luxurious as oils: how gorgeous that glittering cup; how luscious the fruit; how soft the napkin; how light and airy the feather! We hardly know which of the two we prefer; if 136 be more striking and magnificent, 148 is the more faultless and deeper toned. The strawberries in the former are, we think, of very doubtful texture; they look too dry.-There are some studies of heads, &c., by the same hand: he manages flesh better in water than in oils; but we would advise him to stick to his fruit.

The British Atlas, comprising separate Maps of every County in England, and the Three Ridings of Yorkshire. Wales will be contained in four sheets, and will be so arranged that they can be joined together, and form an intire Map of that Principality. To be completed in twenty-three numbers; each containing two Maps,, which will appear regularly on the first of every month. By J. and C. Walker. Longman and Co.

VERY copious, clear, and carefully got up: as fair a specimen of Map engraving as we remember to have

seen.

Arboretum Britannicum. By J. C. Loudon, F. L.S. &c. No. IV. Longman and Co. SUSTAINS its excellence as a gallery of arboraceous portraits. Is not the horse chesnut, however, taken from a tree which is rather an exception, than an average specimen in the general appearance of its species? It appears to, us more oval shaped than

common.

History of British Fishes. By W. Yarrell, F. L.S. Part II. John Van Voorst.

THE cuts are not quite so well printed as those in Part I,-they are a little blacker; but they show the same skill and delicacy in the engraving; the casualties of the press obscure but do not destroy the beauty of the execution.

EXTRAORDINARY STORY.

Plates of the Penny Magazine. Charles Knight. THE cuts are separated from the text, and bound up in a handsome volume. It is quite surprising how they can survive the wear-and-tear they must endure in working off the enormous impression of the peri- ing croaking, altogether unusual at the place, led the

odical they have served for, and then appear after all in this fresh, vigorous, and drawing-room condition. They look very well on the better paper, and form quite a gallery of natural history, distant scenery, and curiosities of all sorts. An excellent work to lie on the drawing-room table, furnishing amusement or a whole afternoon.

TABLE TALK.

HINT TO VOYAGERS.

Often

PREMATURE INTERMENT.

I cannot refrain from making some remarks on the cruelty of those who pass a leisure hour on board, by firing at the oceanic birds as they fly about the ship. These little "indefatigables," as some are pleased to term them, are too often doomed to become the subject of this murderous sport. and often with broken wings they are left to linger on the wide expanse of waters, unable to procure any food but that which may accidentally pass them; buffetted about by the waves, and helpless in themselves, they linger out a miserable existence, until death puts a period to their misery. It is revolting to the feelings to see these beautiful and perfectly digged up again, was found in that state; and the

innocent birds destroyed, solely to gratify the inclination to destroy.-Bennet's Wanderings in New South Wales,' &c.

MR HENRY PHILLIPS.

H. Phillips has been fortunate in coming before the public and making a stand at a time when there was none to oppose him. His natural powers are limited, but he has increased them by careful and persevering practice. Like all self-taught men, he has his defects; he has a trick of jerking out his notes in an unpleasant manner-he is apt to sing in his throat-and in extending the compass of his voice he has rendered it uneven, requiring all his tact to conceal this defect; he has likewise a tendency to sing out of tune-the effect of forcing his voice beyond its powers. To look on the other side of the

There have been many example of men in show dead; either laide out upon the cold, floare, or carried forth to buriall. Nay, of some buried in the earth; which, notwithstanding, have lived againe ; which hathe beene found (in those that were buried, the earth being afterwards opened) by the bruising and wounding of their head, through the struggling of the body within the coffin: whereoff the most recent and memorable example was that of James Scotus, called the subtle, and a schoolman; who, being

like happened in our dayes, in the person of a player, buried at Cambridge.-Bacon on Life and Death. [Many idle stories are related to this effect, but it is to be feared also, many true ones. Yet there are people who think it easy for the world to have too much imagination! A weak imagination is not to be cultivated, neither should we think the worst or gloomiest of anything, when it is over and cannot be better seen into. But security in the present instance is easy, and a little imagination would come in aid of natural tenderness, to render it a matter of course. It is the duty of every family (a painful one it is, but better than worse pains of doubt afterwards) to keep a deceased member above ground, till the commencement of decomposition is obvious and undeniable.]]

