of Charles Anthony Swainson [q. v.], and Hort was elected on 26 Oct. In 1890 the appointment of Dr. Westcott to the see of Durham, in the place of Lightfoot, left him the survivor of the three scholar friends at Cambridge. On 1 May 1890 Hort preached the sermon in Westminster Abbey at Dr. Westcott's consecration. On 23 May the honorary degree of D.C.L. was conferred on him at Durham. But his health, which for years had not been robust, now began to fail, although his mental activity was unimpaired. In 1891 he appointed the Rev. Frederic Wallis of Gonville and Caius College (now bishop of Wellington) to act as his deputy. In the summer of 1892 he went to Switzerland, but he was brought home in September in a very prostrate condition. Even so, however, he was able to write under great pressure the full and interesting biography of his old friend Dr. Lightfoot for the present Dictionary.' It was a last effort; it seemed as if it exhausted the remaining threads of strength. He died in sleep in the early morning of 30 Nov. 1892. A portrait of Hort was painted in 1891, by Mr. Jacomb Hood, for Emmanuel College combination room; copies are in the hall of Trinity College, in the library of the divinity school, Cambridge, at Rugby, and in the possession of Mrs. Hort. In appearance, as the writer recalls him between 1875 and 1892, Hort was one of the most striking-looking men among the more distinguished personages of his university. He was of middle height; he had the slight stoop of an indefatigable reader; his hair and closecut beard, moustache, and whiskers were prematurely white. He had well-cut features, with a strikingly fine and broad forehead. He was, as a young man, an ardent mountaineer, and one of the earliest members of the Alpine Club. His interest in natural science was always maintained, and he was a first-rate practical botanist. He had a good ear for music, and as a young man sang a good deal. He had a love for poetry, and himself had something of true poetical gift (cf. his poem on Tintern Abbey,' written in 1855, in the Life and Letters, i. 301). As a lecturer he always maintained a high level. His lectures were prepared beforehand with most laborious care; many of them have been published since his death, almost word for word as he delivered them. Although, owing to his fastidiousness and passion for thoroughness, he produced comparatively little literary work, he was able by his superb stores of knowledge to aid scholars who from every quarter sought his assistance and counsel. In his latter years he obtained a remarkable hold over younger teachers and scholars. In theological matters he kept strictly aloof from party movements and controversies. His historical sense dominated his whole mind. He could not be a partisan. His lectures on 'The Christian Ecclesia' and Judaistic Christianity' illustrate his capacity for working in a dry light.' He aimed only at arriving at truth, not at confirming opinion. He always vehemently contended for Holy Scripture being made the foundation of all English theological teaching, and insisted on doctrine being studied in the light of history. His own attitude of mind was one of intense reverence for the past, and of boldness in the simplicity of a strong faith (cf. FAIRBAIRN, Catholicism, Roman and Anglican, p. 406). He was no mere schoolman, engrossed in texts and readings, as the outside world supposed. He combined in a rare measure the scholar and the thinker; and in some of the posthumous writings which have been published, notably in his Hulsean Lectures,' it is not hard to discern that, in spite of the long discipline of scientific criticism and textual classification, he kept alive the aspiration to express constructively and philosophically his own interpretation of the Christian position in relation to the problems of modern thought. Dr. Sanday called him (American Journal of Theology, pp. 95-117) 'our greatest English theologian of the century." Distinguished foreign scholars like Dr. Caspar René Gregory (Realencyclopädie f. prot. Theologie u. Kirche, 3 Aufl.) and Dr. Samuel Berger (d. 1900), the French protestant biblical scholar (Des Études d'Histoire Ecclésiastique: Leçon d'ouverture, 3 Nov. 1899, Paris, 1899) were as enthusiastic as his own countrymen in their testimonies to the eminence of Hort's achievements in New Testament criticism. A complete bibliography of Hort's writings published during his lifetime will be found in Appendix iii. (pp. 492-5) of the second volume of The Life and Letters.' The more important of those published during his lifetime have been already mentioned. The fol lowing have been published posthumously: 1. The Way, the Truth, the Life,' 1893 (Hulsean Lectures for 1871). 2. Judaistic Christianity,' 1894. 3. 'Prolegomena to St. Paul's Epistles to the Romans and Ephesians,' 1895. 4. Six Popular Lectures on the Ante-Nicene Fathers,' 1895. 5. The Christian Ecclesia, a Course of Lectures on the Early History and Early Conception of the Ecclesia, and Four Sermons,' 1897. 6. 'Vil lage Sermons,' 1897. 7. Cambridge and other Sermons,' 1898. 8. 'The First Epistle of St. Peter, 1. i-ii. 17, the Greek Text with Introductory Lecture, Commentary, and Additional Notes,' 1898. 9. 