forth agat., near Daymiel, in the small lakes called Los Ojos de Guadiana (the eyes of the Guadiana). After receiving the considerable river Giguela from the N., it runs westward through La Mancha and Estremadura, as far as Badajoz, where it turns to the S., and falls at last into the Atlantic by Ayamonte, the other mouth mentioned by Strabo, and which appears to have been at Lepe, being long since closed. The valley of the Guadiana forms the S. part of the great central table-land of Spain, and is bounded on the N. by the Mountains of Toledo, and the rest of that chain, and on the S. by the Sierra Morena. Its whole course is above 450 miles, of which not much above 30 are navigable, and that only by small flatbottomed barges. Its scarcity of water is easily accounted for by the little rain that falls on the tableand. Its numerous tributaries (flowing chiefly from the Sierra Morena) are inconsiderable streams; the only one of them mentioned by ancient authors is the Adrus (Albaragena), which falls into it opposite Badajoz. Some derive the name Anas from the Semitic verb (Hanas, Punic; Hanasa, Arab.) signifying to appear and disappear, referring to its subterraneous course; which may or may not be right. (Ford, Handbook of Spain, p. 83.)

[P.S.]

ANATHO ('Avaðú: Anah), as the name appears in Isidorus of Charax. It is Anathan in Ammianus Marcellinus (xxiv. 1), and Bethauna (Bélavva, perhaps Beth Ana) in Ptolemy (v. 18. §6). D'Anville (L'Euphrate, p. 62) observes that the place which Zosimus (iii. 14) calls Phathusae, in his account of Julian's Persian campaign (A. D. 363), and fixes about the position of Anah, is nowhere else mentioned. It seems, however, to be the same place as Anah, or near it.

Anah is on the Euphrates, north of Hit, in a part where there are eight successive islands (about 341° N.L.). Anah itself occupies a "fringe of soil on the right bank of the river, between a low ridge of rock and the swift-flowing waters." (London Geog. Journ. vol. vii. p. 427.) This place was an important position for commerce in ancient times, and probably on the line of a caravan route. When Julian was encamped before Anatho, one of the hurricanes that sometimes occur in these parts threw down his tents. The emperor took and burnt Anatho.

Tavernier (Travels in Turkey and Persia, iii. 6) describes the country around Anah as well cultivated; and the place as being on both sides of the river, which has an island in the middle. It is a pleasant and fertile spot, in the midst of a desert. Rauwolf, whose travels were published in 1582, 1583, speaks of the olive, citron, orange, and other fruits growing there. The island of Anah is covered with ruins, which also extend for two miles further along the left bank of the river. The place is about 313 miles below Bir, and 440 above Hillah, the site of Babylon, following the course of the river. (London Geog. Journ. vol. iii. p. 232.) Tavernier makes it four days' journey from Bagdad to Anah. [G. L.] ANATIS. [ASAMA.]

ANAUA (“Āvava), a salt lake in the southern part of Phrygia, which Xerxes passed on his march from Celaenae to Colossae. (Herod. vii. 30.) There was a town also called Anaua on or near the lake. This is the lake of Chardak, or Hadji Tous Ghhieul, as it is sometimes called. This lake is nearly dry in summer, at which season there is an incrustation of salt on the mud. The salt is collected now, as it

was in former days, and supplies the neighbourhood and remoter parts.

