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DIVINE retribution always belongs to eternity, and is distant and vague; human retribution is uncertain, depending upon discovery, and other fortuitous circumstances; but moral retribution is as sure as life, as sure as death, as sure as the sin out of whose bosom it springs-as natural as pos that follows the contact of fire.

the

EARLY RISING.

THERE is no time spent so stupidly as that which inconsiderate people pass in a morning, between sleeping and waking. He who is awake, may be at work or at play; he who is asleep, is receiving the refreshment necessary to fit him for action; but the hours spent in dozing and slumbering are wasted, without either pleasure ori

Hund legal retribution we may profit.-The sooner you leave your bedja

elude by concealment or flight; divine
retribution we may avert by a timely re-
but moral retribution we must
that, not by the arbitrary
sentence of a despot, but by the natural
action
on of an equitable law, old as eternity
immutable as God.

the seldomer you will be confined to it,d for early rising conduces to healthfuluess When old people have been examined fing order to ascertain the cause of their slona gevity, they have uniformly agreed in one o thing only, that they" all went to bed, and i all rose early." bosh ozis ei es q

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name:

Before its shrine earth's noblest sons have knelt, And love hath kindled at its generous flame. Wealth ne'er could purchase what it freely gives; It throws aside the mask by selfish mortals worn;

For love-for truth-for honesty, it lives,

And smiles for ever as a summer morn.
The soul's fair flowers are nourish'd by its ray,
And falling tears are by its influence dried;
It charms the bitter sting of poverty away,

And calms the heart when by affliction tried,
Some truthless souls have put its mantle on,
But, loving gaudier garbs, have set it soon
aside;

Or in its folds through Falsehood's paths have gone,

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And all the attributes of its good name denied. But these can leave no blemish on its clownSpots mark the sun, but do not hide its light! The stream which rusheth from the mountain down,

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Laughs at the rocks which forced it up the height.

Friendship! to thee these words of praise belong! Oh, may thy influence spread throughout the earth!

Be thou the favour'd theme of toast and song, Uniting heart to heart in ties of honest worth. Spirits may mingle in thy magic spell,

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And numbers centre in the faithful breast of one;

The dead may live, and in affection dwell,

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The generous sun is beaming, love,
Forth from the azure sky; w wells
And every thing is seeming, love, urte
To lay its sorrow by.
There's gold upon the mountain, love,
And emerald in the vale;
And diamonds by the fountain, love,
And perfumes on the gale.
Oh! set aside thy sadness, love,
Our sorrows all are past;
Now may the songs of gladness, love,
Begin, and ever last.

And let fond recollections, love,
Of joys we both have known,
Renew the sweet affections, love,

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In our first summers shown.-THE EDITOR.

"EXCELSIOR."

THE shades of night were falling fast,
As through an Alpine village pass'd
A youth, who bore, mid snow and ice,
A banner with this strange device-EXCELSIOR!
His brow was sad; his eye beneath
Flash'd like a falchion from its sheath;
And like a silver clarion rung

The accents of that unknown tongue-EXCELSTOR!
In happy homes he saw the light

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Of household fires gleam warm and bright; Above, the spectral glaciers shone, And from his lips escaped a groan-EXCELSIOR! "Try not the pass!" the old man said, "Dark lowers the tempest overhead, The roaring torrent is deep and wide!" And loud that clarion voice replied-EXCELSIOR! "Oh, stay," the maiden said, "and rest, Thy weary head upon this breast!"

A tear stood in his bright blue eye,

Though calmly resting, with their earthly mis- But still he answer'd with a sigh-EXCELSIOR!

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USEFUL RECEIPTS. [We continue the publication of Useful Hints and Receipts of every variety of character. To our Friends who have already assisted us in this valuable department, we return our cordial thanks: and we invite further contributions from all who are able to offer even a slight suggestion for the general benefit of our large family.]

