Italy: Biographies (cont.)
Francis V. of Modena
Francis I. of the Two
Sicilies
Massimo or
(family)
Matilda of Tuscany
Francis II. of the Two Mazzini, Giuseppe
Gaetani (family)
Gallenga, Antonio Carlo
Garibaldi, Giuseppe
Giolitti, Giovanni
Gonzago (family)
Guernieri
Hawkwood, Sir John
Humbert, king
Jacini, count
Joanna I. of Naples
Joanna II. of Naples
Lacaita, Sir James
La Farina, Giuseppe
La Margherita, count
La Marmora, Alfonso F.
Lanza, Domenico
Leopold II. of Tuscany
Louis (kings of Naples)
Luzzatti, Luigi
Machiavelli, Niccolò
Magliani, Agostino
Mameli, Goffredo
Mamiani della Rovere,
count
Mancini, P. S.
Manin, Daniele
Masaniello
Medici, Giacomo
Menabrea, L. F.
Micca, Pietro
Minghetti, Marco
Mocenigo (family)
Montanelli, Giuseppe
Montferrat, count of
Morosini (family)
Mortara, Edgar
Nicotera, Giovanni
Nigra, Costantino, count
Odescalchi-Erba
Orseolo (family)
Orsini (family)
Orsini, Felice
Osuna, duke of
Paoli, Pasquale
Pelloux, Luigi
Pepe, Guglielmo
Pescara, Fernando
Francesco
Petrucci, Pandolfo
Piccinino, Niccola
Piccolomini (family)
Pietro della Vigna
Pio di Savoia (family)
Pisacane, Carlo
Pisani, Vettor
Macedonia
Poerio, Alessandro
Polenta, Da (family)
Prina, Giuseppe
Rattazzi, Urbano
Ricasoli, Bettino, baron
Ricotti-Magnani, Cesare
Rienzi, Cola di
Robert of Naples
Robilant, Conte di
Rudini, marquis di
Ruffo, Fabrizio
Saint-Bon, Simone Ar-
turo
Santarosa, count of
Saracco, Giuseppe
Savonarola, Girolamo
Savoy, House of
Sclopis di Salerano
Sella, Quintino
Sforza (family)
Sforza, Caterina
Soderini, Piero
Sonnino, Sidney, baron
Strozzi (family)
Victor Amedeus II. of
Savoy
Victor Emmanuel II.
Victor Emmanuel III.
Visconti (family)
Visconti-Venosta, mar.
Vitelli, Vitellozzo
Zanardelli, Giuseppe
(See under GREECE, ASIA and TURKEY)
Dutch East India Com- Hainaut
pany
Limburg (state)
Luxemburg (district)
Ostend Company
Pensionary
Holland (county and Utrecht (town) province)
Netherlands: Biographies
Aarssens, Francis van
Ackerman, Francis
Arschot, duke of
Artevelde, Jacob van
Artevelde, Philip van
Brederode, Henry, count
of
Charles, count of Flan-
ders
Coehoorn, baron van
Coen, J. Pieterszoon
Coornhert, D. V.
Decker, Pierre de
De Ruyter, M. A.
De Winter, J. W.
De Witt, Cornelius
De Witt, John
Diemen, Anthony van
Dousa, Janus
Egmont, count of
Falck, A. R.
Farnese, Alexander
Frederick Henry, prince
of Orange
Frère-Orban, H. J. W.
Heyn, P. Pieterzoon
Horn,
P.
de
Mont
morency, count of
Jacoba or Jacqueline
Jauregui, Juan
John I., duke of Brabant
John Maurice of Nassau
Lambermont, baron
Lebeau, Joseph
Leopold I., king of the
Belgians
Leopold II., king of the
Belgians
Louis of Nassau
Malou, J. E. X.
Margaret of Austria
(duchess of Parma)
Margaret of Austria
(duchess of Savoy)
Mary of Burgundy
Nothomb, baron
Oldenbarneveldt, J. van
Orange, House of
Rogier, C. L.
St Aldegonde, P. van
Marnix, Heer van
Thorbecke, J. R.
