ARTICLE III.

ADJECTIVES USED AS NOUNS.

Section 1.

Common adjectives used as nouns in the plural.

EXAMPLES.

1. The meek shall inherit the earth (a). 2. The pure in heart shall see God. 3. The wicked flee, when no man pursueth. 4. The righteous are as bold as a lion. 5. The rich should help the poor. 6. The learned should instruct the ignorant. 7. The powerful should protect the weak. 8. The idle should not share the gains of the industrious. 9. The proud shall be abased. 10. The humble shall be exalted.

11. The aged must die, and the young may die. 12. None but the brave deserve the fair. 13. God causes the sun to rise upon the evil and upon the good, and sends rain upon the just and upon the unjust. 14. The battle is not to the strong alone; it is to the vigilant, the active, the brave.--Patrick Henry.

MODELS FOR PARSING.

(a) Meek is an adjective relating to the noun persons understood.-Rule VII.

OTHERWISE.

Meek is an adj. used as a noun, com., 3d, plu., masc., nom., and subj. of shall inherit.-Rule VIII.

Shall inherit is a verb, etc., agreeing either with meek as its subj., or with persons understood.—Rule IX.

Section 2.

Common adjectives used as nouns in the singular, and denoting persons.

EXAMPLES.

1. The wicked is snared in the transgression of his lips (a). 2. The wicked is driven away in his wickedness, but the righteous hath hope in his death. 3. The hand of the valiant shall bear rule. 4. The heart of the wise asketh instruction. 5. The hand of the diligent maketh rich. 6. The memory of the just shall be blessed, but the memory of the wicked shall rot. 7. The simple believeth every word.

MODELS FOR PARSING.

(a) Wicked is an adjective qualifying the noun man, or person,

understood.-Rule VII.

Is snared is a verb, etc., agreeing with its subj. person understood.-Rule IX.

OTHERWISE.

Wicked is an adjective used as a noun, masc., 3d, sing., nom., and is the subj. of is snared.-Rule VIII.

Is snared is a verb, etc., agreeing with its subject wicked in the third person singular.-Rule IX.

Section 3.

Common adjectives used as abstract nouns.

EXAMPLES.

1. Longinus wrote a treatise on the sublime (a). 2. It was a pageant rivaled in the elements of the grand and the pathetic only by the journey of our Washington. 3. We take our last leave of earth, and

P. M.-3.

of our further voyage there is no witness but the Infinite and the Eternal. 4. The blue and the russet were predominant. 5. There is but one step between the sublime

and the ridiculous.

MODEL FOR PARSING.

It is com.,

(a) Sublime is an adj. used as an abstract noun. 3d, sing., neut., obj., and is governed by the preposition on.--Rule IV.

was

Section 4.

Proper adjectives used as nouns.

EXAMPLES.

1. Franklin was an American (a). 2. Demosthenes an Athenian. 3. Hannibal was a Carthagenian. 4. Scipio was a Roman. 5. The English are brave (b). 6. The French are gay. 7. The Chinese are ingenious.

MODELS FOR PARSING.

(a) American is a proper adjective qualifying the noun man understood.-Rule VII.

Man understood is a noun, etc., and nom. after was.- -Rule X.

OTHERWISE.

American is a noun, com., etc., and nom. after was.-Rule X. (b) English is a proper adjective qualifying the noun people understood.-Rule VII.

Are is a verb, etc.; 3d, plu., to agree with its subj. people understood.-Rule IX.

OTHERWISE.

English is a proper adj. used as a noun, com., masc., 3d, plu., nom., and subj. of are.-Rule VIII.

Are is a verb, etc.; 3d, plu., agreeing with its subj. English expressed, or with people understood.

Section 5.

Numeral adjectives used as nouns.

(a) Cardinal numerals.

EXAMPLES.

1. Columbus discovered America in the year 1492 (a). 2. The error may be found on page two hundred and forty-five. 3. We dine at twelve (b).

MODELS FOR PARSING.

(a) 1492 is a noun, prop., neut., 3d, sing., obj., and put in apposition with year.—Rule I.

(b) Twelve is a numeral adj. used as a noun, prop., neut., 3d, sing., obj., and governed by the prep. at.—Rule IV.

(b) Ordinal numerals.

EXAMPLES.

1. George the Third reigned longer than any other English king (a). 2. Louis the Sixteenth was beheaded. 3. Napoleon the First was a native of Corsica.

MODEL FOR PARSING.

(a) Third is a numeral adjective of the ordinal kind, and relates to king of that name understood.-Rule VII.

OTHERWISE.

Third is an ordinal numeral adjective used as a noun, prop., masc., 3d, sing., nom., and in apposition with George.-Rule I.

ARTICLE IV.

WORDS USED AS NOUNS INDEPENDENTLY OF THEIR MEANING.

EXAMPLES.

1. Us is a personal pronoun (a). 2. Is is an intransitive verb. 3. Is is an intransitive verb? 4. And is a

conjunction. 5. The is the definite article. 6. Beautiful is an adjective. 7. Could have been is a verb in the potential mode (b). 8. Harsh and hard-hearted are epithets allotted to the creditor (c).

9. But most [*] by numbers judge a poet's song, And rough or smooth with them is right or wrong. * Supply persons.

MODELS FOR PARSING.

(a) Us is a noun, prop., neut., 3d, sing., nom., and subj. of the verb is. Rule VIII.

(b) Could have been is a noun, prop., neut., 3d, sing., and subj. of the verb is.-Rule VIII.

(c) Harsh and hard-hearted are nouns, prop., neut., 3d, sing., and subjects of the verb are.—Rule VIII.

ARTICLE V.

PHRASES USED AS NOUNS.

Section 1.

Phrases consisting of the infinitive of an intransitive or passive verb, and of a noun following the infinitive.