Liquid Glue.-Pour naphtha upon shell-lac until of a creamy consistency, and keep in a bottle, never allowing it to remain uncorked for any length of time. This glue will unite iron, wood, glass, &c.; is quite waterproof, and dries in a few minutes.E. A. C., Brighton,

A cheap but good Tooth-Powder.-Cut a slice of bread as thick as may be, into squares, and burn in the fire until it becomes charcoal, after which pound in a mortar, and sift through a fine muslin; it is then ready for use. I can answer for its efficacy, having used it continually, for upwards of eight years.-G. M. F. G.

To remove Ink Stains from Wood, &c.-As much oxalic acid as will lay on a sixpence, dissolved in a tablespoonful of hot water; lay some on the wood, and rub hard with a cork until the stain disappears; then wash and repolish. The above will remove the stain, without injury to the colour of the wood, mahogany, or any other kind. It also cleans the brass work. Cost, one penny or less.-H. N.

ago I was perfectly lame, caused by my corns; well, thinks I, it can't do any harm if it does no good; and, would you believe it? I had not had it on above ten minutes, when I could walk as if I never had corns. Not having any sweet oil at hand, FA got my sister to make me a little wash-leather bag, T which I filled with lard; the result was as above described. I hope you will insert this in your Friend, and if only for that, it will prove a real friend to those troubled with corns-it wants spreading far and wide.-R. Leicester.

Gingerbread.-Having observed in your valu able publication several receipts for gingerbread, I take the liberty of enclosing you one, which I think your readers will find superior to any. We have long used it, and it has always found peculiar favour with our own brothers, in their occasional visits home, and with school boys, and other youngsters frequenting the house-no mean authority in respect of holiday cakes:--One and a quarter pound of flour, quarter of a pound of Scotch oatmeal, one and a half pound of treacle, one pound brown sugar, half a pound of butter, three ounces of ginger, seven eggs, some orangepeel, and caraways if liked. Put the treacle, sugar, and butter, on the fire together till hot; then beat them well, and add a teaspoonful of pearlash; then beat the eggs well and add them. Add the other ingredients, mixing all well together with a spoon, in a large bowl; let the mixture stand two hours before the fire; pour it into a shape, and bake in a slow oven.

To make a fac-simile of a Leaf, in Copper.This beautiful experiment can be performed by any person in possession of a common galvanie battery. The process is as follows:-Soften a piece of gutta percha over a candle, or before a fire; knead it with the moist fingers upon a table, until the surface is perfectly smooth, and large

For Sprains and Bruises.-Take one pint of train oil, half a pound of stone pitch, half a pound of resin, half a pound of bees-wax, and half a pound of stale tallow, or in like proportion. Boil them together for about half an hour, skim off the scum, and pour the liquid into cups, and when cold, it will be ready for use. When needed, it must be spread as thick, but not thicker, than blis-enough to cover the leaf to be copied; lay the leaf ter salve, upon a piece of coarse flaxen cloth. Apply it to the part sprained or bruised, and let it remain for a day or more; it will give almost immediate relief, and one or two plasters will be sufficient for a perfect cure. [I can answer for its efficacy, having tried it myself, recommended it to others, and in each case with perfect success.]the zinc end of the battery, (which can easily be G. M. F. G.

Honey Soap. I have used the "honey soap," recommended in your useful little work, for some months past, and found it very good; but lately I have tried the "palm oil" recommended by another correspondent, which is a very great improvement. I make it in the following manner :Cut thin two pounds of yellow soap into a double saucepan, occasionally stirring it till it is melted, which will be in a few minutes if the water is kept boiling around it; then add quarter of a pound of palm oil, quarter of a pound of honey, three pennyworth of true oil of cinnamon; let all boil together another six or eight minutes; pour out and stand ft by till next day, it is then fit for immediate use. If made as these directions it will be found to be a very superior soap. I prefer it to any I know. -MARY, Newbury.

