There micht men hear mony a dint, * Mony a wicht man and worthy, Thus were they bound on either side ; The gude earl* thither took the way, The Stewart, Walter that then was, That time thir three battles were * (The appearance of a mock host, composed of the servants of the Scottish camp, completes the panic of the English army ; the king flies, and Sir Giles D'Argentine is slain. The narrative then proceeds.) They were, to say sooth, sae aghast, On ane side, they their faes had, Micht nane escape that ever came there. 1 Company 2 Also. 3 Failed, gave way. 5 Rabble. 6 Slime, mud. 1 The van of the English army. 9 Edward Bruos. 8 Cruel. 4 Shut up ANDREW WYNTOUN. About the year 1420, ANDREW WYNTOUN, or, as he describes himself, Androwe of Wyntoune, prior of St Serf's Monastery in Lochleven, completed, in St Serf said, 'Gif I sae be, Of creatures made he was makèr. Lochleven. eight-syllabled metre, an Orygynale Cronykil of Scotland, including much universal history, and extending down to his own time: it may be considered as a Scottish member of the class of rhymed chronicles. The genius of this author is inferior to that of Barbour; but at least his versification is easy, his language pure, and his style often animated. His chronicle is valuable as a picture of ancient manners, as a repository of historical anecdotes, and as a specimen of the literary attainments of our ancestors.* It contains a considerable number of fabulous legends, such as we may suppose to have been told beside the parlour fire of a monastery of those days, and which convey a curious idea of the credulity of the age. Some of these are included in the following specimens, the first of which alone is in the original spelling : [St Serf'st Ram.] [Interview of St Serf with Sathanas.] I ken thou art a cunning clerk.' * Dr Irving. + St Serf lived in the sixth century, and was the founder of tho monastery of which the author was prior. [The Return of David II. from Captivity.] (David II., taken prisoner by the English at the battle of Durham, in 1346, was at length redeemed by his country in 1357. The following passage from Wyntoun is curious, as illustrating the feelings of men in that age. The morning after his return, when the people who had given so much for their sovereign, were pressing to see or to greet him, he is guilty of a gross outrage against them-- which the poet, strange to say, justities] Yet in prison was King Davy. BLIND HARRY. All privily went hame their way; whom nothing else is known, may be classed with At that time there nae mair did they. the Prick of Conscience and Pierce Plowman's Vision, The king to London then was had, English compositions of the immediately preceding That there a lang time after bade. age. Thus, it appears as if literary tastes and modes After syne, with mediatioun travelled northward, as more frivolous fashions do Of messengers, of his ransoun at this day, and were always predominant in ScotWas treated, while a set day land about the time when they were declining or Till Berwick him again brought they. becoming extinct in England. And there was treated sae, that he The last of the romantic or minstrel class of comShould of prison delivered be, positions in Scotland was The Adrentures of Sir And freely till his lands found, William Wallace, written about 1460, by a wander: To pay ane hundred thousand pound ing poet usually called Of the author nothing is known but that he was And affirmed with seal and fay. blind from his infancy; that he wrote this poem, Great hostage there leved" he, and made a living by reciting it, or parts of it, beThat on their awn dispense should be. fore company. It is said by himself to be founded Therefore, while they hostage were, on a narrative of the life of Wallace, written in Expense but number made they there. Latin by one Blair, chaplain to the Scottish hero, The king was then delivered free, and which, if it ever existed, is now lost. The chief And held his way till his countrie. With him of English brought he nane, materials, however, have evidently been the tradi tionary stories told respecting Wallace in the minWithout a chamber-boy alane. strel's own time, which was a century and a half The whether, upon the morn, when he subsequent to that of the hero. In this respect, The Should wend till his counsel privy, Wallace resembles The Bruce; but the longer time The folk, as they were wont to do, Pressed right rudely in thereto : which had elapsed, the unlettered character of the author, and the comparative humility of the class But he right suddenly can arrace? Out of a macer's hand a mace, from whom he would chiefly derive his facts, made it inevitable that the work should be much less of a And said rudely, “How do we now ! historical document than that of the learned archStand still, or the proudest of you deacon of Aberdeen. It is, in reality, such an acShall on the head have with this mace !' Then there was nane in all this place, count of Wallace as might be expected of Montrose or Dundee from some unlettered but ingenious poet But all they gave him room