TO CORRESPONDENTS.

We agree with H. G., but are afraid of re-opening so very wide a question.

We take a SINCERE WELL-WISHER in the very best part. We certainly have our own views on the subject; but they are such, as, we flatter ourselves, he would agree with, if we could argue the point with him; just as he thinks he could convince us ;—a feeling common to all honest controversialists. controversy is not within the province of our Paper.

But

Thanks to J. T. HOLMAN; but is not his view of Mr Webbe's argument materially to be qualified by the fact, that the inventor of the Cherockee language was acquainted with Europeans? and was the invention, in fact, one of language, and not rather of characters only?

We should like to find room for the letter of LAPIS, and hope to do so. The index he inquires about, will be such as he wishes. With respect to the other matter, we cannot be equally certain.

We never heard of the contemplated measure alluded to by our comfortable friend, F. WILLIAM F., till his own mention of it. No such measure has certainly ever been contemplated by ourselves.

G. W. may surely read his “youthful productions' to his friends, without any misgiving, especially as he interrupts no duty in the cultivation of his taste. The Reader will agree with us, when he sees the following verses, which argue a feeling for genuine

nature.

We recommend the writer to try his hand on a longer, narrative ballad, such as Edwin and Emma,' and others of that sort :- 13

I.

THE false one met me with a smile,
And held her hand to me,

I pressed it fondly, for no guile
I thought in her could be.

II.

A ring of gold my finger prest!!

I started and she wept ;

I asked her, with an aching breast If thus her faith she kept!

III.

She answered not, but turned her face,
To weep, unseen by me:

I heaved a sigh, and left the place;
And her―eternally.

There are things we like much in the verses of SELIM, but they are accompanied with matter which Will he sit down and write hardly belongs to them. a few, in which he shall resolve to sacrifice nothing whatever to the rhyme?

RUTH writes so delightful a letter, that it will be hard if we do not find something to please us in her book.

With sincere regret do we learn, from Miss Anna Maria Sargeant, the death of her sister, Mrs Hartwell, who graced our pages with some of her cordial and truly feminine effusions. The letter with which Miss Sargeant has favoured us, will be further noticed next week.

The wishes of Mr G. H. L. shall be attended to. The letter of our fair Correspondent, E. S., is duly appreciated.

The Gipsy King's' arrival] was attended with silence, out of no dishonour to him. We have been only taking time to pay him the proper attention.

It has long been our intention to give Specimens of English Poetry, with remarks, after the fashion of the article on Thomson's Castle of Indolence, in Number IX, and agreeably to the recommendAnd ation of the Correspondent who refers to it. we shall certainly pursue this plan in the course of a few weeks.

LONDON: Published by H. HOOPER, Pall Mall East, and supplied to Country Agents by C. KNIGHT, Ludgate-street. From the Steam-Press of C. & W. REYNELL, Little Pulteney-street.

WEDNESDAY, MAY 6, 1835.

-see his Rivals: '—

"With that she dash'd her on the lips,

So dyed double red:

Hard was the heart that gave the blow,
Soft were those lips that bled."

Warner's Albion's England, Book viii, chap. 41.

Sir John Suckling, in his taste of an under lip, is not easily to be surpassed:

"Her lips were red, and one was thin
Compared with that was next her chin,
Some bee had stung it newly.".

The upper lip, observe, was only comparatively thin. Thin lips become none but shrews or niggards. A rosiness beyond that of the cheeks, and a good-tempered sufficiency and plumpness, are the indispensable requisites of a good mouth. Chaucer, a great judge, is very peremptory in this matter:

"With pregnant lips, and thick to kiss percase]
For lippes thin, not fat, but ever lean,
They serve of naught; they be not worth a bean;
For if the vase be full, there is delight."