Tromp (admirals)
Viglius
Wilhelmina, queen of the
Netherlands
William the Silent
William I., king of the
Netherlands
William II.
William III.
William II., prince of
Orange
Agliardi, Antonio
Aleandro, Girolamo
Aleman, Louis
Alexander (I.-VIII.)
Anastasius (I.-IV.)
Anencletus
(I.-IV. and Nicholas (I.-V. and anti
Joan (female pope)
John I.
Paschal (I., II. and anti
Plehve, V K.
Pobedonostsev, C. P.
Potemkin, prince
Pozzo di Borgo, count
Prokopovich, T.
Pugachev, E. I.
Razin, S. T.
Repnin (family)
Rezánov, N. P. de
Romanov (dynasty)
Rostoptschin, count
Russia: Biographies (cont.)
Shafirov, baron
Shamyl
Shuvalov, count
Skobelev, M. D.
Sophia Aleksyeevna
Speranski, count
Sprengtporten, count
Stepniak, Sergius
Suvarov, A. V.
Tchernaiev, M. G.
Bonde, Gustaf, count
Brahe, Per, count
Canute VI. of Denmark
Charles IX. of Sweden
Charles X. of Sweden
Charles XI. of Sweden
Charles XII. of Sweden
Charles XIII. of Sweden
and Norway
Charles XIV. of Sweden
and Norway
Charles XV. of Sweden
and Norway
Christian II. of Den-
mark, Norway and
Sweden
Christian III. of Denmark and Norway Christian IV. of Den mark and Norway Christian V. of Den mark and Norway Christian VI. of Den. mark and Norway Christian VII. of Denmark and Norway Christian VIII. of Denmark and Norway Christian IX. of Denmark
Moltke, A. Gottlob, count
Moltke, A. Wilhelm, count
Nansen, Hans
Nordin, C. G.
Olaf (kings of Norway)
Oscar I. of Sweden and
Norway
Oscar II. of Sweden and
Norway
Oxe, Peder
Oxenstjerna (family)
Patkul, J. R.
Piper, Carl, count
Reuterholm,
Adolf, baron
Reventlow, count
Sehested, Hannibal
Sigurdsson, Jón
Skram, Peder
Sprengtporten, J. M.
Stenbock, count
Struensee, J. F.
Sture (family)
Svane, Hans
Sverdrup, Johan
Sweyn I. of Denmark
Tessin, count
Toll, count
Tordenskjold, Peder
Torstensson, count
Trolle, Herluf
Ulfeldt, Kortits
Valdemar I. of Denmark
Valdemar II. of Denmark
Valdemar IV. of Denmark
Wallqvist, Olaf
Wrangel, K. G. von
Sicily: Subjects and Biographies
Siculi
Syracuse
Tancred (king)
Vespers, Sicilian
William I.
William II.
Indies, Laws of the Infante
Garcia de Paredes, D. Godoy, count of Gondomar, D. S. de González-Carvajal, T. J. Granvella, cardinal de Henry (I.-IV. of Castile) Isabella of Castile Isabella II. of Spain
James II. of Aragon
James II. of Majorca
James III. of Majorca
Jimenes de Cisneros, F.
Joanna the Mad
John I. of Aragon
John II. of Aragon
John I. of Castile
John II. of Castile
Jovellanos, G. M. de
Jovellar y Soler, J
Juan Manuel, Don
Las Casas, Bartolomé de
Lauria, Roger de
Leovigild
Lerma, duke of
Luna, Alvaro de
Madoz, Pascual
Martos, Christino
Anne of Cleves
Anne of Denmark
Anselm, of Canterbury
Anson, baron
Antrim, 1st earl of
Antrim, 1st marquess of
Arch, Joseph
Argyll, earls and dukes of
Arlington, earl of
Armstrong, Archibald
Arran, earls of
Arundel, earldom of
Arundel, earls of
Arundel, Thomas
Arundell of Wardour,
1st baron
Ashburnham, John
Ashburton, 1st baron
Aske, Robert
Asquith, H. H.