in hy ; Durst nane press further that were by ; of the present day, who should consult only HighHis council door might open stand, land tradition for his authority. It abounds in That nane durst till it be pressand. marvellous stories respecting the prowess of its hero, Radure3 in prince is a gude thing; and in one or two places grossly outrages real hisFor, but radure,+ all governing tory; yet its value has on this account been perShall all time but despised be: haps understated. Within a very few years past, And where that men may radure see, several of the transactions attributed by the blind They shall dread to trespass, and sae minstrel to Wallace, and heretofore supposed to be Peaceable a king his land may ma'. fictitious--as, for example, his expedition to France Thus radure dred that gart him be. -have been confirmed by the discovery of authentic Of Ingland but a page brought he, evidence. That the author meant only to state real And by his sturdy 'ginning facts, must be concluded alike from the simple unHe gart them all have sic dreading, affectedness of the narration, and from the rarity of That there was nane, durst nigh him near, deliberate imposture, in comparison with credulity, But wha by name that called were. as a fault of the literary men of the period. The He led with radure sae his land, poem is in ten-syllable lines, the epic verse of a later In all time that he was regnand, age, and it is not deficient in poetical effect or eleThat nane durst well withstand his will, vated sentiment. A paraphrase of it into modern All winning bowsome to be him till. Scotch, by William Hamilton of Gilbertfield, has Wyntoun bas been included in this section of long been a favourite volume amongst the Scottish our literary history, because, although writing peasantry: it was the study of this book which had after 1400, his work is one of a class, all the rest of so great an effect in kindling the genius of Robert Burns. * which belong to the preceding period. Some other Scottish writers who were probably or for certain of [Adrenture of Wallace while Fishing in Irvine Water.] the fifteenth century, may, for similar reasons, be (Wallace, near the commencement of his career, is living in here introduced. Of one named HUTCHEON, and de- hiding with his uncle, Sir Ranald Wallace of Riccarton, near signed of the Awle Ryall'--that is, of the Hall Kilmarnock. To amuse himself, he goes to fish in the river Royal or Palace--it is only known that he wrote a Irvine, when the following adventure takes place :-) metrical romance entitled the Gest of Arthur. Another, called CLERK, .of Tranent,' was the author So on a time he desired to play.t of a romance entitled The Adventures of Sir Gawain, In Aperil the three-and-twenty day, of which two cantos have been preserved. They are * See his Life by Dr Currie. written in stanzas of thirteen lines, with alternate | A few couplets in the original spelling are subjoined :rhymes, and much alliteration; and in a language So on a tym he desyrit to play. In A perill the three-and-twenty day, so very obsolete, as to be often quite unintelligible. There is, however, a sort of wildness in the narra Till Erewyn wattir fyeche to tak he went, Sic fantasye fell in his entent. tive, which is very striking.* The Howlate, an alle To leide his net a child furth with him yeid; gorical satirical poem, by a poet named HOLLAND, of But he, or nowne, was in a fellowne dreid. 1 Left ? Reached. 3 Rigour. 4 Without rigour. His swerd he left, so did he neuir agayne; • Ellis It dide him gud, supposs he sufferyt payne. Till Irvine water fish to tak he went, And said, 'Son, thir tidings sits me sore, Sic fantasy fell in his intent. And, be it known, thou may tak scaith therefore.' To lead his net a child furth with him yede, Uncle,' he said, 'I will no langer bide, But he, or2 noon, was in a fellon dread. Thir southland horse let see gif I can ride.' His swerd he left, so did he never again ; Then but a child, him service for to mak, It did him gude, suppose he suffered pain. His eme's sons he wald not with him tak. Of that labour as than he was not slie, This gude knight said, “Dear cousin, pray I thee, Happy he was, took fish abundantly. When thou wants gude, come fetch eneuch frae me.' Or of the day ten hours o'er couth pass. Silver and gold he gart on him give, [Escape of Wallace from Perth.] Till him rade five, clad into ganand green, (Wallace, betrayed by a woman in Perth, escapes to Elcho And said soon, 'Scot, Martin's fish we wald have!' Park, in the neighbourhood, killing two Englishmen by the Wallace meekly again answer him gave. way. The English garrison of the town, under Sir John Butler, 'It were reason, methink, ye should have part, commence a search and pursuit of the fugitive hero, by means Waith+ should be dealt, in all place, with free heart.' of a bloodhound. Wallace, with sixteen men, makes his way He bade his child, 'Give them of our waithing.' out of the park, and hastens to the banks of the Earn.) The Southron said, “ As now of thy dealing We will not tak; thou wald give us