Arrian (Anab. i. 29) describes, under the name of Ascania, a salt lake which Alexander passed on his march from Pisidia to Celaenae; and the description corresponds to that of Lake Chardak so far as its saline properties. Leake (Asia Minor, p. 146) takes the Ascania of Arrian to be the lake Burdur or Buldur, which is some distance SE. of Chardak. There is nothing in Arrian to determine this question. Leake (p. 150) finds a discrepancy between Arrian and Strabo as to the distance between Sagalassus and Celaenae (Apameia). Strabo (p. 569) makes it one day's journey," whereas Arrian relates that Alexander was five days in marching from Sagalassus to Celaenae, passing by the lake Ascania." But this is a mistake. Arrian does not say that he was five days in marching from Sagalassus to Celaenae. However, he does make Alexander pass by a lake from which the inhabitants collect salt, and Buldur has been supposed to be the lake, because it lies on the direct road from Sagalassus to Celaenae. But this difficulty is removed by observing that Arrian does not say that Alexander marched from Sagalassus to Celaenae, but from the country of the Pisidians; and so he may have passed by Anaua. Hamilton observes (Researches, &c. vol. i. p. 496), that Buldur is only slightly brackish, whereas Chardak exactly corresponds to Arrian's description (p. 504). P. Lucas (Voyage, &c. i. book iv. 2) describes Lake Bondur, as he calls it, as having water too bitter for fish to live in, and as abounding in wild-fowl.

In justification of the opinions here expressed, it may be remarked, that the "five days" of Alexander from Sagalassus to Celaenae have been repeated and adopted by several writers, and thus the question has not been truly stated. [G. L.]

ANAURUS (Avavpos), a small river in Magnesia, in Thessaly, flowing past Iolcos into the Pagasaean gulf, in which Jason is said to have lost one of his sandals. (Apoll. Rhod. i. 8; Simond. ap. Athen. iv. p. 172, e; Apollod. i. 9. § 16; Strab. ix. p. 436; Lucan, vi. 370; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iv. p. 381.)

ANAZARBUS or A ('Ανάζαρος, Ανάξαρβα : Eth. 'AvaÇapbeús, Anazarbenus), a city of Cilicia, so called, according to Stephanus, either from an adjacent mountain of the same name, or from the founder, Anazarbus. It was situated on the Pyramus, and 11 miles from Mopsuestia, according to the Peutinger Table. Suidas (s. v. Kúïvda) says that the original name of the place was Cyinda or Quinda; that it was next called Diocaesarea; and (s.v. 'Avá(ap6os) that having been destroyed by an earthquake, the emperor Nerva sent thither one A azarbus, a man of senatorial rank, who rebuilt the city, and gave to it his own name. All this cannot be true, as Valesius (Amm. Marc. xiv. 8) remarks, for it was called Anazarbus in Pliny's time (v. 27). Dioscorides is called a native of Anazarbus; but the period of Dioscorides is not certain.

Its later name was Caesarea ad Anazarbum, and there are many medals of the place in which it is both named Anazarbus and Caesarea at or under Anazarbus. On the division of Cilicia it became the chief place of Cilicia Secunda, with the title of Metropolis. It suffered dreadfully from an earthquake both in the time of Justinian, and, still more, in the reign of his successor Justin.

The site of Anazarbus, which is said to be named

centia was shortly after founded; and probably extended from the Trebia to the Tarus. [E.H.B.]

ANAO PORTUS. [NICAEA.] A'NAPHE ('Avápn: Eth. 'Avapaîos: Anaphe, Namfi or Namfio), one of the Sporades, a small island in the south of the Grecian Archipelago, E. of Thera. It is said to have been originally called Membliarus from the son of Cadmus of this name, who came to the island in search of Europa. It was celebrated for the temple of Apollo Aegletes, the foundation of which was ascribed to the Argonauts, because Apollo had showed them the island as a place of refuge when they were overtaken by a storm. (Orpheus, Argon. 1363, seq.; Apollod. i. 9. § 26; Apoll. Rhod. iv. 1706, seq.; Conon, 49; Strab. p. 484; Steph. B. s. v.; Plin. ii. 87, iv. 12; Ov. Met. vii. 461.) There are still considerable remains of this temple on the eastern side of the island, and also of the ancient city, which was situated nearly in the centre of Anaphe on the summit of a hill. Several important inscriptions have been discovered in this place, of which an account is given by Ross, in the work cited below. The island is mountainous, of little fertility, and still worse cultivated. It contains a vast number of partridges, with which it abounded in antiquity also. Athenaeus relates (p. 400) that a native of Astypalaea let loose a brace of these birds upon Anaphe, where they multiplied so rapidly that the inhabitants were almost obliged to abandon the island in consequence. (Tournefort, Voyage, &c., vol. i. p. 212, seq.; Ross, Ueber Anaphe und Anaphäische Inschriften, in the Transactions of the Munich Academy for 1838, p. 401, seq.; Ross, Reisen auf den Griechischen Inseln, vol. i. p. 401, seq.; Böckh, Corp. Inscr. No. 2477, seq.)