Astley, baron
Astley, Sir J. D.
Atholl, earls and dukes of
Atterbury, Francis
Auchmuty, Sir Samuel
Audley, baron
Aymer, of Valence
Ayscue, Sir George
Babington, Anthony
Bacon, Sir Nicholas
Badlesmere, baron
Baillie, Robert, of Jer-
viswood
Bek, Antony
Belesme, Robert of
Belhaven and Stenton,
2nd baron
Bellingham, Sir Edward
Benbow, John
Bentinck, Lord George
Beresford, Lord Charles
Beresford, John
Baird, Sir David Balfour, A. J. Balfour, Sir J. (of Denmylne and Kinnaird) Balfour, Sir J. (of Pittendreich) Baliol (family) Baliol, John de Ball, Sir A. J. Ball, John (d. 1889) Balmerino, 1st baron Balnaves, Henry Baltimore, 1st baron
Bamford, Samuel
Barnes, Sir Edward Barré, Isaac
Barrington, S.
Beresford, viscount Berkeley (family). Berkshire, 1st earl of Berwick, duke of Bessborough, earls of Bexley, baron
Barrington, 2nd viscount
Barrow, Sir John
Barton, Elizabeth
Bath, 1st marquess of
Bath, 1st earl of
Bathurst, earls
Batten, Sir W.
Beaconsfield, earl of
Beauchamp (families)
Beaufort (family)
Beaufort, Henry
Beaumont (family)
Becket, Thomas
Beckington, Thomas
Beckwith, Sir T. S.
Bedford, earls and
Bigod, Hugh, earl of
Norfolk
Birrell, Augustine
Blachford, baron
Blake, Robert
Blakeney, baron
Bligh, William
Bloet, Robert
Boadicea
Bohun (family)
Boleyn, Anne
Bolingbroke, viscount
Bolton, dukes of
Boniface of Savoy
Boscawen, Edward
Bothwell, 4th earl of
Bourchier, Thomas
Bowen, Sir G. F.
Boyd, lord
Brackley, viscount
Braddock, Edward
Bradlaugh, Charles
Bradshaw, John
Brantingham,
Clanricarde, 1st earl of
Clanricarde, marquess of
Clare (family)
Clare, 1st earl of
Clarence, dukes of
Clarendon, 1st earl of
Clarendon, 2nd earl of
Clarendon, 4th earl of
Clarke, Sir Andrew
Clarke, Mary Anne
Clarkson, Thomas
Cleveland, duchess of
Clifford (family)
Clifford
of Chudleigh,
1st baron
Clinton, Sir Henry
Clyde, baron
Cobbett, William
Cobden, Richard
Cockburn, Sir George
Codrington, C.
Codrington, Sir E.
Conwulf of Mercia
Coke, Sir Edward
Coke, Sir John
Colchester, 1st baron
Colepeper, 1st baron
Colley, Sir George
Collingwood, 1st baron
Colville, John
Combermere,
count
Comyn, John
Congleton. 1st baron
Connaught, duke of
Dangerfield, Thomas
Darcy, baron
Darnley, lord
Dartmouth, earl of
David I., of Scotland
David II., of Scotland
David (3 Welsh princes)
Davison, William
Davitt, Michael
Deane, Richard
Delamere, 1st baron
De la Warr (family)
Denbigh, 1st earl of
Denbigh, 2nd earl of
Derby, earls of
Dermot MacMurrough
Derwentwater, earl of
Desborough, John
Desmond, 15th earl of
Despard, Edward Mar-
Despenser, Hugh le (d. 1265) Despenser, Hugh le (d. 1326)
Devon, earls of
D'Ewes, Sir Simonds
Dickson, Sir Alexander Digby, Sir Everard
Digby, Sir Kenelm
Dilke, Sir C. W.
Dillon, John
Donkin, Sir R. S.
Dorchester, viscount
Dorislaus, Isaac
Dorset, earls,
quesses and dukes of
Doubleday, Thomas
Douglas (family)
Douglas, Sir Charles
Douglas, Sir Howard
Dover, earl of
Dowdeswell, William
Downing, Sir George
Downshire, 1st
quess of
Drake, Sir Francis Drury, Sir William Duckworth, Sir J. T.
