8. How is the vote then taken?

9. What Presidents were chosen by the House of Repre sentatives?

10. Who choose the Vice-President when there is no choice by the electors?

11. For what length of time is the President chosen?

12. How often may he be reëlected?

13. Has any President served for more than two terms?

14. What are the qualifications for President?

15. Could a foreigner have been elected President when the Constitution was adopted?

16. Can a foreigner be elected now?

17. Why not?

18. When the office of President becomes vacant, who succeeds to it?

19. Suppose there is no Vice-President; who is to exercise the office of President?

20. Suppose there is no President pro tempore?

21. Does the Constitution say that the President of the Senate pro tempore, or the Speaker of the House, shall exercise the office of President?

22. By what provision are they to exercise the office in certain circumstances?

23. Who is commander-in-chief of the army and navy?

24. Who has the superintendence and general control of all matters pertaining to the army?

25. Who has immediate command of all the armies of the United States? Ans. The general.

26. Who appoints and commissions all important military and civil officers?

27. Suppose the Senate is not in session when the vacancy occurs?

28. Who has the power of removal from office?

29. How are treaties made?

30. How is war declared?

31. How may extra sessions of Congress be called?

32. Who receives ambassadors and other public ministers ? 33. Show that this is an important power.

34. What is the duty of the President with respect to exe cuting the laws?

35. Suppose the people of a state refuse to obey the laws of the United States?

36. Can a state be coerced into obedience? Ans. All men, wherever found within the limits of the United States, can be compelled to render obedience to the laws.

37. How can the President be removed from office?

38. How can the Vice-President and all civil officers of the United States be removed from office?

39. Are members of Congress civil officers of the United States, and liable to impeachment ?

40. How can a member be removed from either house of Congress before his term has expired?

CHAPTER XIX.

THE JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT.

1. Where is the judicial power vested?

"The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.” — Art. III. § 1. 1.

2. How many national courts have been established by Congress?

Three: the Supreme Court, the Circuit Court, and the District Court.

3. Of what does the Supreme Court consist?

The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice and nine associate justices, any five of whom constitute a quorum.

4. How often does the Supreme Court hold its sessions?

It holds one term annually, commencing on the first Monday in December, at Washington.

5. How is it chiefly occupied?

In hearing and deciding appeals from the Circuit and District Courts.

6. Into how many judicial circuits are the United States divided?

The United States are divided into ten circuits, and into a much larger number of districts.

7. Who act as judges of the Circuit Courts? The associate justices of the Supreme Court. 8. How many district judges are there?

There is a district judge appointed in and for each district.

9. How often are the Circuit Courts held?

In most of the circuits, two courts are held annually.

10. How often are the District Courts held?

In most of the districts, the judge holds four stated terms, and also holds special courts at his discretion.

11. What are the other officers of the national courts besides the judges?

The attorney-general, the district attorneys, the marshals, and the clerks.

12. What are the duties of the attorney-general and the district attorneys?

To conduct all suits in the United States courts in which the United States are concerned.

13. What duties has the attorney-general in connection with the cabinet?

The attorney-general is a member of the cabinet, and meets with the other members to advise the President; he gives legal opinions on all questions submitted to him by the government.

14. What are the duties of the marshal?

The marshal executes the orders and decisions of the court.

15. What are the duties of the clerks?

To keep records of the proceedings of their courts, and sign and seal all processes.

16. What is the tenure of office of the judges? "The judges, both of the supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior; and shall at stated times receive for their services a compensation which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office." Art. III. § 1. 1.

17. Why was this tenure of office adopted? That the judges may be independent.

18. How does it make them independent?

If they held office at the will of Congress or of the President, they might be led to consult the will of Congress or of the President, rather than the dictates of justice.

19.

Who determine the compensation of the judges? Congress.

20. Why cannot their compensation be diminished? Congress might overawe them into submission to its will by that means, thus destroying their independence and fairness.

CHAPTER XX.

JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT, CONTINUED.

1. To what does the judicial power extend?

"The judicial power shall extend to all cases in law and equity arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority; to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls; to all cases of admiralty and maritime. jurisdiction; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party; to controversies between two or more states; between a state and citizens of another state; between citizens of different states; between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants of different states; and between a state or citizens thereof and foreign states, citizens, and subjects." Art. III. § 2. 1.

2. Has the Supreme Court jurisdiction in equity as well as law?

It has.

3. What is equity jurisprudence!
e?

"A system of jurisprudence, the object of which is to render the administration of justice more complete, by affording relief where the courts of law are incompetent to give it, or to give it with effect."

4. Are not courts of equity commonly distinct from courts of law?

They are in England and in some of the states.
5. What are such courts called?

Courts of chancery.