The Court of Love. For the consolation of those who have thin lips, and are not shrews or niggards, I must give it here as my firm opinion, founded on what I have observed, that lips become more or less contracted, in the course of years, in proportion as they are accustomed to ex press good-humour and generosity, or peevishness and a contracted mind. Remark the effect which a

moment of ill-temper or grudgingness has upon the lips, and judge what may be expected from an habitual series of such moments. Remark the reverse, and make a similar judgment. The mouth is the frankest part of the face. It can the least conceal its sensations. We can hide neither ill-temper with it nor good. We may affect what we please; but affectation will not help us. In a wrong cause, it will

only make our observers resent the endeavour to imThe mouth is the seat of one class pose upon them.

of emotions, as the eyes are of another: or rather, it expresses the same emotions but in greater detail,

and with a more irrepressible tendency to be in motion. It is the region of smiles and dimples, and of a trembling tenderness; of sharp sorrow, of a full and breathing joy, of candour, of reserve, of a carking care, of a liberal sympathy. The mouth, out of its many sensibilities, may be fancied throwing up one great expression into the eyes; as many lights in a city reflect a broad lustre into the heavens. On

the Steam.Press of C. & W. REYNELL. Little Pulteney street.

No. 58.

the other hand, the eyes may be supposed the chief movers, influencing the smaller details of their companion, as heaven influences earth. The first cause in both is internal and deep-seated.

The more we consider beauty, the more we recognise its dependence on sentiment. The handsomest mouth without expression is no better than a mouth in a drawing-book. An ordinary one, on the other hand, with a great deal of expression, shall become charming. One of the handsomest smiles I ever saw in a man, was that of a celebrated statesman who is reckoned plain. How handsome Mrs Jordan was when she laughed; who, nevertheless, was not a beauty. If we only imagine a laugh full of kindness and enjoyment, or a "little giddy laugh," as Marot calls it,-un petit ris follatre, we imagine the mouth handsome as a matter of course: at any rate, for the time. The material obeys the spiritual. Anacreon beautifully describes a lip as "a lip like Persuasion's," and says it calls upon us to kiss it. "Her lips," says Sir Philip Sidney, "though they were kept close with modest silence, yet with a pretty kind of natural swelling, they seemed to invite the guests that looked on them."- Arcadia, Book I. Let me quote another passage from that noble romance, which was written to fill a woman's mind with all beautiful thoughts, and which I never met with a woman that did not like, notwithstanding its faults, and in spite of the critics. "Her tears came dropping down like rain in sunshine; and she not taking heed to wipe the tears, they hung upon her cheeks and lips, as upon cherries, which the dropping tree bedeweth."-Book the Third. Nothing can be more fresh and elegant than this picture.

A mouth should be of good natural dimensions, as well as plump in the lips. When the ancients, among their beauties, make mention of small mouths and lips, they mean small only, as opposed to an excess the other way; a fault very common in the south. The sayings in favour of small mouths, which have been the ruin of so many pretty looks, are very absurd. If there must be an excess either way, it had better be the liberal one. A petty, pursed-up mouth, is fit for nothing but to be left to its self-complacency. Large mouths are oftener found in union with generous dispositions, than very small ones. Beauty should have neither; but a reasonable look of openness and delicacy. It is an

elegance in lips, when, instead of making sharp angles at the corner of the mouth, they retain a certain breadth to the very verge, and show the red. The corner then looks painted with a free and liberal pencil.

Beautiful teeth are of a moderate size, even, and white, not a dead white like fish bones, which has something ghastly in it, but ivory or pearly white with an enamel. Bad teeth in a handsome mouth present a contradiction, which is sometimes extremely to be pitied; for a weak or feverish state of body may occasion them. Teeth, not kept as clean as possible, are unpardonable. Ariosto has a celebrated stanza upon a mouth :

"Sotto quel sta, quasi fra due vallette,
La bocca, sparsa di natio cinabro:
Quivi due filze son di perle elette,
Che chiude ed apre un bello e dolce labro ;
Quindi escon le cortesi parolette

Da render molle ogni cor rozzo e scabro;

PRICE THREE HALFPEnce.

Quivi si forma quel soave riso,
Ch'apre a sua posta in terra il paradiso."
Orlan. Fur. Canto 7.