'Village Sermons in Outline,' 1900. [The Life and Letters of Fenton J. A. Hort, by his son, Arthur Fenton Hort (2 vols. 1896); personal knowledge.] HERBERT EXON. HOSTE, SIR GEORGE CHARLES (1786-1845), colonel royal engineers, third son of the Rev. Dixon Hoste, rector of Tittleshall, Norfolk, and of Margaret, daughter of Henry Stanforth of Salthouse, Norfolk, and brother of Captain Sir William Hoste, R.N. [q.v.], first baronet, was born on 10 March 1786. After passing through the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich he' obtained a commission as second lieutenant in the royal engineers on 20 Dec. 1802. His further commissions were dated: lieutenant 21 Dec. 1802, second captain 18 Nov. 1807, captain 21 May 1812, brevet major 17 March 1814, lieutenant-colonel 29 July 1825, brevet colonel 28 June 1838, colonel 23 Nov. 1841. After home service at Portsmouth and Dover, Hoste went to the Mediterranean in April 1805, and accompanied the expedition under Lieutenant-general Sir James Craig [q. v.] in November, to co-operate with the Russians in the protection of the kingdom of Naples. He landed at Castellamare and took part in the operations and in the withdrawal to Messina in January 1806. At the end of June he served in the campaign in Calabria under Sir John Stuart [q. v.], and was present at the battle of Maida on 4 July and at the siege of Scylla Castle from 12 to 23 July, when it capitulated. He returned with Stuart to Messina. In March 1807 Hoste accompanied the expedition under Major-general McKenzie Fraser to Egypt, landed at Aboukir on the 16th, and took part on the 18th in storming the outworks of Alexandria, which capitulated, and was occupied on the 22nd. In April he took part in the siege of Rosetta until the disastrous retirement to Alexandria, and, on the evacuation of Egypt by the British, returned to Sicily with the troops in September. He was busily engaged during 1808 and 1809 in improving the defences and communications of the east of Sicily to resist attack. The surrender of Capri to Murat in October 1808 led to an expedition under Sir John Stuart in the following June to the bay of Naples, when Hoste was engaged in the capture of Ischia and Procida on the 25th, and in the siege of the castle of Ischia, He re which capitulated on the 30th. In May 1810 he was on board the Spartan frigate, commanded by Captain Jahleel Brenton [q. v.], on reconnoitring duty; when off the bay of Naples on the 3rd, the Spartan Brenton's request he took command of the was attacked by a French squadron. At quarter-deck guns. After a smart and successful action, in which the Spartan lost ten killed and twenty-two wounded, she stood in triumphantly with her prize, La Sparvière, to the Mole of Naples, where Murat had watched the fight. In his despatch Brenton speaks highly of Hoste's services. King Ferdinand conferred upon him the honour of knighthood of the third class of the royal Sicilian order of St. Ferdinand and of Merit for great courage and intrepidity' on this occasion, and he was permitted by the prince regent to accept and wear the insignia (Lond. Gaz. 27 Nov. 1811). In December 1810 Hoste left Sicily for Gibraltar, and in May 1811, having returned to England, was stationed at Landguard Fort. On 4 Jan. 1812 he accidentally killed his younger brother, Charles Fox, when out shooting. In November 1813 he accompanied the brigade of guards in the expedition to Holland, landing on the 24th and marching to Delft. He was engaged under Sir Thomas Graham, afterwards Lord Lynedoch [q.v.], in the bombardment of Antwerp in February 1814 until it was abandoned, and in the night assault of Bergen-op-Zoom on 8 March, when he led the third column, consisting of about a thousand men of the guards under Colonel Lord Proby, into the place. At daybreak, owing to successive blunders, the assaulting columns were withdrawn when the fortress was almost within their grasp. Hoste was very favourably mentioned by Graham in despatches for his services, and received a brevet majority. After the conclusion of peace Hoste returned home in May and resumed his duties in the eastern military district, from which he was again called a year later to join Wellington's army in the Netherlands in June 1815. He was appointed commanding royal engineer of the 1st army corps commanded by the prince of Orange, in which capacity he was present at the battles of Quatre Bras on the 16th, and Waterloo on the 18th, at the assault of Péronne on the 26th, and the occupation of Paris on 7 July. For his services he was mentioned in despatches and made a companion of the order of the Bath, military division (22 June 1815), on the recommendation of the Duke of Wellington. In November 1815 he was one of the British commissioners appointed to take over the French fortresses for occupation by the allies. In February 1816 Hoste returned to England, and for the next nine years was employed in the Medway and Thames military districts, after which he went on particular service to Canada in 1825, and to Ireland in 1828. On the accession of William IV in 1830, he was appointed gentleman usher of the privy chamber to Queen Adelaide. He served as commanding royal engineer of the eastern, western, and Woolwich military districts successively. He died at his residence, Mill Hill, Woolwich, on 21 April 1845, and was buried in Charlton churchyard, Kent, where a tomb marks the grave. Hoste married, on 9 July 1812, Mary, only daughter of James Burkin Burroughes of Burlingham Hall, Norfolk, by whom he had issue four sons and two daughters. [Royal Engineers' Records; Despatches; Ann. Register, 1845; European Mag. 1812; Gent. Mag. 1810 and 1815; Porter's Hist. of the Royal Engineers; Royal Military Calendar, 1820; Burke's Baronetage; Army Lists; Bunbury's Military Transactions in the Mediterranean, 1805-10; Sperling's Letters from the British Army in Holland, Belgium, and France; Carmichael-Smyth's Wars in the Low Countries.] R. H. V. |