Eastward is the factory; 30 ft. of rock were removed to secure a foundation; the quadrangle, 800 ft. by 350 ft., covered with iron roofing and glazed, contains smitheries and workshops. The smoke ascends two chimneys, 180 ft. high. The west front contains storehouses and offices of the Engineer department; the north wing, the boiler-making shops; the south wing, erecting shops and those for repair of engines; the east side, the foundry. There are two engines of 50-horse power at either end of the east side, one of which can drive all the work. The sheers on the wharves, driven by steam, with their enormous cranes, can lift 60 tons. A branch railway will be introduced into the Yard; the whole expenditure will not be much less than one million and a half sterling.

The adjoining suburb of Morice Town is so called from Sir William Morice, who, in 1667, purchased the manor from Sir T. Wise, whose mansion stood upon Mount Wise: the land subsequently passed to Sir John St. Aubyn. Across the Hamoaze (the Hamlet by the Ouse), which is four miles long by half a mile broad with moorings for 92 line-of-battle ships, but at its narrow entrance, are laid the chains of the Steam Floating Bridge, 60 ft. by 50 ft., which is propelled by two engines, maintaining a communication with Torpoint, on the Cornish shore : it was established in 1834. At high water the depth is 20 fathoms; at low water 15 fathoms. The guard-ship, Royal William, 120, of 2698 tons, was built here, by Rule, in 1833; the flag-ship the Impregnable, 104, of 2406 tons, was built at Chatham, by Rule, in 1810. The Block House at Higher Stoke was built by order of George II. A line of fortifications, consisting of detached forts, ramparts, and a fosse, is now in course of construction at the peninsula of Tregantle, which will command Plymouth and Devonport. A breastwork, 6 ft. high, will be made on the redoubt of Mount Wise, and two of Armstrong's guns mounted on the angle.

Devonport lies in Stoke Damerel parish. The principal buildings are a noble gateway in Fore Street; the Post Office, by J. Wightwick; the Mechanics' Institute, by A.

Norman; the Town Hall, George Street, built 1821, at a cost of 29021., with a County Meeting Hall 75 ft. by 40 ft.: the Column, of Devonshire granite, on Windmill Hill, 124 ft. high, built 1824 to commemorate the change of name of the suburb from Dock to Devonport, cost 27501. ; the Library, in 1823, cost 15607. The church of St. Aubyn (H. B. Lennard, P.C.) was built 1771; St John's (W. I. S. Aubyn, V.) in 1799. The other churches are St. James's, Stoke (J. Bliss, P.C.), built by J. St. Aubyn; St. Peter's (G. R. Prynne, P.C.) 1830; St. Paul's (J. Adams, P.C.), 1850; St. Mary's (A. Swain, P.C.), 1854; St. Stephen's (G. W. Proctor, P.C.); St. Michael's (R. Gardner, P.C.); St. Andrew's (J. C. Street, P.C.); Holy Trinity, built 1841 (F. Barnes, P.C.); Christchurch, built 1846 (T. G. Postlethwaite, P.C.); Charles Chapel (G. D. Doudney, P.C.); Sutton (G. G. Carrington, P.C.)

STONEHOUSE derives its name from Joel de Stonehouse, lord of the manor in the reign of Henry III.: it was formerly called Hippeston. St. George's Church (W. H. Nantes, P.C.) was built 1789: St. Paul's (G. Gnowling, P.C.), by J. Foulston, in 1831. The men of Stonehouse were staunch royalists during the civil wars.

Drake's, or St. Nicholas, Island is strongly fortified; it once possessed a chapel of St. Michael. In it, after a long imprisonment, the rebel General Lambert died 1683.