"Next, as between two little vales appears
The mouth, where spices and vermilion keep:
There lurk the pearls, richer than sultan wears,
Now casketed, now shown, by a sweet lip:
Thence issue the soft words and courteous prayers,
Enough to make a churl for sweetness weep:
And there the smile taketh its rosy rise,
That opens upon earth a paradise.”

To the mouth belong not only its own dimples, but those of the face :

Which a sweet smile forms in a lovely cheek." The chin, to be perfect, should be round and delicate, neither advancing nor retreating too much. If it exceed either way, the latter defect is on the side A of gentleness. The former anticipates old age. rounded and gentle prominence is both spirited and It is an ele. beautiful; and is eminently Grecian. gant countenance (affectation of course apart), where the forehead and eyes have an inclined and overlooking aspect, while the mouth is delicately full and dimpled, and the chin supports it like a cushion, leaning a little upward. A dimple in the chin is almost invariably demanded by the poets, and has a character of grace and tenderness.

NECK AND SHOULDERS. The shoulders in a female ought to be delicately plump, even, and falling without suddenness. Broad shoulders are admired by many. It is difficult not to like them, when handsomely turned. It seems as if "the more of a good, thing the better." At all events, an excess that way may divide opinion, while of the deformity of pinched and mean-looking shoulders there can be no doubt. A good-tempered woman, of the order yelept buxom, not only warrants a pair of expansive shoulders, but Nevertheless, bespeaks our approbation of them. they are undoubtedly a beauty rather on the mascu line than feminine side. They belong to manly strength. Achilles had them. Milton gives them to Adam. His

"Hyacinthine locks

Round from his parted forelock manly hung Clustering; but not beneath his shoulders broad." Fielding takes care to give all his heroes huge calves and Herculean shoulders,-graces, by the way, in which he was himself eminent. Female shoulders ought rather to convey a sentiment of the gentle and acquiescent. They should lean under those of the other sex, as under a protecting shade. Looking at the male and female figure with the eye of a sculptor, our first impression with regard to the one should be, that it is the figure of a noble creature, prompt for action, and with shoulders full of power;-with regard to the other, that it is that of a gentle créature, made to be beloved, and neither active nor powerful, but fruitful:-the mould of humanity. Her greatest breadth ought not to appear to be at the shoulders. The figure should resemble the pear on the tree,

"Winding gently to the waist."

PAPAL AUTHORIZATION OF A PROTESTANT CHAPEL AT ROME, THE Reader is aware that nothing controversial is admitted into the pages of the LONDON JOURNAL; but the principle of excluding discord is the one above all others which should throw open our columns to any remarkable instance of the advancement of knowledge and charity; and we accordingly extract from a late publication the following account of the rise and establishment of the Protestant English Church at Rome. It constitutes the Preface to a learned and interesting volume, intitled Lectures on the Insufficiency of Unrevealed Religion, &c., by the Rev. Richard Burgess, the chaplain to the English Protestants in that city;' and presents, in, the very best and most fitting spirit on the part of the benevolent author, the novel, delightful, and most promising spectacle of a Protestant church permitted, nay, directly authorized, by the Papal sovereign, and distributing its charities alike to Protestant, Papist, and Jew. If this is not a truly Christian spectacle, we know not what is. It is a gentle and unpretending, but on that very account a striking set-off to the unhappy attempts which some persons are making to excite a new life in the embers of old hostilities; and we have a very special pleasure in forwarding the publicity of it for that reason:]— THE existence (says Mr Burgess) of a Protestant chapel at Rome, where the service of the Church of England is regularly performed during six months of the year, is of itself a circumstance worthy of attention; for, whether it be viewed as a striking instance of religious toleration, coming in an unexpected direction, or as the means of softening those prejudices which the comprehensive term of heretic conveys to the vulgar, it cannot fail to be an object of interest to everyone who espouses the cause of civil and religious liberty. The institution is already known to a considerable number of British subjects, who will know how to appreciate the concession which prepared for them the privilege of joining in the public worship of the Church of England at Rome; but it is far from being generally understood that such an act of liberality has proceeded from the council of the Vatican. The author thinks, that every example of religious toleration, come from what quarter it may, is an accession to the cause of truth; and, if there be any merit in those who have overcome prejudice, or who have even made their policy conformable to means which may enable others so to do, it is due to them to acknowledge and commend such liberality in the face of civilized society; for religious toleration, not otherwise than mercy, "is twice blessed :" it blesses those that give, and those that take. If it be necessary to declare a motive for the publication of the following Lectures, which were not originally intended for the press, the author had rather such motive were discovered in the sentiments he has just expressed, than in any opinion he might be supposed to have of the merits of his composition; for the only thing remarkable he has to offer in his Lectures