ANAPHLYSTUS ('Avápλvotos: Eth. 'AvapλúσTIOS: Anȧvyso), a demus of Attica, belonging to the tribe Antiochis, on the W. coast of Attica, opposite the island of Eleussa, and a little N. of the promontory of Sunium. It was a place of some importance. Xenophon recommended the erection of a fortress here for the protection of the mines of Sunium. (Herod. iv. 99; Seylax, p. 21; Xen. de Vectig. 4. § 43; Strab. p. 398; Leake, Demi, p. 59.) ANA'PUS (Avaros). 1, (Anapo), one of the most celebrated and considerable rivers of Sicily, which rises about a inile from the modern town of Buscemi, not far from the site of Acrae; and flows into the great harbour of Syracuse. About three quarters of a mile from its mouth, and just at the foot of the hill on which stood the Olympieium, it receives the waters of the Cyane. Its banks for a considerable distance from its mouth are bordered by marshes, which rendered them at all times unhealthy; and the fevers and pestilence thus generated were among the chief causes of disaster to the Athenians, and still more to the Carthaginians, during the several sieges of Syracuse. But above these marshes the valley through which it flows is one of great beauty, and the waters of the Anapus itself are extremely limpid and clear, and of great depth. Like many rivers in a limestone country it rises all at once with a considerable volume of water, which is, however, nearly doubled by the accession of the Cyane. The tutclary divinity of the stream was worshipped by the Syracusans under the form of a young man (Ael. V. H. ii. 33), who was regarded as the husband of the nymph Cyane. (Ovid. Met. v. 416.) The river is now commonly known as the Alfeo, evidently from a misconception of the story of Alpheus and Arethusa; but is also called and marked

on all maps as the Anapo. (Thuc. vi. 96, vii. 78; Theoer. i. 68; Plut. Dion. 27, Timol. 21; Liv. xxiv. 36; Ovid. Ex Pont. ii. 26; Vib. Seq. p. 4; Oberlin, ad loc.; Fazell. iv. 1, p. 196.)

It is probable that the PALUS LYSIMELEIA (ǹ Xíμvn & Avoiμéλeiα kаλovμévŋ) mentioned by Thu cydides (vii. 53), was a part of the marshes formed by the Anapus near its mouth. A marshy or stagnant pool of some extent still exists between the site of the Neapolis of Syracuse and the mouth of the river, to which the name may with some probability be assigned.

2. A river falling into the Achelous, 80 stadia S of Stratus. [AcHELOUS.] [E.H.B.] ANA'REI MONTES (7à 'Avάpea õpn), a range of mountains in "Scythia intra Imaum," is one of the western branches of the Altai, not far from the sources of the Ob or Irtish. Ptolemy places in their neighbourhood a people called Anarei. (Ptol. vi. 14. §§ 8, 12, 13.)

ANARI'ACAE ('Avaрiáкai, Strab.; Anariaci, Plin.; in Ptol. vi. 2. § 5, erroneously 'Aμapiakai), a people on the southern side of the Caspian Sea, neighbours of the Mardi or Amardi. Their city was called Anariaca ('Avapiάên), and possessed an oracle, which communicated the divine will to persons who slept in the temple. (Strab. xi. pp. 508, 514; Plin. vi. 16. s. 18; Solin. 51; Steph. B. 8. v.)