Corns in the Family Friend I saw a receipt for curing corns, by ivy-leaves and vinegar. Ivy leaves are not always at hand, especially in manufacturing districts. I afterwards met with a receipt which can be adopted much more easily and quickly, namely, merely rubbing upon the corn, night and morning, a little sweet oil, A few days

flat upon the surface, and press every part well into the gutta percha. In about five minutes the leaf may be removed, when, if the operation has been carefully performed, a perfect impression of the leaf will be made on the gutta percha. This must now be attached to the wire in connexion with

done by heating the end of the wire, and pressing it into the gutta percha), dusted well over with the best black lead, with a camel's hair brush the object of which is to render it a conductor of electricity-and then completely immersed in a saturated solution of sulphate of copper. A piece of copper attached to the wire in connexion with the copper end of the battery, must also be inserted into the copper solution, facing the gutta percha, but not touching it; this not only acts as a conductor to the electricity, but also maintains the solution of copper of a permanent strength. In a short time, the copper will be found to creep over the whole surface of the gutta percha, and in about twenty-four hours, a thick deposit of copper will be obtained, which may then be detached from the mould. The accuracy with which a leaf may thus be cast is truly surprising. I have in my possession a cast of a hazel-leaf made by the process, which nobody would take to be a production of art; every fibre and nerve, in fact, the minutest part is delineated with the utmost fidelity.-JOHN LEACHMAN. [We have received several beautiful copper impressions of leaves from our valued contributor.]

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Such were our feelings as we carefully removed looking on them with some

our ferns and parde, when notleing that not even the

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smallest pinnæ had been injured in drying not yet a single root distorted from its place. Then came the pleasure of arranging them, of assigning the mosses to our moss-books, and the ferns to occupy the pages of a larger volume, the writing of their names, and where they grew, with such botanic memoranda concerning cromlechs and old rocking-stones, ancient bridges across racing tor rents, and the trees of Wistman's Wood, as brought up pleasant memories of our rambles on that wild moor, which has no parallel in British scenery.

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We gave you, botanical friends, drawings of the

ferns, but one wet day did not suffice for de lineating such mosses as we gathered. Accept them now, for we are at home again, and have abundant leisure for the employment of our pencil. But first let us consider the component parts of these small plants, and reflect for a brief space on their admirable construction.

Observe those urn or vase-shaped vessels, on the summit of stems or peduncles arising from among KIST D -ba gey+

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green foliage! They contain innumerable seeds, which are either sown by winds when ripe, or scattered immediately upon the earth, and the base of the upholding stem, closely examined, discovers a sheath of scaly leaves. Those leaves were all-important to the welfare of the plant; before the peduncle springs up to light and air, they serve as a kind of calyx to protect the embryo fruit, and bear the name of sheath or perichetium: a capsule, b pedicle, c sheath. Observe, also, two important parts connected with the capsule, before the period when it splits open, and its contents are scattered abroad-d the operculum or lid, which closes the mouth, and e the calyptra or veil, which covers both the lid and capsule like a conical roof; fis the fringe or peristome, (peristomium), which becomes apparent when the seeds being fully ripe no longer require protection, and the casting off of the lid discovers the opening, which is generally ornamented by a circle of saw-like teeth. -10Mosses are exquisitely varied, and many of the stems which uphold flowers containing one ora more stamens, but eno pistils, have a starlike appearance at the top. Beautiful in their minuteness, they form interesting objects for the microscope their serrated and ribbeds leaves are uniformly thin, pellucid, and veined like network;

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the roots are fibrous; and not unfrequently both stems and branches throw out fine roots whenever they come in contact with the earth, or any sup porting substance. Some few are so exquisitely fine as to require a high magnifier in order to discover their various parts; yet even these have stems and capsules, and occasionally present the appearance of fairy trees; more generally they are from one to three inches high, though the great Hair-moss (Polytrichum commune), and some kinds of bog-moss, which grow in watery places, are nearly two feet in height.