is, that they were delivered in a Protestant assembly at Rome. It might have been thought too gratuitous in the author to have put forth any statement of the

following nature without some additional inducement, but as an introduction to these Lectures, it will hardly appear superfluous—perhaps it is necessary.

The English chapel may now be considered as having the sanction of the Papal government, although no official grant has yet been made which would ever acknowledge its existence.

As early as the winter of 1816-7, English families began to reside in Rome, in sufficient numbers to require "an house" for public worship: considerable difficulty was then experienced in procuring an apartment to be dedicated to such a purpose: the object was new, alarming, and contrary to the existing laws; but at length, through the influence of Signor Luigi Chiaveri, to whom the English have often been indebted for his kind offices in this respect, a private room was obtained, near the column of Trajan: and thus began the service of the reformed Church of England in the " Holy City!" The duties were discharged by any clergyman who, happening to be present, had the zeal to offer his gratuitous services: the necessary expenses were defrayed by the volun tary contributions of the congregation, and the slender funds administered by the kindness of LieutenantGeneral Ramsay.

As no permission had been obtained from the authorities (for such a demand must necessarily have been met by a refusal), the new "conventicle" owed its existence intirely to the forbearance of the government. But it was not clear whether such mildness might not soon have to yield to the more austere interpreters of the law, and it is said, that the attention of a high dignitary, attracted by the concourse of vehicles during divine service, had nearly proved fatal. There can indeed be no doubt that some representation was formally made of the illegality and danger of permitting such an unheard-of assembly, and a word from the Vatican at that moment might have dissolved the elements of it without doing much violence to the opinion of any one.

The enlightened and liberal Gonsalvi, however, perceiving that the English were at Rome in the nineteenth century, and Catholic Ireland still laboured under civil disabilities, would know nothing of an illegal assembly in the Forum of Trajan, and that assembly duly appreciated his liberality.

It is not to be supposed there was any intention, on the part of the civil authorities, to introduce the principle of religious toleration into the city of Rome: such a supposition would be little less than an impeachment of the minister: nor did the appearance of a new kind of worship work wonders in the sentiments of the listless multitude; but it had the effect of making some of them suspect that heresy, according to the definition they had heard of it, might not be altogether synonymous with infidelity, and the very circumstance of choosing a "festival" (Sunday) for the day of worship, showed at least some traces of church authority. It was soon discovered by the most intelligent of the lower orders, to which, of course, these remarks apply, that the English had a sort of mass of their own, and the solemnity observable in their manner of attending to it was archly compared with the careless genuflections of the Roman Signori. In this manner the forbear. ance of the government was transfused into the minds of such of the populace as thought at all on the subject: it was not provided that it should be so; it was a natural consequence. During the first two or three seasons, such may be considered to have been the secret moral influence of the English congregation; and the most zealous guardians of pontifical authority had nothing to fear, and, it is to be hoped never will have, from any overt acts of proselytism on the part of the officiating ministers. The protection afforded to the new congregation, although but a negative one, had been hitherto sufficient for all practical purposes; but it was still equivocal, and when the old apartment could no longer be procured, it was not possible to induce a private individual to incur the responsibility of

becoming the new landlord; the displeasure of the authorities might be incurred. There was something, which still required explanation, a public

