An Intellectual and Cultural History of the Western World: From the Renaissance through the eighteenth century

ancient Aristotle artist atheists attitude Bacon Baroque Bayle became believed Catholic Christian church civilization classical composers conception critical culture deism deistic deists Descartes discoveries divine doctrine earth eighteenth century emotional England English Essay ethics Europe expression famous France Francis Bacon freedom freethinking French German Greek Hobbes human humanist Hume ideas important influence instruments intellectual interest intolerance invention Italian Italy John Kant keyboard instrument knowledge later Latin Leibnitz liberties literature mathematical medieval Michelangelo Middle Ages mind miracles modern Molière Montaigne moral mystical nature Neoplatonic opera painter painting period Petrarch philosophy plays poem poet poetry political popular progress Protestantism rational rationalists reason Reformation religion religious Renaissance revival revolution romanticism romanticist scholars scholasticism scientific secular seventeenth century sixteenth century skepticism social society sonnets Spinoza supernatural theory thought tion Titian tolerance University Press Voltaire writing wrote