Obtain a microscope, if you wish to study mosses attentively, and to become acquainted with the most delicate species; one with a simple lens will magnify sufficiently, and for this purpose ing to the suggestion of Dr. Drummond. If on we recommend Ellis's aquatic microscope, accordthe contrary, you are contented with less close investigations, a common magnifying glass, pur chased for a few shillings, will suffice. Thus will a new world be opened to your minds; and many a moss or lichen-dotted stone, that would other wise be passed unheeded, will become suggestive of much that is worthy of regardi

Ireland has been deservedly called the paradise of mosses; some of the most beautiful species

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grow there abundantly, beneath the shade of trees, H. Purum.-Leaves closely imbricated, oval, with in marshes, and beside waterfalls; the Fontinalis antipyretica, or Greater Water-moss, especially, which delights in the neighbourhood of cataracts, and flourishes the most where a racing stream eddies, beside its growing place, and tosses on high its billowy spray. Such as grow in tropical regions prefer the shade of rocks, especially when assigned to alpine heights, where the temperature of the climate is rendered moderate by their elevation.

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K. PURUMIT

The brotherhood, like most of their cryptogamic relatives, are tenacious of life; even when ap parently dead, a shower presently revives them. They thrive, too, in places unfavourable for general vegetation; and hence, wherever a wandering a very short point, concave, their nerve reaching sunbeam enters, or breezes gain access, some half-way up; capsule ovate; lid conical. To analy

tiny moss, it may be, finds a home. You may discover them equally in cold, damp caverns, and in fissures among rocks, or on walls open to the sun.

Wonderful it is, that when some species are subjected to great drought at the time appointed for ripening their seeds, they acquire the property of absorbing and retaining moisture, like succulent plants; the process of ripening consequently advances rapidly, even if the heavens deny rain, and the earth is hard as iron. But though assigned to different regions of the globe, and various growing places in this country, they generally affect temperate and cold regions, and often, in companionship with lichens, present the last trace of vegetation towards the limits of perpetual snow. Their uses are multifarious-they protect young plants and seeds during the heat of summer, and in the depth of winter, and form retreats for insects and small animals. Travellers who explore the vast forests that extend far north, relate that the trunks and branches of the trees are covered with mosses, especially on the northern side; and that by means of these natural indications, those who traverse them in quest of animals readily find their way.

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halaisopge smosed n alemia d HYPNUM CURTIPENDULUM. AENEA 200700 2103 7 Hot How cosi Abundant in mountainous countries-rare on plains; somewhat restricted, also, in its localities, the only station where this moss has been disCovered in the eastern angle of Great Britain, is on the sandy waste near Yarmouth. The dark and almost blackish green, cylindrical, and straggling, though somewhat pinnate stems of the shining Feather-mossi care very peculiar. Hooker speaks of gathering it in the wildest parts of Dartmoor, at least eight of ten inches long, and in a fine state of fructification sd 10 to 20

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H. Lucens.-Leaves ovate, nerve disappearing below the point; fruit-stalks long; capsule ovate. We cannot, perhaps, do better than occupy the remaining pages with observations transcribed from our note-books, relative to such ferns as we have gathered in our botanic rambles, whether near our home, or in distant localities.

The Marsh-fern or Lastrea thelypteris; Polypodium thelypteris of Withering, Lightfoot, Ber kenhout, and Hudson, and bearing at least four names assigned by botanists, is one of our rarest and most local species. It abounds in wet and marshy grounds, and moist woods, and bogs, where its black, slender, and wiry rhizoma often creeps to a wide extent. The roots are also dark, fibrous, and, in some instances, very long; they frequently penetrate to considerable depth, while the rhi zoma spreads widely and horizontally.

This local species is unknown in Wales and Scotland, and in Ireland is generally believed to be restricted to the county of Antrim, near the north-east coast of Lough Neagh., om sy zozolo "On Lough Neagh's banks, where the fisherman strays, When the clear cold eve's declining, it sa And sees the round tower of other days 29 of In the stream beneath him shining." 22 79° 30' or Throughout England, the localities of the Marsh‣ fern are widely spread, but universally of a moist and humid character. Learmouth Bogs, in Northumberland, are consequently its favourite re sort; as also marshy places in Cheshire; Whistlesea Mere, Cambridgeshire; Filsby, Ormsby, Bolton Bay, Horning Marshes, Kent; Norfolk; Ham Pond, near Sandwich where it luxuriates in the meadows, and banishes all other ferns from

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