assembly of this nature, in the house of a Roman citizen, might cause him to be placed at the bar of the Inquisition; at the same time a semi-official intimidation was given, that great caution and privacy should be observed by the English in the exercise of their privilege; it would, however, have required a very vigorous execution of the law to prevent a foreigner, who had already his "own hired house," from inviting his countrymen to a private assembly: and under this form (it must be confessed a pretext) divine service was celebrated in a commodious room in the Vicolo degli Avignonesi, situated near the site of the ancient circus of Flora! Thus did the Protestant congregation migrate from Trajan's Forum to the opposite declivity of the Quirinal Hill. The privacy suggested by the secretary of state was, perhaps, the best method of co-operating with his benevolent intentions; a motive less dignified may not be imputed to the virtuous mind of Pope Pius VII. At that period it would not have been difficult to outrage the feelings of many devout plebeians by an over-ready sanction of the nonconformity.' 'Evident marks of pious indignation had been more than once observed in the populace at the sight of the Protestant bier; and although the more enlighted portion of the community were far from joining in this display of superstition, it shows that, if a less liberal policy with regard to the English worship had been adopted by the Government, it would not have been at variance with the then popular feeling: that it was not adopted does honour to the memory of Pius VII and his minister. But ten years have been sufficient

to change that feeling as much in favour of the institution, as ever it could be against the precarious assembly and it is now perhaps regarded by that same populace as the surest pledge of those advantages which they expect to reap from the presence of the English.

In the Autumn of the year 1822, the author first took a share in endeavouring to promote the welfare of the establishment. It was his good fortune to meet on that occasion with a reverend person, now, alas, no more! but whose name is intitled to hold the chief place is this narration. Whatever benefit may finally result from the Institution in question (and it is only intended to speak here of that benefit which consists in a mutual removal of religious strife and prejudice, in which Rome will surely be the gainer), the name of the Rev. Joseph Cooke, is contínually to be kept in remembrance. By his zeal, tempered with discretion and judgment, and by his exertions (in which the author of the following Lectures took but a small part), two essential steps were taken and secured: first, an apartment was hired, avowedly for the celebration of Divine Service; and, secondly, the connivance of the authorities was made equivalent to a sanction. The English worship then first assumed the nature of an establishment: it was held in the Corea Palace, situated in the Via Pontifice, close to the Mausoleum of Augustus. The number of winter residents had now greatly augmented, the congregation consisting of not less than 200 persons, and the assemblage of equipages could not fail to attract the attention of the public.

This word must not be allowed to convey to the reader any false notions. The inquisition at Rome (although contrary in principle to all our ideas of religious liberty) is, at this time, a mild tribunal in its administration; some cases of injustice there must necessarily be, but it is of no use to deal in misrepresentation.

+ Mr Cooke late fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge,) was a man of great literary accomplishments, mingled with solid piety, and devotion to his profession. His ardent pursuit of knowledge led him to undertake a journey inte the East, in 1825, and he appears to have sunk under the fatigue of it; he died suddenly whilst sitting upon his dromedary, in a mountain-pass, called Ras Wady Hebran, about half-way between the Convent of St Catherine and Tor, five miles north of Mount Serbal. He was interred by a Greek Papas, in consecrated ground, near the Twelver Wells of Elim and the Palm Grove. May this tribute of respect for the memory of a good man survive the fleeting pages which contain it!

It was not long before a cry of alarm was raised amidst these proceedings, and the infant institution again trembled for its existence. The officiating ministers were accused of intemperate zeal, a conference was held with an influential personage, and a positive interference of the executive power was now apprehended. This led to the formation of a committee, to be called upon in case of necessity, to act in the name and in behalf of the English residents; there being no diplomatic minister at the court of Rome. But the policy and good sense of Cardinal Gonsalvi were proof against all weak remonstrances, and it was at length intimated to the officiating ministers, that no obstacle would be offered to their temperate proceedings. Encouraged by this protection, Mr Cooke, by means of a public subscription, procured the necessary appendages for a place of worship: the church books could only be obtained through the kindness of Mr Hamilton, British minister at Naples; a beadle was also appointed, with authority to collect the subscriptions, and thus the winter of 1822-3 may be regarded as the commencement of the institution.

