A Primer on the Complexities of Traumatic Memory of Childhood Sexual Abuse: A Psychobiological Approach

ability activity adult alterations amnesia amygdala aspects assess associated autobiographical memory behavior body's brain stem Bremner catecholamine cerebral cortex child sexual abuse childhood abuse childhood sexual abuse childhood trauma chronic clinical cognitive complex conscious awareness cortex cortical cortisol demonstrated dissociative disorders dissociative response dysfunction dysregulation effects emotional experience emotional feelings emotional memory emotional responses emotional/physiological ence encoded evoked experienced explicit memory extreme fear Fisler function Hart Herman hippocampus hormone hyperarousal hypermnesia impact implicit individual integrated intrusive involved Kluft Kolk & Fisler learning and memory LeDoux limbic system mediated memory processes memory systems Murburg nervous system neurological neurons neurophysiological neurotransmitter nonconscious norepinephrine occur opioid past experience perception physical physiological posttraumatic stress disorder prefrontal cortex primary PTSD recall receptors remember reported repression retained retrieval schemas self-identity sensory specific Spiegel startle response stimuli stress-response studies survivors symptoms Terr tion tional traumatic events traumatic experience traumatic memory victims