ANARTES (Caes. B. G. vi. 25), ANARTI ("Avapтoi, Ptol. iii. 8. § 5), a people of Dacia, on the N. side of the Tibiscus (Theiss). Caesar defines the extent of the Hercynia Silva to the E. as ad fines Dacorum et Anartium. [P. S.]

ANAS (Avas: Guadiana, i. e. Wadi-Ana, river Anas, Arab.), an important river of Hispania, described by Strabo (iii. pp. 139, foll.) as rising in the eastern part of the peninsula, like the Tagus and the Baetis (Guadalquivir), between which it flows, all three having the same general direction, from E. to W., inclining to the S.; the Anas is the smallest of the three (comp. p. 162). It divided the country inhabited by the Celts and Lusitanians, who had been removed by the Romans to the S. side of the Tagus, and higher up by the Carpetani, Oretani, and Vettones, from the rich lands of Baetica or Turdetania. It fell into the Atlantic by two mouths, both navigable, between Gades (Cadiz), and the Sacred Promontory (C. St. Vincent). It was only navigable a short way up, and that for small vessels (p. 142). Strabo further quotes Polybins as placing the sources of the Anas and the Baetis in Celtiberia (p. 148). Pliny (iii. 1. s. 2) gives a more exact description of the origin and peculiar character of the Anas. It rises in the territory of Laminium; and, at one time diffused into marshes, at another retiring into a narrow channel, or entirely hid in a subterraneous course, and exulting in being born again and again, it falls into the Atlantic Ocean, after forming, in its lower course, the boundary between Lusitania and Baetica. (Comp. iv. 21. s. 35; Mela, ii. 1. § 3, ii. 1. § 3). The Antonine Itinerary (p. 446) places the source of the Anas (caput fluminis Anae) 7 M. P. from Laminium, on the road to Caesaraugusta. The source is close to the village of Osa la Montiel, in La Mancha, at the foot of one of the northern spurs of the Sierra Morena, in about 39° N. lat. and 2° 45′ W. long. The river originates in a marsh, from a series of small lakes called Lagunas de Ruydera. After a course of about 7 miles, it disappears and runs underground for 12 miles, bursting

forth again, near Daymiel, in the small lakes called Los Ojos de Guadiana (the eyes of the Guadiana). After receiving the considerable river Giguela from the N., it runs westward through La Mancha and Estremadura, as far as Badajoz, where it turns to the S., and falls at last into the Atlantic by Ayamonte, the other mouth mentioned by Strabo, and which appears to have been at Lepe, being long since closed. The valley of the Guadiana forms the S. part of the great central table-land of Spain, and is bounded on the N. by the Mountuins of Toledo, and the rest of that chain, and on the S. by the Sierra Morena. Its whole course is above 450 miles, of which not much above 30 are navigable, and that only by small flatbottomed barges. Its scarcity of water is easily accounted for by the little rain that falls on the tableand. Its numerous tributaries (flowing chiefly from the Sierra Morena) are inconsiderable streams; the only one of them mentioned by ancient authors is the Adrus (Albaragena), which falls into it opposite Badajoz. Some derive the name Anas from the Semitic verb (Hanas, Punic; Hanasa, Arab.) signifying to appear and disappear, referring to its subterraneous course; which may or may not be right. (Ford, Handbook of Spain, p. 83.)

[P.S.]

ANATHO ('Avabú: Anah), as the name appears in Isidorus of Charax. It is Anathan in Ammianus Marcellinus (xxiv. 1), and Bethauna (Bélavva, perhaps Beth Ana) in Ptolemy (v. 18. §6). D'Anville (L'Euphrate, p. 62) observes that the place which Zosimus (iii. 14) calls Phathusae, in his account of Julian's Persian campaign (A. D. 363), and fixes about the position of Anah, is nowhere else mentioned. It seems, however, to be the same place as Anah, or near it.