The attention of the Protestants resident at Rome had already been directed to the waste-ground alotted for burying their dead. Beyond the Aventine Mount, and under the walls of the city within, stood a few scattered tomb-stones exposed to the trampling of cattle grazing in the Preta del Popolo, and to the still greater injury of human footsteps. Deceney seemed to require that the graves which had just grown green should be secured from further encroachment, and that the few monuments should not be allowed to fall into ruins. A subscription to a considerable amount was collected, for the purpose of carrying the design into effect; but, upon application to the competent authorities, it was alleged, that a wall would obstruct the view of the pyramid of Caius Cestius; and that the trees, which the friends of the deceased loved to plant round the tombs, had already begun the mischief. This answer being received, and no further hopes of success held out, the money subscribed was returned to the original donors, and the circumstance made an unfavourable impression abroad, of the toleration of the Papal Government. In a discussion of the Catholic claims, in the House of Lords, a noble lord, an opposer of those claims, was not slow to cite this as a remarkable instance of Roman Catholic intolerance. It is not clear that it was so; but the act of toleration in permitting the English service, which was evident, ought not to have been passed over in silence: it, perhaps, might not have been known. The discussion in the British Senate was not, however, unheeded in the Vatican council; for, during that very summer, and intirely at the expense of the "Apostolic Chamber," a sunk fence was dug round the old burial-place; another eligible spot of ground beyond the Pyramid was surrounded by a solid wall, and henceforth assigned for the Protestant cemetery. It only remained to secure and build up the sunk fence, for which work permission was now readily obtained, and the year following, the English, in conjunction with the German Protestants, not only secured the old burial-ground, but also raised a fund of a thousand dollars, which vields annually a sum sufficient to keep the whole in repair, and procure the services of a sexton. "The Senate and the Roman people's have a prescriptive right over all that ground about the Monte Testaccio, called the Prata del Popolo; a fee of about two pounds is, therefore, demanded for every interment which takes place. No one will be inclined to consider this extravagant; but the fine (amounting to an equal sum) which is paid into the criminal court of the Cardinal Vicar, awakens a different feeling, and will, no doubt, be abolished, whenever the government of Rome shall have leisure to attend to minor abuses. In the meantime, the cemetery is placed under the protection of the Prussian minister; and those who have to lament the loss of friends interred under the walls of Rome, may at least have this poor consolation, that their bones repose in a becoming security, and their monuments

excite a sympathetic sigh in the breast of many a northern pilgrim!"

In the year following the grant of the new burialground, the author had the great satisfaction of again co-operating with Mr Cooke, in the service of the chapel: it was found impracticable to secure the same apartments for a second season, the apprehension of giving offence to the ecclesiastical authorities having not yet been done away. The excellent Pius VII was now no more, and Leo XII had only appeared as a disciplinarian. After the two first Sundays of the season, the term in the Corea Palace expired, and the congregation of 1823-4, seemed to be dispossessed of all its former privileges. But the precedent having been established, should another situation be to be found in any part of Rome, it could not be thought a more rash experiment than the former had been, were it put in the same requisition. After some difficulty, two commodious rooms were procured in the Via Rasella, a street which lies nearly under the garden-wall of the Quirinal Palace, the occasional residence of the Pope. The adopting of this situation will appear nothing extraordinary to those who are acquainted with Rome: and if the new government had been capable of taking offence at a meeting of heretics, because it had approached so near the precincts of the Papal ́ gardens, it would equally have discovered the blemish upon the "holy city" in a more remote "rione;" but Leo XII, whose wisdom as a sovereign has been too little appreciated, and his piety too much disparaged, reasoned like a statesman. "It is much better," said the Holy Father, "to permit the continuance of this assembly; for, if it be prohibited, the English cannot be prevented from meeting in small numbers at their own private abodes, and thus, instead of one such congregation, we shall have twenty." It had not, probably, escaped the notice of Leo XII, that the English chapel had not yet shared in those wholesome regulations which were introduced by him, for preserving the internal order of the city. The weekly assemblage of carriages at a stated time and place, could not fail to attract the curiosity of the Roman people, which the presence of a police-officer might easily restrain. Without any application on the part of the officiating clergyman, and without any previous intimation from any quarter, Mr Cooke and the author were not more surprised than rejoiced to find, upon arriving to perform the morning service, two sentinels stationed at the chapel door. The carriages had all disappeared from their usual rendezvous, in consequence of a general order of the police: a more than common silence pervading the neighbourhood of the Via Rasella, it was now evident the authorities had at length interfered; but they interfered for the protection of the English congregation. To Pope Leo XII then they are indebted for this great privilege, which may be said to have thus received his sanction in January 1824. Thus encouraged, and being assured from a private communication, that it was the intention of the government to allow the English the free exercise of their worship, the officiating ministers now performed Divine service in their canonical robes. The propriety of making some suitable 'return for this privilege was next suggested, and hence the origin of the charitable fund, which will be mentioned in the sequel.

