b. Abductor muscles 19-58b. Abdulaziz (Arab general, A.D. 744) 5-38a. - (Wahhabi ruler) 2-268a. Abd-ul-Caaba: see Abu-Bekr. ABD-UL-HAMID II. 1-35d: 27-| Abdulkabir (Moslem general) (of Morocco) 18-860b. Abdul Karun al Halabi: see Abdul Latif: see Abdallatif. - (of Acre) 5-358b; 8-605d; (of Bagirmi) 3-201c. (of Golconda) 13-488b. II. (of Morocco) 1-715d. b. Harun : see Mamun (caliph). b. Homaid b. Kahtaba 546a. b. Hosain 5-37a. b. Ibad 17-416c; 17-421b. b. Mokaffa: see Ibn Mokaffa. b. Omar I. 5-29b. b. Omar II. 5-38b; 5-39c. b. Rawahah 17-410b. b. Saud 19-352a; 2-269d. -b. Seyyid Mahommed: see Abdullah et Taaisha. b. Solomon 24-111a. -b. Tahir 5-47a; 5-48b; 993d. - b. Umar al-Baidawi: Baidawi. see b. Yazin 1-717c. b. Zobair (caliph) 2-267a; 5-28d; 5-30b; 5-31a. -et Taaisha (the khalifa) 15770b; 9-125d; 9-127b; death 9-130b; Sudan government 26-17c. Khan 4-157b. Mir 21-232d. Sayyid 13-490b. ul Aftahi 17-422d. Abd ul Malek (Abdulmalik) (Moroccan rulers) 18-860 (list). Abdulmalik (caliph) 5-30a; 531a; 2-267a; administrative system 17-412d; coinage 533a; Jarir b. Atiyya 15-276a; Jerusalem dome 5-32d. -b. Merwan 5-38c. b. Nuh (Samanids) 24-107b. ABD-UL-MEJID 1-36d; 27458b; Mejidieh 15-867a. Abd-ul-Mumin el-Kumi 1715c; 18-856a; Kutubia mosque 17-753a. Abd ul Munim 21-231c. Abdulqadir: see Abd-el-Kader. Abd-ul-Qasim Mahommed 18b. Abdul Rahim b. Ali: ABDUR RAHMAN (of Af. ghanistan) 1-37b; 1-312a; 1317d; 24-857b; Khawak pass 13-513d; trade 15-649d. Abdur Rahman (Afghan poet) 1-311d; 22-669b. Abdurrahman (Arab general) 5-28d. Abdurrahman (of Cordova): see Abd-ar-Rahman, I-V. Abd ur Rahman (of Darfur) 7-831b. Abd ur Rahman I. (of Morocco) 18-860b. Abd ur Rahman II. (of Mo. rocco) 18-857d; 18-860c. Abd-ur-Rahman al-Sufi 2 Abechuco, Sp. 28-149a (plan); 28-149b. A Beckett, Arthur William 138d. GILBERT ABBOT 1-38c. Gilbert Arthur 1-38c. Sir William 1-38c. ABEDNEGO 1-38d; 3-79d; 7-808a. Abejar, Sp. 25-530 (D2). ABEKEN, HEINRICH 1-38d. Abekuh, Pers. 21-188 (B2); 21-194b. ABEL (son of Adam) 1-39a; 1-62d; Manichaean tradi tion 17-574b; in Mandaean mythology: see Hibil. ABEL, SIR FREDERICK Augustus 1-39a; 21-322c. Karl von 3-549d; 20-372b. KARL FRIEDRICH 1-39c. NIELS HENRIK 1-39c; 9-719a; 11-323b; 24-670b. O. 5-774a; 5-775a. Robert 7-442b; 7-446c. THOMAS 1-40a. Abel, Ala. 1-460 (D2). Pal. 7-791b. isl., Arct. 21-938 (B2). ABELARD, PETER 1-40a; 24351a; atonement 26-778a; Bernard of Clairvaux 24351d; biblical criticism 3860d; ethics 9-824c; theological standpoint 6-341c. Abel beth - maacah, Pal. 7857c. Abele: see White Poplar. Abelespelen 8-499c; 8-721c. Abeleus (pseud.): see Abelin, Johann Philipp. Abel heat test 7-139c. Abelia 21-780c; 13-773c. Abelian field 19-856d. group 12-627a. integral 11-324a. ABELIN, JOHANN PHILIPP 1-41d. see Abdur Sharar. Rahim author) 13-486c. (Hindostani Bav. 1-42d; 11-808 (C4); battle (1809) 1-42d. Abenteuerliche Simplicus Sim plicissimus (Grimmel hausen) 19-838a. ABEOKUTA, Nig. 1-424; 19678 (A4); 7-736a; railways 16-74a. -, dist., Nig. 16-73d; liquor Ab epistulis (secretary) 12- Aberangell, Wales 9-428 (V.) Aber-Arth, Wales 9-428 (V. ABERAVON, Wales 1-43b; 9- Aber-barri, Wales: see Barry Aberbrothock (Arbroath), Abbot of 3-710b. ABERCARN, Wales 1-43c; 9- Scot. 24-412 Abercius, St 9-871b; 22-262c. Abercorn, earls and dukes of see Hamilton (family) and Hamilton, marquesses and dakes of. ABERCORN, JAMES HAMIL instructions given on Page 1. Edward Neville, baron 19457d; 28-863a. ton, 2nd duke of 1-43c; 23-ABERGAVENNY 263a. -, JAMES HAMILTON, 1st -, Rhod. (S.) 25-466 (K1). 43d. -, PATRICK 1-43d. (Goban Wales: see Fishguard. - Ralph (meteorologist) 6- ABERIGH- -, Sir Robert 7-92b. Abercromby, Scot.: Monance. Aberdalgie, (D-E2). 697d. see St Scot. 24-418 MACKAY, Abes, mts., Sp. 21-611b. Abesukh (Babylonian king) 3- Abetifi, Go.Cst. 12-203 (B3s). Aberdar (Servian poet) 24-, bay, Scot. 24-418 (F2). Aberlemno, Scot. 24-418 (F1);| 10-661d. ABERDARE, HENRY AUSTIN Bruce, 1st baron 1-44d; 8975b; 9-575a; 28-267c. ABERDARE, Wales 1-45b; 9-428 (V. D4). -, mts., Br.E.Afr.: see Sattima. -and Glamorgan cana' 28261a. Aberdaron, Wales 9-428 (V. B2). -bay, Wales 9-428 (V. B2). Aberdaugleddua, Wales: see Milford Haven. harbour, Aberdeen, earls of 12-248a. ABERDEEN, GEORGE GORdon, 1st earl of 1-45c. GEORGE HAMILTON Gordon, 4th earl of 1-46a; 9-561c; 9-565b. - John Campbell Gordon, 14h earl of 1-47b; 14-784c; 14-788c. Aberdeen, Cape Col. 25-466 (G9); 5-232d. -, Fla. 10-540 (D6). -, Ky. 15-740 (B3). -, Md. 17-828 (G1). -Miss. 18-600 (D2); 18-600c. N.C. 19-772 (C2). -N.S.W. 19-538 (F3). -0.20-26 (C7). Aberllynf, Wales 9-428 (V. Aberlour, Scot. 24-412 (E2). Abernethy, George 20-249d. Abhijit (astron.) 28-995d. tribe 14-625b. ABHORRERS 1-62b. Abia, Gr. 12-440 (D4); 18- cape, Tun.: see Blanc. -, riv., Mor. 18-851 (D2); 18- Dahr el, riv.: see White Deir el, monastery, Egy. 9- Abibaal (of Tyre) 7-857b. Abichite 1-62c. JOHN (divine) 1-53b; 27-excelsa : -, JOHN (surgeon) 1-53d; 1- Abernethy, Scot. (Inverness.) , Scot. (Perth.) 24-418 (E2); Abernyte, Scot. 24-418 (E2). see Norway nigra see Black spruce. nordmannia 5-550d. orientalis 5-550d. religiosa: see Oyamel. Abilene, prov., Syr.: see Abila. Abil-ez-Zeit, Syr.: see Abila Good Conduct Medal 18-17c. Ia. 14-732 (E3). Md. 17-828 (G2); 2-715d. isl., Pac.O. see Pinta. 