Anah is on the Euphrates, north of Hit, in a part where there are eight successive islands (about 344° N.L.). Anah itself occupies a "fringe of soil on the right bank of the river, between a low ridge of rock and the swift-flowing waters." (London Geog. Journ, vol. vii. p. 427.) This place was an important position for commerce in ancient times, and probably on the line of a caravan route. When Julian was encamped before Anatho, one of the hurricanes that sometimes occur in these parts threw down his tents. The emperor took and burnt Anatho.

Tavernier (Travels in Turkey and Persia, iii. 6) describes the country around Anah as well cultivated; and the place as being on both sides of the river, which has an island in the middle. It is a pleasant and fertile spot, in the midst of a desert. Rauwolf, whose travels were published in 1582, 1583, speaks of the olive, citron, orange, and other fruits growing there. The island of Anah is covered with ruins, which also extend for two miles further along the left bank of the river. The place is about 313 miles below Bir, and 440 above Hillah, the site of Babylon, following the course of the river. (London Geog. Journ. vol. iii. p. 232.) Tavernier makes it four days' journey from Bagdad to Anah. [G. L.] ANATIS. [ASAMA.]

ANAUA ("Avava), a salt lake in the southern part of Phrygia, which Xerxes passed on his march from Celaenae to Colossae. (Herod. vii. 30.) There was a town also called Anaua on or near the lake. This is the lake of Chardak, or Hadji Tous Ghhieul, as it is sometimes called. This lake is nearly dry in summer, at which season there is an incrustation of salt on the mud. The salt is collected now, as it

was in former days, and supplies the neighbourhood and remoter parts.

Arrian (Anab. i. 29) describes, under the name of Ascania, a salt lake which Alexander passed on his march from Pisidia to Celaenae; and the description corresponds to that of Lake Chardak so far as its saline properties. Leake (Asia Minor, p. 146) takes the Ascania of Arrian to be the lake Burdur or Buldur, which is some distance SE. of Chardak. There is nothing in Arrian to determine this question. Leake (p. 150) finds a discrepancy between Arrian and Strabo as to the distance between Sagalassus and Celaenae (Apameia). Strabo (p. 569) makes it one day's journey," whereas Arrian relates that Alexander was five days in marching from Sagalassus to Celaenae, passing by the lake Ascania." But this is a mistake. Arrian does not say that he was five days in marching from Sagalassus to Celaenae. However, he does make Alexander pass by a lake from which the inhabitants collect salt, and Buldur has been supposed to be the lake, because it lies on the direct road from Sagalassus to Celaenae. But this difficulty is removed by observing that Arrian does not say that Alexander marched from Sagalassus to Celaenae, but from the country of the Pisidians; and so he may have passed by Anaua. Hamilton observes (Researches,&c. vol. i. p. 496), that Buldur is only slightly brackish, whereas Chardak exactly corresponds to Arrian's description (p. 504). P. Lucas (Voyage, &c. i. book iv. 2) describes Lake Bondur, as he calls it, as having water too bitter for fish to live in, and as abounding in wild-fowl.

In justification of the opinions here expressed, it may be remarked, that the "five days" of Alexander from Sagalassus to Celaenae have been repeated and adopted by several writers, and thus the question has not been truly stated. [G. L.]

ANAURUS (Avaupos), a small river in Magnesia, in Thessaly, flowing past Iolcos into the Pagasaean gulf, in which Jason is said to have lost one of his sandals. (Apoll. Rhod. i. 8; Simond. ap. Athen. iv. p. 172, e; Apollod. i. 9. § 16; Strab. ix. p. 436; Lucan, vi. 370; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iv. p. 381.)