Dudley, Edmund
Dudley, Sir Robert
Dufferin and Ava,
marquis of
Duffy, Sir C. Gavan
Duigenan, Patrick
Duncan (2 Scottish
kings)
Ella (kings)
Ellenborough, earl of
Ellesmere, 1st earl of
Elphinstone, William
Emmet, Robert
Empson, Sir Richard
Erroll, 9th earl of
Essex, earls of
Essex, Arthur Capel, 1st earl of
Essex, Robert Devereux, 2nd earl of Robert Essex, eux, 3rd earl of Essex, Walter
eux, 1st earl of Evans, Sir George Eversley, viscount Exeter, earl, marquess and duke of Exmouth, viscount Eyre, Edward John Fairfax of Cameron, 2nd baron
Fairfax of Cameron, 3rd baron
Falkland, 2nd viscount
Fanshawe, Sir Richard
Fastolf, Sir John
Fauntleroy, Henry
Fawcett, Henry
Fawkes, Guy
Felton, John
Fenton, Sir Geoffrey
Fenwick, Sir John
Ferguson, Robert
Ferrers (family)
Ferrers, 4th earl
Fiennes, Nathaniel
Finch, Finch-Hatton (family)
Fisher, 1st baron
Fitzgerald (family)
Fitzgerald, Lord Edward
Fitzgerald, Raymond
Fitzgerald, Lord Thomas
Fitz-Osbern, Roger
Fitz-Osbern, William
Fitz Osbert, William
Fitz Peter, Geoffrey
Fitz Stephen, Robert
Fitzwalter, Robert
Fitzwilliam, Sir William
Fitzwilliam, 2nd earl
Flambard, Ranulf
Fleetwood, Charles
Goffe, William
Gomm, Sir W. M.
Goodrich, Thomas
Gordon (family)
Gordon, C. G.
Gordon, Lord George
Goring, Lord
Gorst, Sir J. Eldon
Goschen, 1st viscount
Gospatric, earl of
Northumberland
Gough, viscount
Goulburn, Henry
Gowrie, 3rd earl of
Grafton, dukes of
Graham, Sir Gerald
Graham, Sir James
Granby, marquess of
Grant, Charles
Grant, Sir J. Hope
Grant, Sir Patrick
Grantham, 1st baron
Grantley, 1st baron
Granville, 2nd earl
Granville, J. Carteret,
earl
Grattan, Henry
Gray, 6th baron
Gray, John de
Gray, Walter de
Grenville, Sir Bevil
Grenville, George
Grenville, or Greynville,
Duncan, 1st viscount Duncombe, Sir Charles Dundee, viscount Dundonald, 10th earl of Dunfermline,
Halifax, 1st marquess
Halkett, Hugh
Hallam, Robert
Hamilton (family)
Hamilton,
and dukes of
Hamilton, Lady
Hamilton, 1st duke of
Hamilton, John
Hamilton, Sir W.
Hamilton, W. G.
Hamley, Sir E. Bruce
Hampden, 1st viscount
Hampden, John
Hanbury Williams, Sir
C.
Harcourt, 1st viscount
Harcourt, Sir W. V.
Hardicanute
Hardinge, viscount
Hardwicke, 1st earl of
Hardy, Sir T. M.
Harold I.
Harold II.
Harrington, earls of
Harris, 1st baron
Harrison, Thomas
Harrowby, 1st earl of
Hastings (family)
Hastings, 1st marquess of
Hastings, F. A.
Hatherton, 1st baron
Hatton, Sir C.
Havelock, Sir Henry
Hawke, baron
Hawkins, Sir John
Hawkins, Sir Richard
Hawley, Henry
Head, Sir F. B.
Heathcote, Sir Gilbert
Heathfield, baron
Hely-Hutchinson, J.
Hengest and Horsa
Henrietta Maria, queen
Henry I.
Henry II.
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