Charles M. 7,313 8,464 9,385 12,196 12,956 19,157 8,727 12,339 12,206 18,884 23,564 33,064

S. Andrew

Between Mount Edgecumbe and the Rame- (a headland) Head, the scene of the wreck of H.M.S. ships Coronation and Harwich in 1693, (facing Stoke Point, from which it is distant 8 miles,) is Cawsand Bay, once notorious for

smugglers. Except at this point, the west shore is ironbound, huge rocks rising almost sheer from the water. The Sound is about three miles wide, and runs nearly as deep inland: the tremendous swell of the Channel under a southerly wind was formerly the cause of considerable injury to vessels at anchor. The depth of water varies from about five to twelve fathoms; the area is about 4800 acres, and could contain 2000 vessels. It is landlocked by hills rising in places to a height of 400 feet; Staddon Height, Wembury Point, and the Mewstone in Devon, and Redding Point and Penlee, being on the west shore, while seaward is the Cornish Rame Head, distant from the eastern headland, Stoke Point, nearly nine miles. In 1806 it was determined, on the earnest recommendation of Lord St. Vincent, to protect the roadstead by a stupendous undertaking, demanding the highest mechanical skill-the creation of a barrier which might for ever defy the fearful surge of the Atlantic. During thirty-four years 200 men were annually employed: the result was the erection of this grand monument of national enterprise, the Breakwater, a line of stonework 1,700 yards in length, with two arms 350 yards long, inclining northward at an angle of 120° at each extremity. The plan, in imitation of a coral reef, was drawn by Rennie, with the assistance of Whidbey, master attendant at Woolwich Dockyard. At the base the width varies from 300 to 400 feet, the depth being from 40 to 80 feet; the slope is so steep that at the summit the breadth is only 15 yards, and the elevation of the surface above high water at spring tides, is 2 feet. The sea-slope is an inclination of five to one, the land slope of two to one. An entire quarry of close-grained marble having been purchased from the Duke of Bedford for 10,000l., the first stone was laid Aug. 12, 1812, and then for months vessels continued to discharge blocks of half a ton to seven tons in weight on the line of the embankment. On March 30, 1813, a small portion became visible at low water; on July 30, an extent of 720 yards was dry at ebb tide. In March, 1814, line-of-battle ships anchored under its lee, instead of lying at their old moorings in

Cawsand Bay. Fearful storms occurred in Jan. 1817, when H.M.S. the "Jasper" and "Telegraph" were driven on shore; and in Nov. 1824, Feb. and Nov. 1838, when stones of twenty tons weight were carried over the top of the wall by the waves. On Feb. 22, 1841, the lighthouse at the west end, of white granite from Par, was commenced by Walker and Burgess. It is 55 ft. high, and 114ft. in diameter at the base. In 1845, a beacon with a hollow globe, for the escape of shipwrecked seamen, was erected at the east end. About four million tons of granite have been deposited in this haven of safety, at a cost of 1,582,0007.

A still more wonderful work of enterprising skill looms far out at sea, twelve miles from shore. In a line between the Start and Lizard lies a group of rocks stretching for 100 fathoms across the Channel, sloping about 24 feet 11 inches to the north-east, and receiving the whole fury of waves from the Atlantic and the Bay of Biscay—the scene of the wreck of many a gallant ship. The continual whirlpool which circles round it gave origin to its name of the Eddy-stone. The shape and position augment the power of the seas. On this rock, Mr. Henry Winstanley, of Littlebury, Essex, the Merlin of his age, accomplished, in 1696, the grand project of erecting a lighthouse. The structure was of wood, resembling a Chinese pagoda, and sailors said a six-oared galley might be carried through its open gallery on the top of a sea. The ingenious constructor, however, was sanguine of its stability, and openly professed his readiness to be in it during the greatest storm that ever blew. On November 26, 1703, while he was there superintending some repairs, his bold wish was only too fatally fulfilled; the next morning beheld the vacant rock swept clear of every vestige of the wooden tower. Gay, in his Trivia, alludes to the calamity :

"Famed Eddystone's far shooting ray, That led the sailor through the stormy way, Was from its rocky roots by billows torn,

And the huge turret in the whirlwind borne."

Another amateur engineer, John Rudyerd, a silk mercer of Ludgate Hill, was more fortunate. His lighthouse of