ANAZARBUS or A (Αναζαρβος, Ανάξαρβα : Eth. 'AvaÇapbeus, Anazarbenus), a city of Cilicia, so called, according to Stephanus, either from an adjacent mountain of the same name, or from the founder, Anazarbus. It was situated on the Pyramus, and 11 miles from Mopsuestia, according to the Peutinger Table. Suidas (s. v. Kúïvda) says that the original name of the place was Cyinda or Quinda; that it was next called Diocaesarea; and (s.v. 'Avá(apos) that having been destroyed by an earthquake, the emperor Nerva sent thither one A azarbus, a man of senatorial rank, who rebuilt the city, and gave to it his own name. All this cannot be true, as Valesius (Amm. Marc. xiv. 8) remarks, for it was called Anazarbus in Pliny's time (v. 27). Dioscorides is called a native of Anazarbus; but the period of Dioscorides is not certain.

Its later name was Caesarea ad Anazarbum, and there are many medals of the place in which it is both named Anazarbus and Caesarea at or under Anazarbus. On the division of Cilicia it became the chief place of Cilicia Secunda, with the title of Metropolis. It suffered dreadfully from an earthquake both in the time of Justinian, and, still more, in the reign of his successor Justin.

The site of Anazarbus, which is said to be named

forth again, near Daymiel, in the small lakes called Los Ojos de Guadiana (the eyes of the Guadiana), After receiving the considerable river Giguela from the N., it runs westward through La Mancha and Estremadura, as far as Badajoz, where it turns to the S., and falls at last into the Atlantic by Ayamonte, the other mouth mentioned by Strabo, and which appears to have been at Lepe, being long since closed. The valley of the Guadiana forms the S. part of the great central table-land of Spain, and is bounded on the N. by the Mountains of Toledo, and the rest of that chain, | and on the S. by the Sierra Morena. Its whole course is above 450 miles, of which not much above 30 are navigable, and that only by small flatbottomed barges. Its scarcity of water is easily accounted for by the little rain that falls on the tableand. Its numerous tributaries (flowing chiefly from the Sierra Morena) are inconsiderable streams; the only one of them mentioned by ancient authors is the Adrus (Albaragena), which falls into it opposite Badajoz. Some derive the name Anas from the Semitic verb (Hanas, Punic; Hanasa, Arab.) signifying to appear and disappear, referring to its subterraneous course; which may or may not be right. (Ford, Handbook of Spain, p. 83.)

[P.S.]

ANATHO ('Avaðú: Anah), as the name appears in Isidorus of Charax. It is Anathan in Ammianus Marcellinus (xxiv. 1), and Bethauna (Bé@avva, perhaps Beth Ana) in Ptolemy (v. 18. §6). D'Anville (L'Euphrate, p. 62) observes that the place which Zosimus (iii. 14) calls Phathusae, in his account of Julian's Persian campaign (A. D. 363), and fixes about the position of Anah, is nowhere else mentioned. It seems, however, to be the same place as Anah, or near it.

Anah is on the Euphrates, north of Hit, in a part where there are eight successive islands (about 344° N.L.). Anah itself occupies a "fringe of soil on the right bank of the river, between a low ridge of rock and the swift-flowing waters." (London Geog. Journ. vol. vii. p. 427.) This place was an important position for commerce in ancient times, and probably on the line of a caravan route. When Julian was encamped before Anatho, one of the hurricanes that sometimes occur in these parts threw down his tents. The emperor took and burnt Anatho.

Tavernier (Travels in Turkey and Persia, iii. 6) describes the country around Anah as well cultivated; and the place as being on both sides of the river, which has an island in the middle. It is a pleasant and fertile spot, in the midst of a desert. Ranwolf, whose travels were published in 1582, 1583, speaks of the olive, citron, orange, and other fruits growing there. The island of Anah is covered with ruins, which also extend for two miles further along the left bank of the river. The place is about 313 miles below Bir, and 440 above Hillah, the site of Babylon, following the course of the river. (London Geog. Journ. vol. iii. p. 232.) Tavernier makes it four days' journey from Bagdad to Anah. [G. L.] ANATIS. [ASAMA.]