The spiritual duties of the chapel were gratuitously discharged, and all clergymen of the Established Church, who happened to be Rome, were invited to contribute their services: the rent of the apartment and incidental expenses were supplied by voluntary subscription, the administration of which fund gradually became the business of the committee, which had been originally formed for the purposes before-mentioned. The author cannot let pass this opportunity of acknowledging the important and continued exertions of the Marquis of Northamp

• Two English poets are interred in the Old and New Burial-grounds respectively. John Keats and Percy Bysshe

ton, and the Jaudable services of Dr James Clarke, (author of the Influence of Climate,' &c.) during his long residence in Rome.

The number of British travellers in Italy increased so greatly, that the rooms in the Via Rasella were far from being sufficiently large for the Protestant Anglo-Roman congregation, nor was their site one of the most convenient. Accordingly, in the year 1824-5, the committee exerted itself to find a place at once more appropriate and more permanent: it was desirable to fix the wandering congregation, which had now almost made the circuit of the Campus Martius. During the first few weeks of the season, the anxiety of former years was renewed; but at length, after diligent inquiry, the capacity of a chapel was discovered in a large granary near the Porta del Popolo: it became expedient to have a lease of a building which must needs be fitted up at a considerable expense, before it could answer the purpose. The income, however, necessary for defraying the yearly rent, dopending on the contingency of future congregations, there were no funds to answer any engagement beyond the year. The committee was relieved from this embarrassment by the generous and patriotic offer of a distinguished statesman, who guaranteed the payment of the rent for three years in case of the English ceasing, from any unforeseen cause, during that period, to resort to Rome. The institution was not less indebted on that occasion to the professional services of the Rev. J. Hugh Rose.

It. has been supposed by many, that the chapel was removed without the walls of the city at the instance of the civil authorities, which is an erroneous notion, and ought in justice to be corrected. The government approved of the situation, but the committee were not controlled in choice of it. Indeed, it would have been hardly possible to have procured, within the city walls, a room sufficiently commodious, and in every other respect so convenient for the large congregation, which is now to be seen in the English chapel, upon which, at different periods, not less than a sum of 2507. has been expended in bringing it to its present form. The author has witnessed as many as five hundred and fifty persons within its walls; and those who have seen it since the year 1829, will agree that there is nothing wanting in it for all the purposes of a Church of England congregation.

During the two succeeding winters the duties of the chapel were discharged, as before, by the gratuitous services of clergymen casually resident at Rome; but, in the year 1827, the committee decided to ensure the performance of the regular duty by erecting it into a chaplaincy, their finances enabling them to offer a salary of 1002. per annum.

In considering the happy influence gradually effected in the minds of the common people by the

growth of this institution, the charitable fund already alluded to is an important feature. It consisted at first of the alms collected at the holy communion, which, in the former seasons, amounted to a coin

paratively small sum. Ia Mr Cooke's first year, the sum total was about 150 dollars; it increased every succeeding season, together with the number of com municants, until it reached, in the year 1826 and 1827, the sum of 100%. Cases of distressed British subjects being very rare at Rome, the whole of this fund was applied to the relief of the Italian paupers ; in 1827 and 1828 it grew into still greater import

ance.

The number of applicants, as may be casily imagined, was by far too heavy for the funds: about 200 names were already inscribed in the list, which reduced the monthly relief to a very small pittance, so that, without either diminishing the number of pensioners, or increasing the funds for a more generous relief of the whole, the charity was in danger of promoting mendicity, rather than adapted to the effectual succour of the deserving indigent, and the encouragement of honest industry. It was only necessary to make the circumstances known to

friends from the gulf of Spezia.

recourse to the means of a charity sermon,'