64b. Mass. 17-852 (E-F2). 1 Little, Cambs. 9-424 (IV. Abini, It. 1-246a. Abino, point, Ont. 19-596 (A3). (B2). Abir (powder) 14-350d. 700b; 5-2c; 28-589d. Abolla (costume) 7-236a. ABOMASUM 1-67b; 1-667d. ABOMEY, Dah. 1-67b; 11-204 (G5); 7-736d. ABOMINATION (dict.) 1-67b. Abonnement (taxation) 19994b. Abonou-teichos, Asia M.: see Abony, Hung. 3-4 (F3). ABORTION 1-67d; medical Abiram (bibl.) 19-864c. 329c. Abisares: see Abhisara. Abisha b. Phinehas 24-111a. Abishai (bibl.) 7-856c; 14- Abishua (Babylonian king): Abissa, tribe: see Habashat. Abitensis, N.Afr. 1-360b. Abiward, dist., Asia 21-216a. see Mountain balsam. Aberporth, Wales 9-428 (V. Abietineae 12-759d foll. ABERRATION 1-54a; of opti- -, constant of 1-55c; deter- ABERDEEN, Scot. 1-47b; ABERSYCHAN, Monm. 1-61a; 24-412 (F2); 1-51d; battle (1644) 12-411d; ment 24-429b, 9-428 (V. E4). break- Abert, lake, Oreg. 20-242 (E5); water 4-480d: local govern 13-817d; Aber Tawy, Wales: see Swan statistics 24-419d, 24-428a; sea. than trawling 27-219b Aberteifi, Wales: see Cardigan. university 27-761a, 9-299b, Abertha, Scot.: see Perth. 16-555b. ABERDEEN, S.Dak. 1-49c; 25 506 (G2); 28-505d. -, Wash. 28-354 (A-B2). -, canal, Scot. 24-425a. Aberthaw, East, Wales: see ABERTILLERY, Monm. 1-61a; Frank Abietis resina: see Abigei (law) 16-209d. Ab-i-Istadah, Afg. 14-376 (C3); (son of Jeroboam) 1-62d. 23-874 (II. B2); 15-955b; Ablabius (historian) 15-511a. ABLATION (dict.) 1-65c. 11-204 ABLUTION 1-65d. Abijam: see Abijah. ABILA, Svr. (Abilene) 1-62d; Abna (Persian soldiery) 5-50a. -, harbour, China: see Shek- Aberuthven, Scot. 24-418 (D2). ABILA, Syr. (Perea) 1-63a; ABNER (bibl.) 1-66c. bay, Egy. 9-22 (B1); 9-21c; battle (1798): see Nile, battle of the. -, lake, Egy. 9-22 (A-B1); Abou Klea, Sud.: see Abu Aboullionia (Aboullionte), lake, Turk.As.: see A bulliont Geul. Abou Simbel, Egy.: sce Abu Simbel. ABOUT, E. F. V. 1-69a; 11. 148d. Above par (dict.) 20-745d. Aboyne, visets. and earls of: see also Huntly, earls and marquesses of. Charles Gordon, earl of 13-955a. Aboyne, Scot. 24-412 (F2); Abra, riv., P.I. 21-392 (C2). viceroy) ABRAHAM (bibl.) 1-69d; 11579a; Arab legends 4-276b, 9-33a, 17-953a; chronology 3-868a; in Koran 15-900a; in Mandaean mythology 17-556c; in Midrashic legend 18-421b. See also Abraham, Apocalypse of. - (bp. of Amid) 15-448a. ABRAHAM (A Sancta Clara) 1-72a; 11-789c. -(Axumite king) 9-847b. (bar Hiyya) 13-173c. ABRAHAM (b. Daud : ot Toledo) 1-72b; 13-173d: 14-221c. |