o'er small.' As they were best arrayand Butler's route, He lighted down and frae the child took all. Betwixt parties than Wallace ischet out ; Wallace said then, 'Gentlemen gif ye be, Sixteen with him they graithit them to gae, Of all his men he had leavit no mae. The Englishmen has missit him, in hyl The hound they took, and followed hastily. • Thou shall have leave to fish, and tak thee mae, At the Gask Wood full fain he wald have been ; All this forsooth shall in our flitting gae. But this sloth-brach, whilk sicker was and keen, We serve a lord ; this fish shall till him gang.' On Wallace foot followed so fellon fast, Wallace answered, said, 'Thou art in the wrang.' While in their sicht they 'proachit at the last. "Wham thous thou, Scot? in faith thou 'serves a blaw. Their horse were wicht, had sojourned weel and lang; Till him he ran, and out a swerd can draw. To the next wood, twa mile they had to gang, William was wae he had nae wappins there Of upwith yird ;? they yede with all their micht, But the poutstaff, the whilk in hand he bare. Gude hope they had, for it was near the nicht. Wallace with it fast on the cheek him took, Fawdon tirit, and said he micht not gang. With sae gude will, while of his feet he shook. Wallace was wae to leave him in that thrang. The swerd flew frae him a fur-breid on the land. He bade him gae, and said the strength was near, But he tharefore wald not faster him steir. Wallace, in ire, on the craig can him ta', With his gude swerd, and strak the head him frae. By that the lave lighted about Wallace, Dreidless to ground derfly he dushit deid. Ile had no help, only but God's grace. Frae him he lap, and left him in that stede. On either side full fast on him they dang, Some deemis it to ill; and other some to gude ; Great peril was gif they had lasted lang. And I say here, into thir termis rude, Upon the head in great ire he strak ane ; Better it was he did, as thinkis me; The shcarand swerd glade to the collar bane. First to the hound it micht great stoppin be ; Ane other on the arm he hit so hardily, Als', Fawdon was halden at suspicion, While hand and swerd baith in the field can lie. For he was of bruckil complexionThe tother twa fled to their horse again ; Richt stark he was, and had but little gane. He stickit him was last upon the plain. Thus Wallace wist : had he been left alane, Three slew he there, twa fled with all their might An he were false, to enemies he wald gae; After their lord ; but he was out of sight, Gif he were true, the southron wald him slay. Takand the muir, or he and they couth twine. Micht he do oucht but tyne him as it was ? Till him they rade anon, or they wald blin, Frae this question now shortly will I pass. And cryit, Lord, abide ; your men are martyred down Deem as ye list, ye that best can and may, Right cruelly, here in this false region. I but rehearse, as my autoúr will say. Five of our court here at the water bade, 8 Sternis, by than, began for till appear, Fish for to bring, though it nae profit made. The Englishmen were comand wonder near; We are scaped, but in field slain are three.' Five hundred hail was in their chivalry. The lord speirit,' • How mony might they be ?' To the next strength than Wallace couth him hy. . We saw but ane that has discomfist us all.' Stephen of Ireland, unwitting of Wallace, Then leugh10 he loud, and said, “Foul mot you fall! And gude Kerly, bade still near hand that place, At the muir-side, intill a scroggy slaid, Fawdon was left beside them on the land; The power came, and suddenly him fand; Their horse he took, and gear that left was there, For their sloth-hound the straight gait till him yede, Gave ower that craft, he yede to fish nae mair, Of other trade she took as than no heed. Went till his eme, and tald him of this deed, The sloth stoppit, at Fawdon still she stude, Nor further she wald, frae time she fand the blude. But that the Scots had fouchten amang themsell. 1 Went. 2 Ere. 3 He was on his way from Ayr to Glasgow. Richt wae they were that losit was their scent. * Spoil taken in sport. 5 Neck. Wallace twa men amang the host in went, 7 Ere they would stop. 8 Tarried. ' Inquired. 10 Laughed. 11 Nearly went mad. 1 Haste. ? Ascending ground. 8 Broken reputation e Rest. Dissemblit weel, that no man sould them ken, To ground he fell, feil folk about him thrang, il Treason ! they cried, traitors was them amang! The fray was great, and fast away they yede, Butler for woe of weeping micht not stint, By sic mischief gif his men micht be lost, But of Wallace furth I will you tell, to the Maker of love, As he was thus walkald by him alane, [The Death of Wallace.] On Wednesday the false Southron furth brocht To martyr him, as they before had wrocht.4 Of men in arms led him a full great rout. With a bauld sprite guid Wallace blent about : A priest he asked, for God that died on tree. King Edward then commanded his clergy, And said, 'I charge you, upon loss of life, Nane be sae bauld yon tyrant for to shrive. * Low. ; Without. 3 Threw * Caught. 1 That God should allow him to be in such perplexity. |