ANAUA ("Avava), a salt lake in the southern part of Phrygia, which Xerxes passed on his march from Celaenae to Colossae. (Herod. vii. 30.) There was a town also called Anaua on or near the lake. This is the lake of Chardak, or Hadji Tous Ghhieul, as it is sometimes called. This lake is nearly dry in summer, at which season there is an incrustation of salt on the mud. The salt is collected now, as it

was in former days, and supplies the neighbourhood and remoter parts.

Arrian (Anab. i. 29) describes, under the name of Ascania, a salt lake which Alexander passed on his march from Pisidia to Celaenae; and the description corresponds to that of Lake Chardak so far as its saline properties. Leake (Asia Minor, p. 146) takes the Ascania of Arrian to be the lake Burdur or Buldur, which is some distance SE. of Chardak. There is nothing in Arrian to determine this question. Leake (p. 150) finds a discrepancy between Arrian and Strabo as to the distance between Sagalassus and Celaenae (Apameia). Strabo (p. 569) makes it one day's journey, "whereas Arrian relates that Alexander was five days in marching from Sagalassus to Celaenae, passing by the lake Ascania." But this is a mistake. Arrian does not say that he was five days in marching from Sagalassus to Celaenae. However, he does make Alexander pass by a lake from which the inhabitants collect salt, and Buldur has been supposed to be the lake, because it lies on the direct road from Sagalassus to Celaenae. But this difficulty is removed by observing that Arrian does not say that Alexander marched from Sagalassus to Celaenae, but from the country of the Pisidians; and so he may have passed by Anaua. Hamilton observes (Researches, &c. vol. i. p. 496), that Buldur is only slightly brackish, whereas Chardak exactly corresponds to Arrian's description (p. 504). P. Lucas (Voyage, &c. i. book iv. 2) describes Lake Bondur, as he calls it, as having water too bitter for fish to live in, and as abounding in wild-fowl.

In justification of the opinions here expressed, it may be remarked, that the "five days" of Alexander from Sagalassus to Celaenae have been repeated and adopted by several writers, and thus the question has not been truly stated. [G. L.]

ANAURUS (Avaupos), a small river in Magnesia, in Thessaly, flowing past Iolcos into the Pagasaean gulf, in which Jason is said to have lost one of his sandals. (Apoll. Rhod. i. 8; Simomd. ap. Athen. iv. p. 172, e; Apollod. i. 9. § 16; Strab. ix. p. 436; Lucan, vi. 370; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iv. p. 381.)

ANAZARBUS or -A ('AváÇapbos, 'AváÇapba : Eth. 'Avalapbeús, Anazarbenus), a city of Cilicia, so called, according to Stephanus, either from an adjacent mountain of the same name, or from the founder, Anazarbus. It was situated on the Pyramus, and 11 miles from Mopsuestia, according to the Peutinger Table. Suidas (s. v. Kúïvda) says that the original name of the place was Cyinda or Quinda; that it was next called Diocaesarea; and (s.v. 'Avá(apsos) that having been destroyed by an earthquake, the emperor Nerva sent thither one A azarbus, a man of senatorial rank, who rebuilt the city, and gave to it his own name. All this cannot be true, as Valesius (Amm. Marc. xiv. 8) remarks, for it was called Anazarbus in Pliny's time (v. 27). Dioscorides is called a native of Anazarbus; but the period of Dioscorides is not certain.

Its later name was Caesarea ad Anazarbum, and there are many medals of the place in which it is both named Anazarbus and Caesarea at or under Anazarbus. On the division of Cilicia it became the chief place of Cilicia Secunda, with the title of Metropolis. It suffered dreadfully from an earthquake both in the time of Justinian, and, still more, in the reign of his successor Justin.

The site of Anazarbus, which is said to be named